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| Product NDC Code | 51079-670 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Drug Name | Methotrexate |
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| Type | Generic | ||||
| Pharm Class | Folate Analog Metabolic Inhibitor [EPC], Folic Acid Metabolism Inhibitors [MoA] |
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| Route | ORAL | ||||
| Dosage Form | TABLET | ||||
| RxCUI drug identifier | 105585 | ||||
| Application Number | ANDA081235 | ||||
| Labeler Name | Mylan Institutional Inc. | ||||
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Overdosage of methotrexate
Information about signs, symptoms, and laboratory findings of acute ovedosage and the general principles of overdose treatment.10 OVERDOSAGE Overdosage, including fatal overdosage, has occurred with methotrexate [see Warnings and Precautions (5.9) ]. Manifestations: Manifestations of methotrexate overdosage include adverse reactions reported at pharmacologic doses, particularly hematologic and gastrointestinal reactions (e.g., leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia, pancytopenia, myelosuppression, mucositis, stomatitis, oral ulceration, nausea, vomiting, gastrointestinal ulceration, or gastrointestinal bleeding). In some cases, no symptoms were reported; however, sepsis or septic shock, renal failure, and aplastic anemia were also reported. Management: Leucovorin and levoleucovorin are indicated for diminishing the methotrexate adverse reactions of methotrexate overdosage. Administer leucovorin or levoleucovorin as soon as possible after methotrexate overdosage). Monitor serum creatinine and methotrexate levels to guide leucovorin or levoleucovorin therapy. Refer to the leucovorin or levoleucovorin prescribing information for additional dosage information. Glucarpidase is indicated for the treatment of toxic plasma methotrexate concentrations (> 1 micromole per liter) in patients with delayed methotrexate clearance due to impaired renal function. Refer to the glucarpidase prescribing information for additional dosage information. Administer concomitant hydration and urinary alkalinization. Neither hemodialysis nor peritoneal dialysis has been shown to improve methotrexate elimination; however, methotrexate has been effectively cleared with acute, intermittent hemodialysis using a high-flux dialyzer.
Adverse reactions
Information about undesirable effects, reasonably associated with use of the drug, that may occur as part of the pharmacological action of the drug or may be unpredictable in its occurrence. Adverse reactions include those that occur with the drug, and if applicable, with drugs in the same pharmacologically active and chemically related class. There is considerable variation in the listing of adverse reactions. They may be categorized by organ system, by severity of reaction, by frequency, by toxicological mechanism, or by a combination of these.6 ADVERSE REACTIONS The following clinically significant adverse reactions are described elsewhere in the labeling: Hypersensitivity Reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] Myelosuppression [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ] Gastrointestinal Toxicity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4) ] Hepatotoxicity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5) ] Pulmonary Toxicity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6) ] Dermatologic Reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7) ] Renal Toxicity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8) ] Serious Infections [see Warnings and Precautions (5.11) ] Neurotoxicity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.12) ] Secondary Malignancies [see Warnings and Precautions (5.13) ] Tumor Lysis Syndrome [see Warnings and Precautions (5.14) ] Increased Risk of Adverse Reactions Due to Third-Space Accumulation [see Warnings and Precautions (5.17) ] Common adverse reactions include ulcerative stomatitis, leukopenia, nausea, abdominal distress. ( 6.1 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Mylan at 1-877-446-3679 (1-877-4-INFO-RX) or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical trials and other studies are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. Common adverse reactions were: ulcerative stomatitis, leukopenia, nausea, and abdominal distress. Other clinically relevant adverse reactions were infection, malaise, fatigue, chills, fever, and dizziness. Rheumatoid Arthritis The most common adverse reactions of methotrexate that exceeded the rate of placebo in 12- to 18-week double-blind studies in patients (n = 128) with rheumatoid arthritis are listed below. Patients received methotrexate 7.5 to 15 mg orally once weekly. Most patients received concomitant nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and some also received corticosteroids. Hepatic histology was not examined in these short-term studies. Incidence ≥ 10%: Elevated liver tests 15%, nausea/vomiting 10% Incidence 3% to < 10%: Stomatitis, thrombocytopenia (platelet count < 100,000/mm 3 ) Incidence 1% to < 3%: Rash/pruritus/dermatitis, diarrhea, alopecia, leukopenia (white blood cell count < 3000/mm 3 ), pancytopenia, dizziness Two other controlled trials of patients (n = 680) with rheumatoid arthritis who received methotrexate 7.5 mg to 15 mg orally once weekly showed the following serious adverse reaction: Incidence 1%: Interstitial pneumonitis Other less common adverse reactions were: anemia, headache, upper respiratory infection, anorexia, arthralgias, chest pain, coughing, dysuria, eye discomfort, epistaxis, fever, infection, sweating, tinnitus, vaginal discharge. Polyarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (pJIA) The most common adverse reactions reported in patients 2 to 18 years of age with pJIA treated with methotrexate 5 mg/m 2 to 20 mg/m 2 orally once weekly or 0.1 to 0.65 mg/kg orally once weekly were as follows: elevated liver tests 14%; gastrointestinal reactions (e.g., nausea, vomiting, diarrhea) 11%; stomatitis 2%; leukopenia 2%; headache 1.2%; alopecia 0.5%; dizziness 0.2%; rash 0.2%. Most patients received concomitant NSAIDs and some also received corticosteroids. Psoriasis In two published series of adults with psoriasis (n = 204, 248) who received methotrexate up to 25 mg per week for up to 4 years, adverse reaction rates were similar to those in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, except for alopecia, photosensitivity, and “burning of skin lesions” (3% to 10% each). Painful plaque erosions have been reported. 6.2 Postmarketing Experience The following adverse reactions have been identified during postapproval use of methotrexate. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure. Cardiovascular: Thromboembolic events (including arterial thrombosis, cerebral thrombosis, deep vein thrombosis, retinal vein thrombosis, thrombophlebitis, and pulmonary embolus), pericarditis, pericardial effusion, hypotension, sudden death Endocrine: Diabetes Eye: Optic neuropathy, blurred vision, ocular pain, conjunctivitis, xerophthalmia Gastrointestinal: Hemorrhagic enteritis, intestinal perforation, gingivitis, pancreatitis, pharyngitis, hematemesis, melena, gastrointestinal ulceration Hematology: Aplastic anemia, lymphadenopathy, hypogammaglobulinemia Hepatobiliary: Acute hepatitis, decreased serum albumin, fibrosis, cirrhosis Immune system: Anaphylaxis, anaphylactoid reactions, vasculitis Metabolism: Hyperglycemia Musculoskeletal: Stress fracture, soft tissue and bone necrosis, arthralgia, myalgia, osteoporosis Nervous system: Headaches, drowsiness, blurred vision, speech impairment (including dysarthria and aphasia), transient cognitive dysfunction, mood alteration, unusual cranial sensations, paresis, encephalopathy, and convulsions. Renal: Azotemia, hematuria, proteinuria, cystitis Reproductive: Defective oogenesis or spermatogenesis, loss of libido, impotence, gynecomastia, menstrual dysfunction Respiratory: Pulmonary fibrosis, respiratory failure, chronic interstitial obstructive pulmonary disease, pleuritic pain and thickening, alveolitis Skin: Toxic epidermal necrolysis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, exfoliative dermatitis, skin necrosis, and erythema multiforme, erythematous rashes, pruritus, alopecia, skin ulceration, accelerated nodulosis, urticaria, pigmentary changes, ecchymosis, telangiectasia, photosensitivity, acne, furunculosis
methotrexate Drug Interactions
Information about and practical guidance on preventing clinically significant drug/drug and drug/food interactions that may occur in people taking the drug.7 DRUG INTERACTIONS Refer to the full prescribing information for drug interactions with methotrexate. ( 7 ) 7.1 Effects of Other Drugs on Methotrexate Drugs that Increase Methotrexate Exposure Coadministration of methotrexate with the following products may increase methotrexate plasma concentrations, which may increase the risk of methotrexate severe adverse reactions. In some cases, the coadministration of methotrexate with these products may also subsequently reduce active metabolite formation, which may decrease the clinical effectiveness of methotrexate. Increased organ specific adverse reactions may also occur when methotrexate is coadministered with hepatotoxic or nephrotoxic products. If coadministration cannot be avoided, monitor closely for methotrexate adverse reactions when coadministered with: Oral antibiotics (including neomycin) Oral or intravenous penicillin or sulfonamide antibiotics Highly protein-bound drugs (e.g., oral anticoagulants, phenytoin, salicylates, sulfonamides, sulfonylureas, and tetracyclines) Probencid Antifolate drugs (e.g., dapsone, pemetrexed, pyrimethamine and sulfonamides) Aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs Hepatotoxic products Proton pump inhibitors Weak acids (e.g., salicylates) Nephrotoxic products Nitrous Oxide Coadministration of methotrexate with nitrous oxide anesthesia potentiates the effect of methotrexate on folate-dependent metabolic pathways, which may increase the risk of severe methotrexate adverse reactions. Avoid nitrous oxide anesthesia in patients receiving methotrexate. Consider alternative therapies in patients who have received prior nitrous oxide anesthesia. Folic Acid Coadministration of methotrexate with folic acid or its derivatives decreases the clinical effectiveness of methotrexate in patients with neoplastic diseases. Methotrexate competes with reduced folates for active transport across cell membranes. Instruct patients to take folic or folinic acid only as directed by their healthcare provider [see Warnings and Precautions (5.10) ].
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Clinical pharmacology
Information about the clinical pharmacology and actions of the drug in humans.12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY 12.1 Mechanism of Action Methotrexate inhibits dihydrofolic acid reductase. Dihydrofolates must be reduced to tetrahydrofolates by this enzyme before they can be utilized as carriers of one-carbon groups in the synthesis of purine nucleotides and thymidylate. Therefore, methotrexate interferes with DNA synthesis, repair, and cellular replication. Actively proliferating tissues such as malignant cells, bone marrow, fetal cells, buccal and intestinal mucosa, and cells of the urinary bladder are in general more sensitive to this effect of methotrexate. The mechanism of action in rheumatoid arthritis and in psoriasis is unknown. 12.3 Pharmacokinetics Absorption At doses of 30 mg/m 2 or less, the mean bioavailability is approximately 60%. Peak plasma concentrations are reached within 0.75 to 6 hours following oral administration. Methotrexate may undergo enterohepatic recirculation; however, this pathway has not been fully characterized. Effect of Food Food has been shown to delay absorption and reduce peak concentration. Distribution Methotrexate in serum is approximately 50% protein bound. Methotrexate does not penetrate the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier at concentrations achieved with the recommended dosages. Elimination The elimination half-life of methotrexate is approximately 3 to 10 hours. Small amounts of methotrexate polyglutamates may remain in tissues for extended periods. The retention and prolonged drug action of these active metabolites vary among different cells, tissues, and tumors. Nonlinear elimination due to saturation of renal tubular reabsorption has been observed in studies of patients with psoriasis receiving methotrexate doses between 7.5 mg and 30 mg. Metabolism Methotrexate is partially metabolized by intestinal flora after oral administration. Methotrexate primarily undergoes hepatic and intracellular metabolism to active polyglutamated forms which can be converted back to methotrexate by hydrolase enzymes. Methotrexate also undergoes minor metabolism to active 7-hydroxymethotrexate. Excretion Methotrexate primarily undergoes renal excretion by glomerular filtration and active tubular secretion that is dependent upon dosage and route of administration. Biliary excretion accounts for ≤ 10% of the methotrexate dose. Specific Populations The effect of hepatic impairment on the pharmacokinetics of methotrexate is unknown. Pediatric Patients In pediatric patients with leukemia, oral absorption (23% to 95%) of methotrexate is variable and dose-dependent. The difference between highest and lowest peak methotrexate concentrations (C max 0.11 to 2.3 micromolar after a 20 mg/m 2 dose) was 20-fold. The time to peak concentration (T max 0.67 to 4 hours after a 15 mg/m 2 dose) and fraction of dose absorbed is variable. The absorption of doses greater than 40 mg/m 2 is significantly less than that of lower doses. In pediatric patients with pJIA, plasma concentrations of methotrexate are variable. Following oral administration of methotrexate 6.4 mg/m 2 /week to 11.2 mg/m 2 /week, mean serum concentrations were 0.59 micromolar (0.03 to 1.40) at 1 hour, 0.44 micromolar (0.01 to 1.00) at 2 hours, and 0.29 micromolar (0.06 to 0.58) at 3 hours. In pediatric patients receiving methotrexate for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (6.3 mg/m 2 to 30 mg/m 2 ) or for JIA (3.75 mg/m 2 to 26.2 mg/m 2 ), the terminal half-life has been reported to range from 0.7 to 5.8 hours or from 0.9 to 2.3 hours, respectively. Patients with Renal impairment The elimination half-life of methotrexate is variable and increases with the severity of renal impairment.
Mechanism of action
Information about the established mechanism(s) of the drugÕs action in humans at various levels (for example receptor, membrane, tissue, organ, whole body). If the mechanism of action is not known, this field contains a statement about the lack of information.12.1 Mechanism of Action Methotrexate inhibits dihydrofolic acid reductase. Dihydrofolates must be reduced to tetrahydrofolates by this enzyme before they can be utilized as carriers of one-carbon groups in the synthesis of purine nucleotides and thymidylate. Therefore, methotrexate interferes with DNA synthesis, repair, and cellular replication. Actively proliferating tissues such as malignant cells, bone marrow, fetal cells, buccal and intestinal mucosa, and cells of the urinary bladder are in general more sensitive to this effect of methotrexate. The mechanism of action in rheumatoid arthritis and in psoriasis is unknown.
Pharmacokinetics
Information about the clinically significant pharmacokinetics of a drug or active metabolites, for instance pertinent absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion parameters.12.3 Pharmacokinetics Absorption At doses of 30 mg/m 2 or less, the mean bioavailability is approximately 60%. Peak plasma concentrations are reached within 0.75 to 6 hours following oral administration. Methotrexate may undergo enterohepatic recirculation; however, this pathway has not been fully characterized. Effect of Food Food has been shown to delay absorption and reduce peak concentration. Distribution Methotrexate in serum is approximately 50% protein bound. Methotrexate does not penetrate the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier at concentrations achieved with the recommended dosages. Elimination The elimination half-life of methotrexate is approximately 3 to 10 hours. Small amounts of methotrexate polyglutamates may remain in tissues for extended periods. The retention and prolonged drug action of these active metabolites vary among different cells, tissues, and tumors. Nonlinear elimination due to saturation of renal tubular reabsorption has been observed in studies of patients with psoriasis receiving methotrexate doses between 7.5 mg and 30 mg. Metabolism Methotrexate is partially metabolized by intestinal flora after oral administration. Methotrexate primarily undergoes hepatic and intracellular metabolism to active polyglutamated forms which can be converted back to methotrexate by hydrolase enzymes. Methotrexate also undergoes minor metabolism to active 7-hydroxymethotrexate. Excretion Methotrexate primarily undergoes renal excretion by glomerular filtration and active tubular secretion that is dependent upon dosage and route of administration. Biliary excretion accounts for ≤ 10% of the methotrexate dose. Specific Populations The effect of hepatic impairment on the pharmacokinetics of methotrexate is unknown. Pediatric Patients In pediatric patients with leukemia, oral absorption (23% to 95%) of methotrexate is variable and dose-dependent. The difference between highest and lowest peak methotrexate concentrations (C max 0.11 to 2.3 micromolar after a 20 mg/m 2 dose) was 20-fold. The time to peak concentration (T max 0.67 to 4 hours after a 15 mg/m 2 dose) and fraction of dose absorbed is variable. The absorption of doses greater than 40 mg/m 2 is significantly less than that of lower doses. In pediatric patients with pJIA, plasma concentrations of methotrexate are variable. Following oral administration of methotrexate 6.4 mg/m 2 /week to 11.2 mg/m 2 /week, mean serum concentrations were 0.59 micromolar (0.03 to 1.40) at 1 hour, 0.44 micromolar (0.01 to 1.00) at 2 hours, and 0.29 micromolar (0.06 to 0.58) at 3 hours. In pediatric patients receiving methotrexate for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (6.3 mg/m 2 to 30 mg/m 2 ) or for JIA (3.75 mg/m 2 to 26.2 mg/m 2 ), the terminal half-life has been reported to range from 0.7 to 5.8 hours or from 0.9 to 2.3 hours, respectively. Patients with Renal impairment The elimination half-life of methotrexate is variable and increases with the severity of renal impairment.
Contraindications
Information about situations in which the drug product is contraindicated or should not be used because the risk of use clearly outweighs any possible benefit, including the type and nature of reactions that have been reported.4 CONTRAINDICATIONS Methotrexate tablets are contraindicated in: Pregnant women receiving methotrexate tablets for treatment of non-neoplastic diseases [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) , and Use in Specific Populations (8.1 , 8.3) ] . Patients with a history of a severe hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis, to methotrexate [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] . In pregnancy for non-neoplastic diseases ( 4 ) History of severe hypersensitivity to methotrexate ( 4 )
Description
General information about the drug product, including the proprietary and established name of the drug, the type of dosage form and route of administration to which the label applies, qualitative and quantitative ingredient information, the pharmacologic or therapeutic class of the drug, and the chemical name and structural formula of the drug.11 DESCRIPTION Methotrexate is dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor with the chemical name of N-[4-[[(2,4 diamino-6-pteridinyl) methyl]methylamino]benzoyl]-L glutamic acid. The molecular formula is C 20 H 22 N 8 O 5 and the molecular weight is 454.4 g/mol. The structural formula is: Methotrexate Tablets, USP for oral use are available in bottles of 100 tablets. Each methotrexate tablet contains 2.5 mg methotrexate equivalent to 2.74 mg methotrexate sodium and the following inactive ingredients: colloidal silicon dioxide, FD&C Red No. 40 Aluminum Lake, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, pregelatinized starch (corn), sodium carbonate (monohydrate), sodium lauryl sulfate and sodium starch glycolate (potato). Methotrexate Structural Formula
Dosage and administration
Information about the drug product’s dosage and administration recommendations, including starting dose, dose range, titration regimens, and any other clinically sigificant information that affects dosing recommendations.2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION Instruct patients and caregivers to take the recommended dosage as directed, because medication errors have led to deaths. ( 2.1 , 5.9 ) Verify pregnancy status in females of reproductive potential before starting methotrexate tablets ( 4 , 5.1 ). ALL : The recommended dosage is 20 mg/m 2 orally once weekly as a part of a combination chemotherapy maintenance regimen. ( 2.2 ) Mycosis fungoides : The recommended dosage is 25 to 75 mg orally once weekly as monotherapy; 10 mg/m 2 orally twice weekly as part of combination chemotherapy. ( 2.2 ) Relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma : The recommended dosage is 2.5 mg orally two to four times per week as part of metronomic combination chemotherapy. ( 2.2 ) Rheumatoid Arthritis : The recommended starting dosage is 7.5 mg orally once weekly; adjust dose to achieve an optimal response ( 2.3 ) pJIA : The recommended starting dosage is 10 mg/m 2 orally once weekly; adjust dose to achieve an optimal response ( 2.4 ) Psoriasis : The recommended dosage is 10 to 25 mg orally once weekly until adequate response is achieved. ( 2.5 ) 2.1 Important Dosage and Safety Information Verify pregnancy status in females of reproductive potential before starting methotrexate tablets [see Contraindications (4) , Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] . Instruct patients and caregivers to take the recommended dosage as directed, because medication errors have led to deaths [see Warnings and Precautions (5.9) ] . When switching the dosing regimen from oral administration to intravenous, intramuscular, or subcutaneous administration, an alternative dosing regimen may be necessary. Do not administer to patients who are unable to swallow a tablet. Methotrexate tablets are a cytotoxic drug. Follow applicable special handling and disposal procedures. 1 2.2 Recommended Dosage for Neoplastic Diseases Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia The recommended starting dosage of methotrexate tablets is 20 mg/m 2 orally once weekly, as part of a combination chemotherapy maintenance regimen. After initiating methotrexate tablets, periodically monitor absolute neutrophil count (ANC) and platelet count and adjust the dose to maintain ANC at a desirable level and for excessive myelosuppression. Mycosis Fungoides The recommended dosage of methotrexate tablets is 25 to 75 mg orally once weekly when administered as a single agent or 10 mg/m 2 orally twice weekly as part of a combination chemotherapy regimen. Relapsed or Refractory Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas The recommended dosage of methotrexate tablets is 2.5 mg orally 2 to 4 times per week (maximum 10 mg per week) as part of a metronomic combination chemotherapy regimen. 2.3 Recommended Dosage for Rheumatoid Arthritis The recommended starting dosage of methotrexate tablets is 7.5 mg orally once weekly with escalation to achieve optimal response. Dosages of more than 20 mg once weekly result in an increased risk of serious adverse reactions, including myelosuppression. When responses are observed, the majority occurred between 3 and 6 weeks from initiation of treatment; however, responses have occurred up to 12 weeks after treatment initiation. Administer folic acid or folinic acid to reduce the risk of methotrexate adverse reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.10) ]. 2.4 Recommended Dosage for Polyarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis The recommended starting dosage of methotrexate tablets is 10 mg/m 2 orally once weekly with escalation to achieve optimal response. Dosages of more than 30 mg/m 2 once weekly result in an increased risk of serious adverse reactions, including myelosuppression. When responses are observed, the majority occurred between 3 and 6 weeks from initiation of treatment; however, responses have occurred up to 12 weeks after treatment initiation. Administer folic acid or folinic acid to reduce the risk of methotrexate adverse reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.10) ]. 2.5 Recommended Dosage for Psoriasis The recommended dosage of methotrexate tablets is 10 to 25 mg orally once weekly until an adequate response is achieved. Adjust the dose gradually to achieve optimal clinical response; do not exceed a dose of 30 mg per week. Once optimal clinical response has been achieved, reduce the dosage to the lowest possible dosing regimen. Administer folic acid or folinic acid supplementation to reduce the risk of methotrexate adverse reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.10) ] . 2.6 Dosage Modifications for Adverse Reactions Discontinue methotrexate tablets for: Anaphylaxis or other severe hypersensitivity reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] Lymphoproliferative disease [see Warnings and Precautions (5.13) ] Withhold, dose reduce or discontinue methotrexate tablets as appropriate for: Myelosuppression [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ] Withhold or discontinue methotrexate tablets as appropriate for: Severe gastrointestinal toxicity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4) ] Hepatotoxicity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5) ] Pulmonary toxicity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6) ] Severe dermatologic reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7) ] Severe renal toxicity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8) ] Serious infections [see Warnings and Precautions (5.11) ] Neurotoxicity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.12) ]
Dosage forms and strengths
Information about all available dosage forms and strengths for the drug product to which the labeling applies. This field may contain descriptions of product appearance.3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS Methotrexate Tablets, USP are available containing 2.5 mg methotrexate, USP equivalent to 2.74 mg methotrexate sodium. The 2.5 mg tablets are orange, round, scored tablets debossed with M above the score and 14 below the score on one side of the tablet and blank on the other side of the tablet. Tablets: 2.5 mg ( 3 )
Indications and usage
A statement of each of the drug products indications for use, such as for the treatment, prevention, mitigation, cure, or diagnosis of a disease or condition, or of a manifestation of a recognized disease or condition, or for the relief of symptoms associated with a recognized disease or condition. This field may also describe any relevant limitations of use.1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Methotrexate tablets are a dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor indicated for the: Treatment of adults and pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) as part of a combination chemotherapy maintenance regimen ( 1.1 ) Treatment of adults with mycosis fungoides ( 1.1 ) Treatment of adults with relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma as part of a metronomic combination regimen ( 1.1 ) Treatment of adults with rheumatoid arthritis ( 1.2 ) Treatment of pediatric patients with polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (pJIA) ( 1.3 ) Treatment of adults with severe psoriasis ( 1.4 ) 1.1 Neoplastic Diseases Methotrexate tablets are indicated for the: treatment of adults and pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) as part of a combination chemotherapy maintenance regimen. treatment of adults with mycosis fungoides (cutaneous T-cell lymphoma) as a single agent or as part of a combination chemotherapy regimen. treatment of adults with relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin lymphomas as part of a metronomic combination chemotherapy regimen. 1.2 Rheumatoid Arthritis Methotrexate tablets are indicated for the treatment of adults with rheumatoid arthritis. 1.3 Polyarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Methotrexate tablets are indicated for the treatment of pediatric patients with polyarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (pJIA). 1.4 Psoriasis Methotrexate tablets are indicated for the treatment of adults with severe psoriasis.
Spl product data elements
Usually a list of ingredients in a drug product.Methotrexate methotrexate SILICON DIOXIDE LACTOSE MONOHYDRATE MAGNESIUM STEARATE MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE 101 STARCH, CORN SODIUM CARBONATE MONOHYDRATE SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE SODIUM STARCH GLYCOLATE TYPE A POTATO FD&C RED NO. 40 METHOTREXATE SODIUM METHOTREXATE M;14
Carcinogenesis and mutagenesis and impairment of fertility
Information about carcinogenic, mutagenic, or fertility impairment potential revealed by studies in animals. Information from human data about such potential is part of the warnings field.13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility Methotrexate has been evaluated in a number of animal studies for carcinogenic potential with inconclusive results. There is evidence that methotrexate causes chromosomal damage to animal somatic cells and human bone marrow cells.
Nonclinical toxicology
Information about toxicology in non-human subjects.13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY 13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility Methotrexate has been evaluated in a number of animal studies for carcinogenic potential with inconclusive results. There is evidence that methotrexate causes chromosomal damage to animal somatic cells and human bone marrow cells.
Package label principal display panel
The content of the principal display panel of the product package, usually including the product’s name, dosage forms, and other key information about the drug product.PACKAGE/LABEL PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL NDC 51079-670-05 Methotrexate Tablets, USP 2.5 mg 20 Tablets (2 x 10) Caution: Cytotoxic Agent Each tablet contains 2.5 mg methotrexate, USP equivalent to 2.74 mg methotrexate sodium. Store at 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F). [See USP Controlled Room Temperature.] Protect from light. Recommended Dosage: See accompanying prescribing information and Patient Information Leaflet. Manufactured for: Mylan Pharmaceuticals Inc. Morgantown, WV 26505 U.S.A. Made in Puerto Rico Rx only S-10757 R6 Distributed by: Mylan Institutional Inc. Rockford, IL 61103 U.S.A. This unit dose package is not child resistant. For institutional use only. Keep this and all drugs out of the reach of children. This container provides light-resistance. See window for lot number and expiration date. Methotrexate Tablets, USP 2.5 mg Unit Carton Label Serialized Unit Carton
methotrexate: Information for patients
Information necessary for patients to use the drug safely and effectively, such as precautions concerning driving or the concomitant use of other substances that may have harmful additive effects.17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION Advise the patient to read the FDA-approved patient labeling ( Patient Information ). Embryo-Fetal Toxicity Advise females of reproductive potential of the potential risk to a fetus and to inform their healthcare provider of a known or suspected pregnancy [see Contraindications (4) , Warnings and Precautions (5.1) , Use in Specific Populations (8.1) ]. Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with methotrexate tablets and for 6 months after the final dose [see Use in Specific Populations (8.3) ]. Advise males of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with methotrexate tablets and for 3 months after the final dose [see Use in Specific Populations (8.3) ]. Hypersensitivity Reactions: Advise patients and their caregivers of the potential risk of hypersensitivity and that methotrexate tablets are contraindicated in patients with a history of hypersensitivity reactions to methotrexate. Instruct patients to seek immediate medical attention for signs of a hypersensitivity reaction [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ]. Myelosuppression and Serious Infections: Inform patients and their caregivers that methotrexate tablets can cause myelosuppression and the need for frequent monitoring of blood cell counts. Advise patients and their caregivers to immediately report new onset fever, symptoms of infection, easy bruising or persistent bleeding to their healthcare provider [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3 , 5.11) ]. Gastrointestinal Toxicity: Advise patients and their caregivers to report new or worsening diarrhea, vomiting, or stomatitis to their healthcare provider. Advise patients to immediately contact their healthcare provider for high fever, rigors, persistent or severe abdominal pain, severe constipation, hematemesis, or melena [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4) ]. Hepatotoxicity: Advise patients and their caregivers to report signs or symptoms of hepatic toxicity to their healthcare provider [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5) ]. Pulmonary Toxicity: Advise patients and their caregivers to report new or worsening cough, fever, or dyspnea to their healthcare provider [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6) ]. Dermatologic Reactions: Advise patients and their caregivers that methotrexate tablets can cause serious skin rash and to immediately contact their healthcare provider for new or worsening skin rash. Advise patients and their caregivers to avoid excessive sun exposure and use sun protection measures [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7) ]. Renal Toxicity: Advise patients and their caregivers to immediately contact their healthcare provider for signs or symptoms of renal toxicity, such as marked increases or decreases in urinary output [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8) ]. Risk of Serious Adverse Reactions with Medication Error: For patients who are prescribed a once weekly dosing regimen, advise patients and caregivers that the recommended dosage is to be taken once weekly as a single dose and that mistakenly taking the recommended weekly dosage once daily has led to fatal adverse reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.9) ]. Neurotoxicity: Advise patients and their caregivers to report new neurological signs or symptoms to their healthcare provider [see Warnings and Precautions (5.12) ]. Secondary Malignancies: Advise patients on the risk of second primary malignancies during treatment with methotrexate tablets [see Warnings and Precautions (5.13) ]. Lactation: Instruct women not to breastfeed during treatment with methotrexate tablets and for 1 week after the final dose [see Use in Specific Populations (8.2) ]. Infertility: Advise females and males of reproductive potential that methotrexate may impair fertility [see Warnings and Precautions (5.16) , Use in Specific Populations (8.3) ]. Drug Interactions: Advise patients and caregivers to inform their healthcare provider of all concomitant medications, including prescription medicines, over-the-counter drugs, vitamins, and herbal products [see Drug Interactions (7) ].
Spl patient package insert
Information necessary for patients to use the drug safely and effectively.Patient Information Methotrexate Tablets, USP (meth" oh trex' ate) What is the most important information I should know about methotrexate tablets? Methotrexate tablets can cause serious side effects that may be severe and lead to death, including: Harm to an unborn baby, including birth defects or death of an unborn baby. Females who can become pregnant: Your healthcare provider should do a pregnancy test before you start taking methotrexate tablets to see if you are pregnant. If you are being treated for a medical condition other than cancer, do not take methotrexate tablets if you are pregnant. See “Who should not take methotrexate tablets?” If you are taking methotrexate tablets to treat your cancer, you and your healthcare provider will decide if you will take methotrexate tablets if you are pregnant. Use effective birth control (contraception) during treatment and for 6 months after your final dose of methotrexate tablets. Ask your healthcare provider what forms of birth control you can use during this time. Tell your healthcare provider right away if you become pregnant or think you are pregnant during treatment with methotrexate tablets. Males with female partners who are able to become pregnant: Use effective birth control during treatment and for 3 months after your final dose of methotrexate tablets. Tell your healthcare provider right away if your female partner becomes pregnant during treatment with methotrexate tablets. Severe allergic reactions . Severe allergic reactions can happen with methotrexate tablets. Signs and symptoms of a severe allergic reaction may include: skin rash, itching and hives swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat dizziness trouble breathing wheezing fast heart rate feeling faint stomach-area pain vomiting or diarrhea Do not take methotrexate tablets if you have had a severe allergic reaction to methotrexate in the past. Get medical help right away if you develop any of the signs or symptoms of a severe allergic reaction listed above. Decreased blood cell counts. Methotrexate tablets can affect your bone marrow and cause decreases in red blood counts, white blood cell counts, and platelets that can be severe and life-threatening. Your healthcare provider will check your blood cell counts when you start and during treatment with methotrexate tablets. Call your healthcare provider right away if you develop any of the following: a new fever symptoms of infection Easy bruising or bleeding that will not stop (persistent bleeding) Severe stomach and intestine problems (gastrointestinal) problems. Diarrhea, vomiting, nausea, and mouth sores can happen in people who take methotrexate tablets. Inflammation of the intestine with severe bleeding and a tear in the intestinal wall (perforation) have happened with methotrexate tablets and cause death. People who have stomach ulcers (peptic ulcer disease) or ulcerative colitis (UC) have a greater risk of developing severe stomach or intestine problems with methotrexate tablets. Tell your healthcare provider if you develop new or worsening diarrhea, vomiting, or mouth sores during treatment with methotrexate tablets. Tell your healthcare provider right away if you develop high fever, shaking chills (rigors), pain in your stomach-area (abdomen) that will not go away or is severe, severe constipation, if you are vomiting blood or have blood in your stools. Liver problems. Methotrexate tablets can cause severe liver problems including liver scarring (fibrosis), cirrhosis, and liver failure that may not get better (possibly irreversible) and can cause death. In people with psoriasis who take methotrexate tablets, liver fibrosis or cirrhosis may happen without any symptoms or abnormal liver tests. The risk for liver problems in people with psoriasis increases as with the amount of methotrexate tablets that you take over time. Your healthcare provider will do tests to monitor your liver function before you start and during treatment with methotrexate tablets. Tell your healthcare provider if you have any signs or symptoms of liver problems during treatment with methotrexate tablets, including: tiredness easy bleeding or bruising loss of appetite nausea difficulty thinking clearly swelling in your legs, feet or ankles weight loss itchy skin yellowing of your skin or the white part of your eyes weakness Lung problems. Lung problems can happen suddenly (acute) with methotrexate tablets or they can develop over a long period-of-time (chronic). Lung problems may not get better (possibly irreversible) and can cause death. Tell your healthcare provider if you have any new or worsening symptoms including: cough (especially a dry cough), fever, or trouble breathing. Severe skin reactions. Severe skin reactions can happen with methotrexate tablets and can lead to death. In people with psoriasis: Your psoriasis may get worse if you are exposed to sunlight or other types of ultraviolet light. Methotrexate tablets can cause reactivation of skin reactions that can happen after radiation therapy (radiation recall dermatitis) and cause sunburn to come back (photodermatitis). Limit sunlight exposure during treatment with methotrexate tablets. Use sunscreen and wear protective clothing when you will be exposed to sunlight during treatment with methotrexate tablets. Tell your healthcare provider right away about any new or worsening skin rash during treatment with methotrexate tablets. Kidney problems. Kidney problems can happen with methotrexate tablets, including kidney failure which can happen suddenly (acute) and may not go away (irreversible). Your healthcare provider will check your kidney function before you start and during treatment with methotrexate tablets. Tell your healthcare provider right away if you have any signs or symptoms of kidney problems, including: a big change (either increase or decrease) in the amount of urine you produce swelling in your legs, ankles or feet shortness of breath tiredness weight gain See “What are the possible side effects of methotrexate tablets” for more information about side effects. What are methotrexate tablets? Methotrexate tablets are a prescription medicine used: in combination with other chemotherapy medicines in adults and children, for maintenance treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) to treat adults with mycosis fungoides (cutaneous T-cell lymphoma) in combination with other therapies to treat adults with non-Hodgkin lymphoma that has come back (relapsed) or did not respond to previous treatment (refractory) to treat adults with rheumatoid arthritis to treat children with polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (pJIA) to treat adults with severe psoriasis It is not known if methotrexate tablets are safe and effective in treating children with any disease other than ALL as part of a combination regimen used for maintenance therapy of their cancer, and for the treatment of pJIA. It is not known if methotrexate tablets are safe in people with liver problems. Do not take methotrexate tablets if you: are pregnant and are being treated or will be treated with methotrexate tablets for rheumatoid arthritis, pJIA, or severe psoriasis or for any disease other than cancer). Methotrexate tablets can cause harm to an unborn baby, including birth defects or death of an unborn baby. See “What is the most important information I should know about methotrexate tablets?” have or had a severe allergic reaction to methotrexate in the past. See “What is the most important information I should know about methotrexate tablets?” See the end of this leaflet for a complete list of ingredients in methotrexate tablets. Before taking methotrexate tablets tell your healthcare provider about all of your medical conditions, including if you: have problems swallowing tablets have kidney problems or are receiving dialysis treatments have liver problems drink alcohol-containing beverages and, during treatment with methotrexate tablets, if there are any changes in the amount of alcoholic beverages you drink have fluid in your stomach-area (ascites) have lung problems or fluid in your lungs (pleural effusion) plan to have any surgeries with general anesthesia, including dental surgery have stomach ulcers (peptic ulcer disease) have ulcerative colitis have recently received or are scheduled to receive a vaccine. You should not receive live vaccines during treatment with methotrexate tablets. are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. Methotrexate may pass into your breast milk. Do not breastfeed during treatment and for 1 week after your last dose of methotrexate tablets. Tell your healthcare provider about all the medicines you take , including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins and herbal supplements. Methotrexate tablets and certain other medicines can affect each other and cause serious side effects. Do not start or change any medicines unless you have talked to your doctor and your doctor has told you it is safe. Know all the medicines that you take and keep a list of them with you at all times to show doctors and pharmacists. How should I take methotrexate tablets? Take methotrexate tablets exactly as prescribed by your healthcare provider. Your dose of methotrexate tablets and when you take them will depend on the condition that is being treated. Do not take more methotrexate tablets than prescribed. Do not change your dose of methotrexate tablets unless your healthcare provider tells you to. Taking more methotrexate tablets than prescribed or taking methotrexate tablets more often than prescribed, can lead to severe side effects and cause death. If you take too many methotrexate tablets call your healthcare provider or go to your nearest hospital emergency room right way. You will need to receive a medicine as soon as possible to help reduce side effects that could be severe and could cause death. If you miss taking a dose of methotrexate tablets, call your healthcare provider for instructions about when to take your next dose of methotrexate tablets. If you are taking methotrexate tablets for treatment of severe psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, or polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis: Take your methotrexate tablets dose 1 time each week, not every day. Severe side effects and death have happened in people who mistakenly have taken methotrexate tablets every day instead of 1 time each week. Take a folic acid or folinic acid supplement every day during treatment with methotrexate tablets , as instructed by your healthcare provider, to help reduce the chance of developing certain side effects, such as mouth sores. If you are taking methotrexate tablets to treat your cancer: Follow your healthcare provider’s instructions about how many methotrexate tablets to take and when to take them. Do not take folic acid or folinic acid during treatment with methotrexate tablets unless your healthcare provider tells you to. Taking folic acid or folinic acid with methotrexate tablets may make your methotrexate tablet treatment less effective. What are the possible side effects of methotrexate tablets? Methotrexate tablets can cause serious side effects that may be severe and lead to death including: See “What is the most important information I should know about methotrexate tablets?” Serious infections. People who take methotrexate tablets have an increased risk of developing infections that can be life-threatening or cause death. These infections may include: bacterial, fungal, or viral infections, including Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia, invasive fungal infections, hepatitis B infection that comes back (reactivation), tuberculosis infection that may be new or reactivation, and Herpes zoster or cytomegalovirus (CMV) that spreads throughout the body (disseminated). Tell your healthcare provider right away if you develop a new fever or if you have any symptoms of infection during treatment with methotrexate tablets . Brain and spinal cord (nervous system) problems . Methotrexate tablets can cause nervous system problems that can be severe and last for a short time or last for a long time. These nervous system problems can get progressively worse, may not get better (irreversible), and can cause death. The risk for a certain nervous system problem called leukoencephalopathy is increased in people who have had radiation treatment to their head (cranial radiation) in the past. Tell your healthcare provider about any new nervous system symptoms that you develop during treatment with methotrexate tablets. Secondary cancers. Secondary (new) cancers can happen in people who take methotrexate tablets. In people with psoriasis, the risk of new skin cancers is increased with methotrexate tablets and further increased if you take the medicine cyclosporine after receiving treatment with methotrexate tablets. Certain blood cancers can happen during treatment with methotrexate tablets. In some cases, these blood cancers may completely go away (regress completely) after methotrexate tablets are stopped. Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS). TLS is caused by the fast breakdown of cancer cells. TLS can cause kidney failure and the need for dialysis treatment, abnormal heart rhythm, seizure, and sometimes death. Your healthcare provider may do blood tests to check you for TLS if you are receiving methotrexate tablets as a cancer treatment. Possible fertility problems (infertility) in males and females . Methotrexate tablets can cause fertility problems in males and females, and can cause sperm production to stop in males, and menstrual problems in females. Males may not be able to father a child. Females may not be able to become pregnant. It is not known if your fertility may return. Talk with your healthcare provider about your risk for infertility if this is a concern for you. The most common side effects of methotrexate tablets include: mouth sores low white blood cells. See “What is the most important information I should know about methotrexate tablets?” nausea, upset stomach These are not all the side effects of methotrexate tablets. Ask your healthcare provider or pharmacist for more information. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800- FDA-1088. How should I store methotrexate tablets? Store methotrexate tablets at 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F). Keep methotrexate tablets away from light. Keep methotrexate tablets and all medicines out of the reach of children. General information about the safe and effective use of methotrexate tablets. Medicines are sometimes prescribed for purposes other than those listed in a Patient Information leaflet. Do not use methotrexate tablets for a condition for which they were not prescribed. Do not give methotrexate tablets to other people, even if they have the same symptoms that you have. They may harm them. This leaflet summarizes the most important information about methotrexate tablets. If you would like more information, talk with your healthcare provider. You can ask your pharmacist or healthcare provider for information about methotrexate tablets that is written for healthcare professionals. What are the ingredients in methotrexate tablets? Active Ingredient: methotrexate Inactive Ingredients: colloidal silicon dioxide, FD&C Red No. 40 Aluminum Lake, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, pregelatinized starch (corn), sodium carbonate (monohydrate), sodium lauryl sulfate and sodium starch glycolate (potato). Manufactured for: Mylan Pharmaceuticals Inc., Morgantown, WV 26505 U.S.A. For additional information contact Mylan at 1-877-446-3679 (1-877-4-INFO-RX). This Patient Information has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Manufactured for: Mylan Pharmaceuticals Inc. Morgantown, WV 26505 U.S.A. Manufactured by: Auro PR Inc. RD 156 Caguas West Industrial Park, Lot 24 Caguas, PR 00725 U.S.A. Distributed by: Mylan Institutional Inc. Rockford, IL 61103 U.S.A. S-12021 R5 10/22
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References
This field may contain references when prescription drug labeling must summarize or otherwise relay on a recommendation by an authoritative scientific body, or on a standardized methodology, scale, or technique, because the information is important to prescribing decisions.15 REFERENCES “OSHA Hazardous Drugs.” OSHA. http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/hazardousdrugs/index.html.
Geriatric use
Information about any limitations on any geriatric indications, needs for specific monitoring, hazards associated with use of the drug in the geriatric population.8.5 Geriatric Use Clinical studies of methotrexate did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects.
Pediatric use
Information about any limitations on any pediatric indications, needs for specific monitoring, hazards associated with use of the drug in any subsets of the pediatric population (such as neonates, infants, children, or adolescents), differences between pediatric and adult responses to the drug, and other information related to the safe and effective pediatric use of the drug.8.4 Pediatric Use The safety and effectiveness of methotrexate tablets in pediatric patients have been established for the treatment of ALL as part of the combination chemotherapy maintenance regimen and the treatment of pJIA [see Indications and Usage (1) , Dosage and Administration (2) ]. No new safety signals have been observed in pediatric patients in clinical studies [see Adverse Reactions (6.1) ]. The safety and effectiveness of methotrexate tablets have not been established in pediatric patients for the other indications [see Indications and Usage (1) ].
Pregnancy
Information about effects the drug may have on pregnant women or on a fetus. This field may be ommitted if the drug is not absorbed systemically and the drug is not known to have a potential for indirect harm to the fetus. It may contain information about the established pregnancy category classification for the drug. (That information is nominally listed in the teratogenic_effects field, but may be listed here instead.)8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary Methotrexate tablets are contraindicated in pregnant women with non-neoplastic diseases [see Contraindications (4) ]. Based on published reports and its mechanism of action [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.1) ], methotrexate can cause embryo-fetal toxicity and fetal death when administered to a pregnant woman. There are no animal data that meet current standards for nonclinical developmental toxicity studies. Advise pregnant women with neoplastic diseases of the potential risk to a fetus. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively. Data Human Data Published data from case reports, literature reviews, and observational studies report that methotrexate exposure during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of embryo-fetal toxicity and fetal death. Methotrexate exposure during the first trimester of pregnancy is associated with an increased incidence of spontaneous abortions and multiple adverse developmental outcomes, including skull anomalies, facial dysmorphism, central nervous system abnormalities, limb abnormalities, and sometimes cardiac anomalies and intellectual impairment. Adverse outcomes associated with exposure during second and third trimesters of pregnancy include intrauterine growth restriction and functional abnormalities. Because methotrexate is widely distributed and persists in the body for a prolonged period, there is a potential risk to the fetus from preconception methotrexate exposure. A prospective multicenter study evaluated pregnancy outcomes in women taking methotrexate less than or equal to 30 mg/week after conception. The rate of spontaneous abortion and miscarriage in pregnant women exposed to methotrexate was 42% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 29, 59), which was higher than in unexposed patients with autoimmune disease (22%; 95% CI: 17, 30) and unexposed patients with nonautoimmune disease (17%; 95% CI: 13, 23). Of the live births, the rate of major birth defects in pregnant women exposed to methotrexate after conception was higher than in unexposed patients with autoimmune disease (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.8 [95% CI: 0.6, 6]) and unexposed patients with non-autoimmune disease (adjusted OR 3.1 [95% CI: 1, 10]) (2.9%). Major birth defects associated with pregnancies exposed to methotrexate after conception were not always consistent with methotrexate-associated adverse developmental outcomes.
Use in specific populations
Information about use of the drug by patients in specific populations, including pregnant women and nursing mothers, pediatric patients, and geriatric patients.8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS Lactation : Instruct not to breastfeed. ( 8.2 ) 8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary Methotrexate tablets are contraindicated in pregnant women with non-neoplastic diseases [see Contraindications (4) ]. Based on published reports and its mechanism of action [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.1) ], methotrexate can cause embryo-fetal toxicity and fetal death when administered to a pregnant woman. There are no animal data that meet current standards for nonclinical developmental toxicity studies. Advise pregnant women with neoplastic diseases of the potential risk to a fetus. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively. Data Human Data Published data from case reports, literature reviews, and observational studies report that methotrexate exposure during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of embryo-fetal toxicity and fetal death. Methotrexate exposure during the first trimester of pregnancy is associated with an increased incidence of spontaneous abortions and multiple adverse developmental outcomes, including skull anomalies, facial dysmorphism, central nervous system abnormalities, limb abnormalities, and sometimes cardiac anomalies and intellectual impairment. Adverse outcomes associated with exposure during second and third trimesters of pregnancy include intrauterine growth restriction and functional abnormalities. Because methotrexate is widely distributed and persists in the body for a prolonged period, there is a potential risk to the fetus from preconception methotrexate exposure. A prospective multicenter study evaluated pregnancy outcomes in women taking methotrexate less than or equal to 30 mg/week after conception. The rate of spontaneous abortion and miscarriage in pregnant women exposed to methotrexate was 42% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 29, 59), which was higher than in unexposed patients with autoimmune disease (22%; 95% CI: 17, 30) and unexposed patients with nonautoimmune disease (17%; 95% CI: 13, 23). Of the live births, the rate of major birth defects in pregnant women exposed to methotrexate after conception was higher than in unexposed patients with autoimmune disease (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.8 [95% CI: 0.6, 6]) and unexposed patients with non-autoimmune disease (adjusted OR 3.1 [95% CI: 1, 10]) (2.9%). Major birth defects associated with pregnancies exposed to methotrexate after conception were not always consistent with methotrexate-associated adverse developmental outcomes. 8.2 Lactation Risk Summary Limited published literature report the presence of methotrexate in human milk in low amounts, with the highest breast milk to plasma concentration ratio reported to be 0.08:1. There are no data on the effects of methotrexate or its metabolites on the breastfed child or their effects on milk production. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in a breastfed child, instruct women not to breastfeed during treatment with methotrexate tablets and for 1 week after the final dose. 8.3 Females and Males of Reproductive Potential Methotrexate can cause malformations and fetal death at doses less than or equal to the recommended clinical doses [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1) ]. Pregnancy Testing Verify the pregnancy status of females of reproductive potential prior to initiating methotrexate tablets [see Contraindications (4) , Use in Specific Populations (8.1) ]. Contraception Females Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with methotrexate tablets and for 6 months after the final dose. Males Methotrexate can cause chromosomal damage to sperm cells. Advise males with female partners of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with methotrexate tablets and for 3 months after the final dose. Infertility Females Based on published reports of female infertility after methotrexate, advise females of reproductive potential that methotrexate can cause impairment of fertility and menstrual dysfunction during treatment with methotrexate tablets and after the final dose. It is not known if the infertility may be reversed in all affected females. Males Based on published reports of male infertility after methotrexate, advise males that methotrexate can cause oligospermia or infertility during treatment with methotrexate tablets and after the final dose. It is not known if the infertility may be reversed in all affected males. 8.4 Pediatric Use The safety and effectiveness of methotrexate tablets in pediatric patients have been established for the treatment of ALL as part of the combination chemotherapy maintenance regimen and the treatment of pJIA [see Indications and Usage (1) , Dosage and Administration (2) ]. No new safety signals have been observed in pediatric patients in clinical studies [see Adverse Reactions (6.1) ]. The safety and effectiveness of methotrexate tablets have not been established in pediatric patients for the other indications [see Indications and Usage (1) ]. 8.5 Geriatric Use Clinical studies of methotrexate did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. 8.6 Renal Impairment Methotrexate elimination is reduced in patients with renal impairment [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ]. Patients with renal impairment are at increased risk for methotrexate adverse reactions. Closely monitor patients with renal impairment [creatinine clearance (CLcr) less than 90 mL/min, Cockcroft-Gault] for adverse reactions. Reduce the dosage or discontinue methotrexate tablets as appropriate [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8) ]. 8.7 Hepatic Impairment The pharmacokinetics and safety of methotrexate in patients with hepatic impairment is unknown. Patients with hepatic impairment may be at increased risk for methotrexate adverse reactions based on the elimination characteristics of methotrexate [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ]. Closely monitor patients with hepatic impairment for adverse reactions. Reduce the dosage or discontinue methotrexate tablets as appropriate [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5) ] .
How supplied
Information about the available dosage forms to which the labeling applies, and for which the manufacturer or distributor is responsible. This field ordinarily includes the strength of the dosage form (in metric units), the units in which the dosage form is available for prescribing, appropriate information to facilitate identification of the dosage forms (such as shape, color, coating, scoring, and National Drug Code), and special handling and storage condition information.16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING Methotrexate Tablets, USP are available containing 2.5 mg methotrexate, USP equivalent to 2.74 mg methotrexate sodium. The 2.5 mg tablets are orange, round, scored tablets debossed with M above the score and 14 below the score on one side of the tablet and blank on the other side of the tablet. They are available as follows: NDC 51079-670-05 – Unit dose blister packages of 20 (2 cards of 10 tablets each). Store at 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F). [See USP Controlled Room Temperature.] Protect from light. Methotrexate tablets are a cytotoxic drug. Follow applicable special handling and disposal procedures. 1
Boxed warning
Information about contraindications or serious warnings, particularly those that may lead to death or serious injury.WARNING: EMBRYO-FETAL TOXICITY, HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS AND SEVERE ADVERSE REACTIONS Methotrexate tablets can cause embryo-fetal toxicity, including fetal death. For non-neoplastic diseases, methotrexate tablets are contraindicated in pregnancy. For neoplastic diseases, advise females and males of reproductive potential to use effective contraception [see Contraindications (4) , Warnings and Precautions (5.1) , Use in Specific Populations (8.1 , 8.3) ] . Methotrexate tablets are contraindicated in patients with a history of severe hypersensitivity reactions to methotrexate, including anaphylaxis [see Contraindications (4) , Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] . Serious adverse reactions, including death, have been reported with methotrexate. Closely monitor for adverse reactions of the bone marrow, gastrointestinal tract, liver, lungs, skin, and kidneys. Withhold or discontinue methotrexate tablets as appropriate [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3 , 5.4 , 5.5 , 5.6 , 5.7 , 5.8) ] . WARNING: EMBRYO-FETAL TOXICITY, HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS, and SEVERE ADVERSE REACTIONS See full prescribing information for complete boxed warning. Methotrexate tablets can cause embryo-fetal toxicity, including fetal death. For non-neoplastic diseases, methotrexate tablets are contraindicated in pregnancy. For neoplastic diseases, advise patients of reproductive potential of the potential risk to a fetus and to use effective contraception ( 4 , 5.1 , 8.1 , 8.3 ). Methotrexate tablets are contraindicated in patients with a history of severe hypersensitivity reactions to methotrexate, including anaphylaxis ( 4 , 5.2 ). Serious adverse reactions, including death, have been reported with methotrexate. Closely monitor for adverse reactions of the bone marrow, gastrointestinal tract, liver, lungs, skin, and kidneys. Withhold or discontinue methotrexate tablets as appropriate ( 5.3 , 5.4 , 5.5 , 5.6 , 5.7 , 5.8 ).
Disclaimer: Do not rely on openFDA or Phanrmacy Near Me to make decisions regarding medical care. While we make every effort to ensure that data is accurate, you should assume all results are unvalidated. Source: OpenFDA, Healthporta Drugs API