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| Product NDC Code | 47335-624 | ||||||||
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| Drug Name | Aspruzyo sprinkle |
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| Type | Brand | ||||||||
| Pharm Class | Anti-anginal [EPC], Cytochrome P450 2D6 Inhibitors [MoA], Cytochrome P450 3A Inhibitors [MoA], Organic Cation Transporter 2 Inhibitors [MoA], P-Glycoprotein Inhibitors [MoA] |
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| Active Ingredients |
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| Route | ORAL | ||||||||
| Dosage Form | GRANULE | ||||||||
| RxCUI drug identifier | 2594753, 2594759, 2594760, 2594762 |
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| Application Number | NDA216018 | ||||||||
| Labeler Name | SUN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES, INC. | ||||||||
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| Check if available Online | Get Medication Prices online with Discount |
Overdosage of ASPRUZYO SPRINKLE
Information about signs, symptoms, and laboratory findings of acute ovedosage and the general principles of overdose treatment.10 OVERDOSAGE Hypotension, QT prolongation, bradycardia, myoclonic activity, severe tremor, unsteady gait/incoordination, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, dysphasia, and hallucinations have been seen in cases of oral overdose of ranolazine. In cases of extreme overdose of ranolazine fatal outcomes have been reported. In clinical studies, high intravenous exposure resulted in diplopia, paresthesia, confusion, and syncope. In addition to general supportive measures, continuous ECG monitoring may be warranted in the event of overdose. Since ranolazine is about 62% bound to plasma proteins, hemodialysis is unlikely to be effective in clearing ranolazine.
Adverse reactions
Information about undesirable effects, reasonably associated with use of the drug, that may occur as part of the pharmacological action of the drug or may be unpredictable in its occurrence. Adverse reactions include those that occur with the drug, and if applicable, with drugs in the same pharmacologically active and chemically related class. There is considerable variation in the listing of adverse reactions. They may be categorized by organ system, by severity of reaction, by frequency, by toxicological mechanism, or by a combination of these.6 ADVERSE REACTIONS Most common adverse reactions (> 4% and more common than with placebo) are dizziness, headache, constipation, nausea. (6.1) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Sun Pharmaceutical Industries, Inc. at 1-800-818-4555 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. 6.1 Clinical Trial Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. A total of 2018 patients with chronic angina were treated with ranolazine in controlled clinical trials. Of the patients treated with ranolazine, 1026 were enrolled in three double‑blind, placebo-controlled, randomized studies (CARISA, ERICA, MARISA) of up to 12 weeks' duration. In addition, upon study completion, 1251 patients received treatment with ranolazine in open-label, long-term studies; 1227 patients were exposed to ranolazine for more than 1 year, 613 patients for more than 2 years, 531 patients for more than 3 years, and 326 patients for more than 4 years. At recommended doses, about 6% of patients discontinued treatment with ranolazine because of an adverse event in controlled studies in angina patients compared to about 3% on placebo. The most common adverse events that led to discontinuation more frequently on ranolazine than placebo were dizziness (1.3% versus 0.1%), nausea (1% versus 0%), asthenia, constipation, and headache (each about 0.5% versus 0%). Doses above 1000 mg twice daily are poorly tolerated. In controlled clinical trials of angina patients, the most frequently reported treatment‑emergent adverse reactions (> 4% and more common on ranolazine than on placebo) were dizziness (6.2%), headache (5.5%), constipation (4.5%), and nausea (4.4%). Dizziness may be dose-related. In open-label, long-term treatment studies, a similar adverse reaction profile was observed. The following additional adverse reactions occurred at an incidence of 0.5 to 4.0% in patients treated with ranolazine and were more frequent than the incidence observed in placebo-treated patients: Cardiac Disorders- bradycardia, palpitations Ear and Labyrinth Disorders- tinnitus, vertigo Eye Disorders- blurred vision Gastrointestinal Disorders- abdominal pain, dry mouth, vomiting, dyspepsia General Disorders and Administrative Site Adverse Events- asthenia, peripheral edema Metabolism and Nutrition Disorders- anorexia Nervous System Disorders- syncope (vasovagal) Psychiatric Disorders- confusional state Renal and Urinary Disorders- hematuria Respiratory, Thoracic, and Mediastinal Disorders- dyspnea Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders- hyperhidrosis Vascular Disorders- hypotension, orthostatic hypotension Other (< 0.5%) but potentially medically important adverse reactions observed more frequently with ranolazine than placebo treatment in all controlled studies included: angioedema, renal failure, eosinophilia, chromaturia, blood urea increased, hypoesthesia, paresthesia, tremor, pulmonary fibrosis, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, and pancytopenia. A large clinical trial in acute coronary syndrome patients was unsuccessful in demonstrating a benefit for ranolazine, but there was no apparent proarrhythmic effect in these high-risk patients [see Clinical Studies (14.2)]. Laboratory Abnormalities : Ranolazine produces elevations of serum creatinine by 0.1 mg/dL, regardless of previous renal function, likely because of inhibition of creatinine's tubular secretion. In general, the elevation has a rapid onset, shows no signs of progression during long-term therapy, is reversible after discontinuation of ranolazine, and is not accompanied by changes in BUN. In healthy volunteers, ranolazine 1000 mg twice daily had no effect upon the glomerular filtration rate. More marked and progressive increases in serum creatinine, associated with increases in BUN or potassium, indicating acute renal failure, have been reported after initiation of ranolazine in patients with severe renal impairment [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2), Use in Specific Populations (8.7)]. 6.2 Post-marketing Experience The following adverse reactions have been identified during post-approval use of ranolazine. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure: Nervous System Disorders - Abnormal coordination, myoclonus, paresthesia, tremor, and other serious neurologic adverse events have been reported to occur, sometimes concurrently, in patients taking ranolazine. The onset of events was often associated with an increase in ranolazine dose or exposure. Many patients reported symptom resolution following drug discontinuation or dose decrease. Metabolism and Nutrition Disorders - Cases of hypoglycemia have been reported in diabetic patients on antidiabetic medication. Psychiatric Disorders - hallucination Renal and Urinary Disorders - dysuria, urinary retention Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders - angioedema, pruritus, rash
ASPRUZYO SPRINKLE Drug Interactions
Information about and practical guidance on preventing clinically significant drug/drug and drug/food interactions that may occur in people taking the drug.7 DRUG INTERACTIONS • Moderate CYP3A inhibitors (e.g., diltiazem, verapamil, erythromycin): Limit ASPRUZYO Sprinkle to 500 mg twice daily. (7.1) • P-gp inhibitors (e.g., cyclosporine): Ranolazine exposure increased. Titrate ASPRUZYO Sprinkle based on clinical response. (7.1) • CYP3A substrates: Limit simvastatin to 20 mg when used with ASPRUZYO Sprinkle. Doses of other sensitive CYP3A substrates (e.g., lovastatin) and CYP3A substrates with narrow therapeutic range (e.g., cyclosporine, tacrolimus, sirolimus) may need to be reduced with ASPRUZYO Sprinkle. (7.2) • OCT2 substrates: Limit the dose of metformin to 1700 mg daily when used with ASPRUZYO Sprinkle 1000 mg twice daily. Doses of other OCT2 substrates may require adjusted doses. (7.2) • Drugs transported by P-gp (e.g., digoxin), or drugs metabolized by CYP2D6 (e.g., tricyclic antidepressants) may need reduced doses when used with ASPRUZYO Sprinkle. (7.2) 7.1 Effects of Other Drugs on Ranolazine Strong CYP3A Inhibitors Concomitant use of ASPRUZYO Sprinkle with strong CYP3A inhibitors, including ketoconazole, itraconazole, clarithromycin, nefazodone, nelfinavir, ritonavir, indinavir, and saquinavir is contraindicated [see Contraindications (4), Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. Moderate CYP3A Inhibitors Limit the dose of ASPRUZYO Sprinkle to 500 mg twice daily in patients on moderate CYP3A inhibitors, including diltiazem, verapamil, erythromycin, fluconazole, and grapefruit juice or grapefruit-containing products [see Dosage and Administration (2.2), Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. P-gp Inhibitors Concomitant use of ASPRUZYO Sprinkle and P-gp inhibitors, such as cyclosporine, may result in increases in ranolazine concentrations. Titrate ASPRUZYO Sprinkle based on clinical response in patients concomitantly treated with predominant P-gp inhibitors such as cyclosporine [see Dosage and Administration (2.2)]. CYP3A Inducers Concomitant use of ASPRUZYO Sprinkle with CYP3A inducers such as rifampin, rifabutin, rifapentine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, carbamazepine, and St. John's wort is contraindicated [see Contraindications (4), Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. Alcohol An in-vitro dissolution study was conducted to evaluate the impact of alcohol on extended-release characteristics of ASPRUZYO Sprinkle. The in-vitro study showed that alcohol causes a rapid release of ranolazine from ASPRUZYO Sprinkle that may increase the risk of adverse events associated with ASPRUZYO Sprinkle. Patients should not consume alcohol when taking ASPRUZYO Sprinkle [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)] . 7.2 Effects of Ranolazine on Other Drugs Drugs Metabolized by CYP3A Limit the dose of simvastatin in patients on any dose of ASPRUZYO Sprinkle to 20 mg once daily, when ASPRUZYO Sprinkle is co-administered. Dose adjustment of other sensitive CYP3A substrates (e.g., lovastatin) and CYP3A substrates with a narrow therapeutic range (e.g., cyclosporine, tacrolimus, sirolimus) may be required as ASPRUZYO Sprinkle may increase plasma concentrations of these drugs [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. Drugs Transported by P-gp Concomitant use of ASPRUZYO Sprinkle and digoxin results in increased exposure to digoxin. The dose of digoxin may have to be adjusted [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. Drugs Metabolized by CYP2D6 The exposure to CYP2D6 substrates, such as tricyclic antidepressants and antipsychotics, may be increased during co-administration with ASPRUZYO Sprinkle, and lower doses of these drugs may be required. Drugs Transported by OCT2 In subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus, concomitant use of ASPRUZYO Sprinkle 1000 mg twice daily and metformin results in increased plasma levels of metformin. When ASPRUZYO Sprinkle 1000 mg twice daily is co-administered with metformin, metformin dose should not exceed 1700 mg/day. Monitor blood glucose levels and risks associated with high exposures of metformin. Metformin exposure was not significantly increased when given with ranolazine 500 mg twice daily [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
Clinical pharmacology
Information about the clinical pharmacology and actions of the drug in humans.12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY 12.1 Mechanism of Action The mechanism of action of ranolazine's antianginal effects has not been determined. Ranolazine has anti-ischemic and antianginal effects that do not depend upon reductions in heart rate or blood pressure. It does not affect the rate-pressure product, a measure of myocardial work, at maximal exercise. Ranolazine at therapeutic levels can inhibit the cardiac late sodium current (I Na ). However, the relationship of this inhibition to angina symptoms is uncertain. The QT prolongation effect of ranolazine on the surface electrocardiogram is the result of inhibition of I Kr which prolongs the ventricular action potential. 12.2 Pharmacodynamics Hemodynamic Effects Patients with chronic angina treated with ranolazine in controlled clinical studies had minimal changes in mean heart rate (< 2 bpm) and systolic blood pressure (< 3 mm Hg). Similar results were observed in subgroups of patients with CHF NYHA Class I or II, diabetes, or reactive airway disease, and in elderly patients. Electrocardiographic Effects Dose and plasma concentration-related increases in the QT c interval [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)], reductions in T wave amplitude, and, in some cases, notched T waves, have been observed in patients treated with ranolazine. These effects are believed to be caused by ranolazine and not by its metabolites. The relationship between the change in QT c and ranolazine plasma concentrations is linear, with a slope of about 2.6 msec/1000 ng/mL, through exposures corresponding to doses several-fold higher than the maximum recommended dose of 1000 mg twice daily. The variable blood levels attained after a given dose of ranolazine give a wide range of effects on QT c . At T max following repeat dosing at 1000 mg twice daily, the mean change in QT c is about 6 msec, but in the 5% of the population with the highest plasma concentrations, the prolongation of QT c is at least 15 msec. In cirrhotic subjects with mild or moderate hepatic impairment, the relationship between plasma level of ranolazine and QT c is much steeper [see Contraindications (4)]. Age, weight, gender, race, heart rate, congestive heart failure, diabetes, and renal impairment did not alter the slope of the QT c -concentration relationship of ranolazine. No proarrhythmic effects were observed on 7-day Holter recordings in 3,162 acute coronary syndrome patients treated with ranolazine. There was a significantly lower incidence of arrhythmias (ventricular tachycardia, bradycardia, supraventricular tachycardia, and new atrial fibrillation) in patients treated with ranolazine (80%) versus placebo (87%), including ventricular tachycardia ≥ 3 beats (52% versus 61%). However, this difference in arrhythmias did not lead to a reduction in mortality, a reduction in arrhythmia hospitalization, or a reduction in arrhythmia symptoms. 12.3 Pharmacokinetics The pharmacokinetic parameter of ranolazine after single dose administration of 1000 mg ASPRUZYO Sprinkle under fasting conditions are summarized in table 1. Table 1: Pharmacokinetic parameters of ranolazine after single dose administration of 1000 mg ASPRUZYO Sprinkle under fasting conditions. Parameter ASPRUZYO Sprinkle Mean CV (%) C max (mcg/mL) 1.95 30 T max (hr) * 10 (2 to 16) AUC 0-t (mcg.hr/mL) 31.4 36 AUC 0-∞ (mcg.hr/mL) 31.7 36 T 1/2 (hr) 5.3 27 Kel (hr -1 ) 0.15 29 *Median range (min-max) is provided Ranolazine is extensively metabolized in the gut and liver and its absorption is highly variable. The pharmacokinetics of the (+) R-and (-) S-enantiomers of ranolazine are similar in healthy volunteers. Steady state is generally achieved within 3 days of twice-daily dosing with ranolazine. At steady state over the dose range of 500 to 1000 mg twice daily, C max and AUC 0-T increase slightly more than proportionally to dose, 120% and 140%, respectively. With twice-daily dosing, the trough:peak ratio of the ranolazine plasma concentration is 0.3 to 0.6. The pharmacokinetics of ranolazine is unaffected by age and sex. Absorption and Distribution After oral administration of ranolazine 1000 mg, median T max was 10 hours under fasting conditions and 4.5 to 6 hours under fed. After oral administration of 14 C-ranolazine as a solution, 73% of the dose is systemically available as ranolazine or metabolites. The bioavailability of ranolazine from ranolazine granules relative to that from a solution of ranolazine is 76%. Because ranolazine is a substrate of P-gp, inhibitors of P-gp may increase the absorption of ranolazine. Over the concentration range of 0.25 to 10 mcg/mL, ranolazine is approximately 62% bound to human plasma proteins. Food Effect Compared to the fasted state, the systemic exposure (AUC) increased by 10% and peak drug concentration (C max ) increased by 27% when the dose was given 30 minutes after a high fat meal. After administration with a low fat low calorie meal AUC increased by 6% and C max increased by 48%. Metabolism and Excretion Ranolazine is metabolized mainly by CYP3A and, to a lesser extent, by CYP2D6. Following a single oral dose of ranolazine solution, approximately 75% of the dose is excreted in urine and 25% in feces. Ranolazine is metabolized rapidly and extensively in the liver and intestine; less than 5% is excreted unchanged in urine and feces. The pharmacologic activity of the metabolites has not been well characterized. The mean elimination half-lives of ranolazine is approximately 5 hours post single dose ranging from 2 to 11 hours. After dosing to steady state with 500 mg to 1500 mg twice daily, the four most abundant metabolites in plasma have AUC values ranging from about 5 to 33% that of ranolazine and display apparent half-lives ranging from 6 to 22 hours. Drug Interactions Effect of Other Drugs on Ranolazine In vitro data indicate that ranolazine is a substrate of CYP3A and, to a lesser degree, of CYP2D6. Ranolazine is also a substrate of P-glycoprotein. Strong CYP3A Inhibitors Plasma levels of ranolazine with ranolazine 1000 mg twice daily are increased by 220% when co-administered with ketoconazole 200 mg twice daily [see Contraindications (4)]. Moderate CYP3A Inhibitors Plasma levels of ranolazine with ranolazine 1000 mg twice daily are increased by 50 to 130% by diltiazem 180 to 360 mg, respectively. Plasma levels of ranolazine with ranolazine 750 mg twice daily are increased by 100% by verapamil 120 mg three times daily [see Drug Interactions (7.1)]. Weak CYP3A Inhibitors The weak CYP3A inhibitors simvastatin (20 mg once daily) and cimetidine (400 mg three times daily) do not increase the exposure to ranolazine in healthy volunteers. CYP3A Inducers Rifampin 600 mg once daily decreases the plasma concentrations of ranolazine (1000 mg twice daily) by approximately 95% [see Contraindications (4)]. CYP2D6 Inhibitors Paroxetine 20 mg once daily increased ranolazine concentrations by 20% in healthy volunteers receiving ranolazine 1000 mg twice daily. No dose adjustment of ranolazine is required in patients treated with CYP2D6 inhibitors. Digoxin Plasma concentrations of ranolazine are not significantly altered by concomitant digoxin at 0.125 mg once daily. Effect of Ranolazine on Other Drugs In vitro ranolazine and its O-demethylated metabolite are weak inhibitors of CYP3A and moderate inhibitors of CYP2D6 and P-gp. In vitro ranolazine is an inhibitor of OCT2. CYP3A Substrates The plasma levels of simvastatin, a CYP3A substrate, and its active metabolite are increased by 100% in healthy volunteers receiving 80 mg once daily and ranolazine 1000 mg twice daily [see Drug Interactions (7.2)]. Mean exposure to atorvastatin (80 mg daily) is increased by 40% following co-administration with ranolazine (1000 mg twice daily) in healthy volunteers. However, in one subject the exposure to atorvastatin and metabolites was increased by ~400% in the presence of ranolazine. Diltiazem The pharmacokinetics of diltiazem is not affected by ranolazine in healthy volunteers receiving diltiazem 60 mg three times daily and ranolazine 1000 mg twice daily. P-gp Substrates Ranolazine increases digoxin concentrations by 50% in healthy volunteers receiving ranolazine 1000 mg twice daily and digoxin 0.125 mg once daily [see Drug Interactions (7.2)]. CYP2D6 Substrates Ranolazine 750 mg twice daily increases the plasma concentrations of a single dose of immediate release metoprolol (100 mg), a CYP2D6 substrate, by 80% in extensive CYP2D6 metabolizers with no need for dose adjustment of metoprolol. In extensive metabolizers of dextromethorphan, a substrate of CYP2D6, ranolazine inhibits partially the formation of the main metabolite dextrorphan. OCT2 Substrates In subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus, the exposure to metformin is increased by 40% and 80% following administration of ranolazine 500 and 1000 mg twice daily, respectively. If co-administered with ranolazine 1000 mg twice daily, do not exceed metformin doses of 1700 mg/day [see Drug Interactions (7.2)]. Alcohol An in-vitro dissolution study was conducted to evaluate the impact of alcohol on extended-release characteristics of ASPRUZYO Sprinkle. The in-vitro study showed that alcohol causes a rapid release of ranolazine from ASPRUZYO Sprinkle that may increase the risk of adverse events associated with ASPRUZYO Sprinkle. Patients should not consume alcohol when taking ASPRUZYO Sprinkle.
Mechanism of action
Information about the established mechanism(s) of the drugÕs action in humans at various levels (for example receptor, membrane, tissue, organ, whole body). If the mechanism of action is not known, this field contains a statement about the lack of information.12.1 Mechanism of Action The mechanism of action of ranolazine's antianginal effects has not been determined. Ranolazine has anti-ischemic and antianginal effects that do not depend upon reductions in heart rate or blood pressure. It does not affect the rate-pressure product, a measure of myocardial work, at maximal exercise. Ranolazine at therapeutic levels can inhibit the cardiac late sodium current (I Na ). However, the relationship of this inhibition to angina symptoms is uncertain. The QT prolongation effect of ranolazine on the surface electrocardiogram is the result of inhibition of I Kr which prolongs the ventricular action potential.
Pharmacodynamics
Information about any biochemical or physiologic pharmacologic effects of the drug or active metabolites related to the drugÕs clinical effect in preventing, diagnosing, mitigating, curing, or treating disease, or those related to adverse effects or toxicity.12.2 Pharmacodynamics Hemodynamic Effects Patients with chronic angina treated with ranolazine in controlled clinical studies had minimal changes in mean heart rate (< 2 bpm) and systolic blood pressure (< 3 mm Hg). Similar results were observed in subgroups of patients with CHF NYHA Class I or II, diabetes, or reactive airway disease, and in elderly patients. Electrocardiographic Effects Dose and plasma concentration-related increases in the QT c interval [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)], reductions in T wave amplitude, and, in some cases, notched T waves, have been observed in patients treated with ranolazine. These effects are believed to be caused by ranolazine and not by its metabolites. The relationship between the change in QT c and ranolazine plasma concentrations is linear, with a slope of about 2.6 msec/1000 ng/mL, through exposures corresponding to doses several-fold higher than the maximum recommended dose of 1000 mg twice daily. The variable blood levels attained after a given dose of ranolazine give a wide range of effects on QT c . At T max following repeat dosing at 1000 mg twice daily, the mean change in QT c is about 6 msec, but in the 5% of the population with the highest plasma concentrations, the prolongation of QT c is at least 15 msec. In cirrhotic subjects with mild or moderate hepatic impairment, the relationship between plasma level of ranolazine and QT c is much steeper [see Contraindications (4)]. Age, weight, gender, race, heart rate, congestive heart failure, diabetes, and renal impairment did not alter the slope of the QT c -concentration relationship of ranolazine. No proarrhythmic effects were observed on 7-day Holter recordings in 3,162 acute coronary syndrome patients treated with ranolazine. There was a significantly lower incidence of arrhythmias (ventricular tachycardia, bradycardia, supraventricular tachycardia, and new atrial fibrillation) in patients treated with ranolazine (80%) versus placebo (87%), including ventricular tachycardia ≥ 3 beats (52% versus 61%). However, this difference in arrhythmias did not lead to a reduction in mortality, a reduction in arrhythmia hospitalization, or a reduction in arrhythmia symptoms.
Pharmacokinetics
Information about the clinically significant pharmacokinetics of a drug or active metabolites, for instance pertinent absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion parameters.12.3 Pharmacokinetics The pharmacokinetic parameter of ranolazine after single dose administration of 1000 mg ASPRUZYO Sprinkle under fasting conditions are summarized in table 1. Table 1: Pharmacokinetic parameters of ranolazine after single dose administration of 1000 mg ASPRUZYO Sprinkle under fasting conditions. Parameter ASPRUZYO Sprinkle Mean CV (%) C max (mcg/mL) 1.95 30 T max (hr) * 10 (2 to 16) AUC 0-t (mcg.hr/mL) 31.4 36 AUC 0-∞ (mcg.hr/mL) 31.7 36 T 1/2 (hr) 5.3 27 Kel (hr -1 ) 0.15 29 *Median range (min-max) is provided Ranolazine is extensively metabolized in the gut and liver and its absorption is highly variable. The pharmacokinetics of the (+) R-and (-) S-enantiomers of ranolazine are similar in healthy volunteers. Steady state is generally achieved within 3 days of twice-daily dosing with ranolazine. At steady state over the dose range of 500 to 1000 mg twice daily, C max and AUC 0-T increase slightly more than proportionally to dose, 120% and 140%, respectively. With twice-daily dosing, the trough:peak ratio of the ranolazine plasma concentration is 0.3 to 0.6. The pharmacokinetics of ranolazine is unaffected by age and sex. Absorption and Distribution After oral administration of ranolazine 1000 mg, median T max was 10 hours under fasting conditions and 4.5 to 6 hours under fed. After oral administration of 14 C-ranolazine as a solution, 73% of the dose is systemically available as ranolazine or metabolites. The bioavailability of ranolazine from ranolazine granules relative to that from a solution of ranolazine is 76%. Because ranolazine is a substrate of P-gp, inhibitors of P-gp may increase the absorption of ranolazine. Over the concentration range of 0.25 to 10 mcg/mL, ranolazine is approximately 62% bound to human plasma proteins. Food Effect Compared to the fasted state, the systemic exposure (AUC) increased by 10% and peak drug concentration (C max ) increased by 27% when the dose was given 30 minutes after a high fat meal. After administration with a low fat low calorie meal AUC increased by 6% and C max increased by 48%. Metabolism and Excretion Ranolazine is metabolized mainly by CYP3A and, to a lesser extent, by CYP2D6. Following a single oral dose of ranolazine solution, approximately 75% of the dose is excreted in urine and 25% in feces. Ranolazine is metabolized rapidly and extensively in the liver and intestine; less than 5% is excreted unchanged in urine and feces. The pharmacologic activity of the metabolites has not been well characterized. The mean elimination half-lives of ranolazine is approximately 5 hours post single dose ranging from 2 to 11 hours. After dosing to steady state with 500 mg to 1500 mg twice daily, the four most abundant metabolites in plasma have AUC values ranging from about 5 to 33% that of ranolazine and display apparent half-lives ranging from 6 to 22 hours. Drug Interactions Effect of Other Drugs on Ranolazine In vitro data indicate that ranolazine is a substrate of CYP3A and, to a lesser degree, of CYP2D6. Ranolazine is also a substrate of P-glycoprotein. Strong CYP3A Inhibitors Plasma levels of ranolazine with ranolazine 1000 mg twice daily are increased by 220% when co-administered with ketoconazole 200 mg twice daily [see Contraindications (4)]. Moderate CYP3A Inhibitors Plasma levels of ranolazine with ranolazine 1000 mg twice daily are increased by 50 to 130% by diltiazem 180 to 360 mg, respectively. Plasma levels of ranolazine with ranolazine 750 mg twice daily are increased by 100% by verapamil 120 mg three times daily [see Drug Interactions (7.1)]. Weak CYP3A Inhibitors The weak CYP3A inhibitors simvastatin (20 mg once daily) and cimetidine (400 mg three times daily) do not increase the exposure to ranolazine in healthy volunteers. CYP3A Inducers Rifampin 600 mg once daily decreases the plasma concentrations of ranolazine (1000 mg twice daily) by approximately 95% [see Contraindications (4)]. CYP2D6 Inhibitors Paroxetine 20 mg once daily increased ranolazine concentrations by 20% in healthy volunteers receiving ranolazine 1000 mg twice daily. No dose adjustment of ranolazine is required in patients treated with CYP2D6 inhibitors. Digoxin Plasma concentrations of ranolazine are not significantly altered by concomitant digoxin at 0.125 mg once daily. Effect of Ranolazine on Other Drugs In vitro ranolazine and its O-demethylated metabolite are weak inhibitors of CYP3A and moderate inhibitors of CYP2D6 and P-gp. In vitro ranolazine is an inhibitor of OCT2. CYP3A Substrates The plasma levels of simvastatin, a CYP3A substrate, and its active metabolite are increased by 100% in healthy volunteers receiving 80 mg once daily and ranolazine 1000 mg twice daily [see Drug Interactions (7.2)]. Mean exposure to atorvastatin (80 mg daily) is increased by 40% following co-administration with ranolazine (1000 mg twice daily) in healthy volunteers. However, in one subject the exposure to atorvastatin and metabolites was increased by ~400% in the presence of ranolazine. Diltiazem The pharmacokinetics of diltiazem is not affected by ranolazine in healthy volunteers receiving diltiazem 60 mg three times daily and ranolazine 1000 mg twice daily. P-gp Substrates Ranolazine increases digoxin concentrations by 50% in healthy volunteers receiving ranolazine 1000 mg twice daily and digoxin 0.125 mg once daily [see Drug Interactions (7.2)]. CYP2D6 Substrates Ranolazine 750 mg twice daily increases the plasma concentrations of a single dose of immediate release metoprolol (100 mg), a CYP2D6 substrate, by 80% in extensive CYP2D6 metabolizers with no need for dose adjustment of metoprolol. In extensive metabolizers of dextromethorphan, a substrate of CYP2D6, ranolazine inhibits partially the formation of the main metabolite dextrorphan. OCT2 Substrates In subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus, the exposure to metformin is increased by 40% and 80% following administration of ranolazine 500 and 1000 mg twice daily, respectively. If co-administered with ranolazine 1000 mg twice daily, do not exceed metformin doses of 1700 mg/day [see Drug Interactions (7.2)]. Alcohol An in-vitro dissolution study was conducted to evaluate the impact of alcohol on extended-release characteristics of ASPRUZYO Sprinkle. The in-vitro study showed that alcohol causes a rapid release of ranolazine from ASPRUZYO Sprinkle that may increase the risk of adverse events associated with ASPRUZYO Sprinkle. Patients should not consume alcohol when taking ASPRUZYO Sprinkle.
Contraindications
Information about situations in which the drug product is contraindicated or should not be used because the risk of use clearly outweighs any possible benefit, including the type and nature of reactions that have been reported.4 CONTRAINDICATIONS ASPRUZYO Sprinkle is contraindicated in patients: • Taking strong inhibitors of CYP3A [see Drug Interactions (7.1)] • Taking inducers of CYP3A [see Drug Interactions (7.1)] • With liver cirrhosis [see Use in Specific Populations (8.6)] • Strong CYP3A inhibitors (e.g., ketoconazole, clarithromycin, nelfinavir) (4, 7.1) • CYP3A inducers (e.g., rifampin, phenobarbital, St. John's wort) (4, 7.1) • Liver cirrhosis (4, 8.6)
Description
General information about the drug product, including the proprietary and established name of the drug, the type of dosage form and route of administration to which the label applies, qualitative and quantitative ingredient information, the pharmacologic or therapeutic class of the drug, and the chemical name and structural formula of the drug.11 DESCRIPTION ASPRUZYO Sprinkle contains ranolazine, an antianginal available as white to off-white coated extended-release granules filled in a sachet for oral administration. Ranolazine is a racemic mixture, chemically described as 1-piperazineacetamide, N ‑(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-4-[2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl]-(±)-. It has a molecular formula of C 24 H 33 N 3 O 4 , a molecular weight of 427.54 g/mole, and the following structural formula: Ranolazine is off-white to white powder. Ranolazine is soluble in dichloromethane and methanol. ASPRUZYO Sprinkle contains 500 mg or 1000 mg of ranolazine and the following inactive ingredients: amino methacrylate copolymer, dibutyl sebacate, ethyl cellulose, hypromellose, magnesium stearate, methacrylic acid and ethyl acrylate copolymer, microcrystalline cellulose, and talc. structural-formula
Dosage and administration
Information about the drug product’s dosage and administration recommendations, including starting dose, dose range, titration regimens, and any other clinically sigificant information that affects dosing recommendations.2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION 500 mg orally twice daily and increase to 1000 mg orally twice daily, based on clinical symptoms (2.1) 2.1 Dosing Information Initiate ASPRUZYO Sprinkle dosing at 500 mg orally twice daily and increase to 1000 mg orally twice daily, as needed, based on clinical symptoms. The maximum recommended daily dose of ASPRUZYO Sprinkle is 1000 mg twice daily. If a dose of ASPRUZYO Sprinkle is missed, take the prescribed dose at the next scheduled time; do not double the next dose. Directions for use with soft food (e.g., applesauce and yogurt) • Sprinkle granules on one tablespoonful of soft food and consume immediately. • Do not crush or chew the granules. Direction for nasogastric and gastric tube administration Nasogastric (NG) tube: Add the content of a sachet to a plastic catheter tip syringe and add 50 mL of water. Gently shake the syringe for approximately 15 seconds. Promptly deliver through a 12 French or larger NG tube. Ensure no granules are left in the syringe. Rinse with additional water (about 15 mL) if needed. Gastrostomy/Gastric (G) tube : Add the content of a sachet to a plastic catheter tip syringe and add 30 mL of water. Gently shake the syringe for approximately 15 seconds. Promptly deliver through a 12 French or larger G-tube. Rinse with 20 mL of water in the syringe. Ensure no granules are left in the syringe. Rinse with additional water (about 15 mL) if needed. 2.2 Dose Modification Dose adjustments may be needed when ASPRUZYO Sprinkle is taken in combination with other drugs [see Drug Interactions (7.1)]. Limit the maximum dose of ASPRUZYO Sprinkle to 500 mg twice daily in patients on moderate CYP3A inhibitors such as diltiazem, verapamil, and erythromycin. Use of ASPRUZYO Sprinkle with strong CYP3A inhibitors and CYP3A inducers is contraindicated [see Contraindications (4), Drug Interactions (7.1)].
Dosage forms and strengths
Information about all available dosage forms and strengths for the drug product to which the labeling applies. This field may contain descriptions of product appearance.3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS ASPRUZYO Sprinkle (ranolazine) is supplied as unit-dose sachets containing 500 or 1000 mg of white to off-white, coated, extended-release granules. Extended-release granules: 500 and 1000 mg (3)
Indications and usage
A statement of each of the drug products indications for use, such as for the treatment, prevention, mitigation, cure, or diagnosis of a disease or condition, or of a manifestation of a recognized disease or condition, or for the relief of symptoms associated with a recognized disease or condition. This field may also describe any relevant limitations of use.1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE ASPRUZYO Sprinkle is indicated for the treatment of chronic angina. ASPRUZYO Sprinkle may be used with beta-blockers, nitrates, calcium channel blockers, anti‑platelet therapy, lipid-lowering therapy, ACE inhibitors, and angiotensin receptor blockers. ASPRUZYO Sprinkle is an antianginal indicated for the treatment of chronic angina. (1)
Spl product data elements
Usually a list of ingredients in a drug product.ASPRUZYO SPRINKLE Ranolazine DIMETHYLAMINOETHYL METHACRYLATE - BUTYL METHACRYLATE - METHYL METHACRYLATE COPOLYMER DIBUTYL SEBACATE ETHYLCELLULOSE, UNSPECIFIED HYPROMELLOSE, UNSPECIFIED MAGNESIUM STEARATE TALC MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE METHACRYLIC ACID - ETHYL ACRYLATE COPOLYMER (1:1) TYPE A RANOLAZINE RANOLAZINE white to off-white ASPRUZYO SPRINKLE Ranolazine DIMETHYLAMINOETHYL METHACRYLATE - BUTYL METHACRYLATE - METHYL METHACRYLATE COPOLYMER DIBUTYL SEBACATE ETHYLCELLULOSE, UNSPECIFIED HYPROMELLOSE, UNSPECIFIED MAGNESIUM STEARATE TALC MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE METHACRYLIC ACID - ETHYL ACRYLATE COPOLYMER (1:1) TYPE A RANOLAZINE RANOLAZINE white to off-white
Carcinogenesis and mutagenesis and impairment of fertility
Information about carcinogenic, mutagenic, or fertility impairment potential revealed by studies in animals. Information from human data about such potential is part of the warnings field.13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility Ranolazine tested negative for genotoxic potential in the following assays: Ames bacterial mutation assay, Saccharomyces assay for mitotic gene conversion, chromosomal aberrations assay in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, mammalian CHO/HGPRT gene mutation assay, and mouse and rat bone marrow micronucleus assays. There was no evidence of carcinogenic potential in mice or rats. The highest oral doses used in the carcinogenicity studies were 150 mg/kg/day for 21 months in rats (900 mg/m 2 /day) and 50 mg/kg/day for 24 months in mice (150 mg/m 2 /day). These maximally tolerated doses are 0.8 and 0.1 times, respectively, the daily maximum recommended human dose (MRHD) of 2,000 mg on a surface area basis. A published study reported that ranolazine promoted tumor formation and progression to malignancy when given to transgenic APC (min/+) mice at a dose of 30 mg/kg twice daily . The clinical significance of this finding is unclear. In male and female rats, oral administration of ranolazine that produced exposures (AUC) approximately 3-fold or 5-fold higher, respectively, than the MRHD had no effect on fertility.
Nonclinical toxicology
Information about toxicology in non-human subjects.13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY 13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility Ranolazine tested negative for genotoxic potential in the following assays: Ames bacterial mutation assay, Saccharomyces assay for mitotic gene conversion, chromosomal aberrations assay in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, mammalian CHO/HGPRT gene mutation assay, and mouse and rat bone marrow micronucleus assays. There was no evidence of carcinogenic potential in mice or rats. The highest oral doses used in the carcinogenicity studies were 150 mg/kg/day for 21 months in rats (900 mg/m 2 /day) and 50 mg/kg/day for 24 months in mice (150 mg/m 2 /day). These maximally tolerated doses are 0.8 and 0.1 times, respectively, the daily maximum recommended human dose (MRHD) of 2,000 mg on a surface area basis. A published study reported that ranolazine promoted tumor formation and progression to malignancy when given to transgenic APC (min/+) mice at a dose of 30 mg/kg twice daily . The clinical significance of this finding is unclear. In male and female rats, oral administration of ranolazine that produced exposures (AUC) approximately 3-fold or 5-fold higher, respectively, than the MRHD had no effect on fertility.
Package label principal display panel
The content of the principal display panel of the product package, usually including the product’s name, dosage forms, and other key information about the drug product.Package/Label Display Panel NDC 47335-624-30 ASPRUZYO Sprinkle™ (ranolazine) extended-release granules 500 mg per sachet Rx only SUN PHARMA Contains 30 sachets spl-aspruzyo-500 mg-30 carton
Package/Label Display Panel NDC 47335-624-60 ASPRUZYO Sprinkle™ (ranolazine) extended-release granules 500 mg per sachet Rx only SUN PHARMA Contains 60 sachets spl-aspruzyo-500 mg-60 carton
Package/Label Display Panel NDC 47335-624-11 ASPRUZYO Sprinkle™ (ranolazine) extended-release granules 500 mg per sachet Each sachet contains 500 mg ranolazine Recommended Dosage: See prescribing information. Rx only SUN PHARMA This package is child-resistant. Keep out of reach of children. spl-aspruzyo-sachet-500 mg
ASPRUZYO SPRINKLE: Information for patients
Information necessary for patients to use the drug safely and effectively, such as precautions concerning driving or the concomitant use of other substances that may have harmful additive effects.17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION Advise the patient to read the FDA-approved patient labeling (Patient Information). Inform patients that ASPRUZYO Sprinkle will not abate an acute angina episode. Drug Interactions • Advise patients to discuss with their healthcare provider any prescription or over-the-counter medications and supplements prior to concomitant use [see Drug Interactions (7)]. • Advise patients to limit grapefruit juice or grapefruit products when taking ASPRUZYO Sprinkle [see Drug Interactions (7)] . QT Interval Prolongation • Advise patients to inform their physician of any personal or family history of QT c prolongation, congenital long QT syndrome, or if they are receiving drugs that prolong the QT c interval such as [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]. Dizziness, Fainting • Inform patients that ASPRUZYO Sprinkle may cause dizziness and lightheadedness. Patients should know how they react to ASPRUZYO Sprinkle before they operate an automobile or machinery, or engage in activities requiring mental alertness or coordination [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)]. • Advise patients to contact their physician if they experience fainting spells while taking ASPRUZYO Sprinkle. Administration • Instruct patients to take ASPRUZYO Sprinkle as directed. • Advise patients not to crush or chew the granules. All trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Manufactured by: Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. Mohali, INDIA Distributed by: Sun Pharmaceutical Industries, Inc. Cranbury, NJ 08512 FDA-04
Patient medication information
Information or instructions to patients about safe use of the drug product, sometimes including a reference to a patient medication guide or counseling materials.Patient Medication Information Patient Information ASPRUZYO Sprinkle (as-PROO-zee-oh spring-KUHL) (ranolazine) extended-release granules What is ASPRUZYO Sprinkle? ASPRUZYO Sprinkle is a prescription medicine used to treat angina that keeps coming back (chronic angina). ASPRUZYO Sprinkle may be used with other medicines that are used for heart problems and blood pressure control. It is not known if ASPRUZYO Sprinkle is safe and effective in children. Do not take ASPRUZYO Sprinkle if: • you take any of the following medicines: • for fungus infection: ketoconazole, itraconazole • for infection: clarithromycin • for depression: nefazodone • for HIV: nelfinavir, ritonavir, indinavir saquinavir • for tuberculosis (TB): rifampin, rifabutin, rifapentine • for seizures: phenobarbital, phenytoin, and carbamazepine • St. John's wort • you have scarring of your liver (liver cirrhosis) Before taking ASPRUZYO Sprinkle, tell your healthcare provider about all of your medical conditions, including if you: • have or have a family history of a heart problem, called 'QT prolongation' or 'long QT syndrome' • have liver problems • have kidney problems • are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. It is not known if ASPRUZYO Sprinkle will harm your unborn baby. • are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. It is not known if ranolazine passes into your breast milk. Talk to your healthcare provider about the best way to feed your baby. Tell your healthcare provider about all the medicines you take, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements. ASPRUZYO Sprinkle may affect the way other medicines work and other medicines may affect how ASPRUZYO Sprinkle works. Know the medicines you take. Keep a list of them to show your healthcare provider or pharmacist when you get a new medicine. How should I take ASPRUZYO Sprinkle? • Take ASPRUZYO Sprinkle exactly as your healthcare provider tells you. • Your healthcare provider will tell you how much ASPRUZYO Sprinkle to take and when to take it. Do not change your dose unless your healthcare provider tells you to. • Tell your healthcare provider if you still have symptoms of angina after starting ASPRUZYO Sprinkle. • Take ASPRUZYO Sprinkle 2 times a day. • ASPRUZYO Sprinkle may be taken or given as follows: To open the sachet fold back on dotted line and tear at notch or use scissors. Directions for use with soft food (e.g., applesauce and yogurt): • Sprinkle granules on one tablespoonful of soft food and consume immediately. • Do not crush or chew the granules. Giving ASPRUZYO Sprinkle with water through a 12 French or larger nasogastric (NG) tube : • Add the granules from the sachet to a plastic catheter tip syringe and add 50 mL of water. • Gently shake the syringe for about 15 seconds. • Connect the catheter tip syringe to the NG tube and give the mixture right away. • Make sure that no granules are left in the syringe. Rinse the syringe with about 15 mL of additional water if needed and give through NG tube. Giving ASPRUZYO Sprinkle with water through a 12 French or larger gastric (G) tube: • Add the granules from the sachet to a plastic catheter tip syringe and add 30 mL of water. • Gently shake the syringe for about 15 seconds. • Connect the catheter tip syringe to the G-tube and give the mixture right away. • Rinse the syringe with 20 mL of additional water and give through G-tube. • Make sure that no granules are left in the syringe. Rinse the syringe with about 15 mL of additional water if needed and give through G-tube. • If you miss a dose of ASPRUZYO Sprinkle, take the next dose of ASPRUZYO Sprinkle at your regular time. Do not make up for the missed dose. Do not take 2 doses at the same time. • If you take too much ASPRUZYO Sprinkle, call your healthcare provider, or go to the nearest emergency room right away. What should I avoid while taking ASPRUZYO Sprinkle? • You should limit grapefruit, grapefruit juice, and products that contain grapefruit during treatment with ASPRUZYO Sprinkle. Grapefruit products can increase the amount of ASPRUZYO Sprinkle in your body. • ASPRUZYO Sprinkle can cause dizziness, lightheadedness, and fainting. If you have these symptoms, do not drive a car, use machinery, or do anything that needs you to be alert. • You should not drink alcohol during treatment with ASPRUZYO Sprinkle. What are the possible side effects of ASPRUZYO Sprinkle? ASPRUZYO Sprinkle may cause serious side effects, including: • Changes in the electrical activity of your heart called QT prolongation . Your healthcare provider may check the electrical activity of your heart with an electrocardiogram (ECG). Tell your healthcare provider right away if you feel faint, lightheaded, or feel your heart beating irregularly or fast during treatment with ASPRUZYO Sprinkle. These may be symptoms related to QT prolongation. • Kidney failure in people who already have severe kidney problems . Your healthcare provider may do blood tests to check your kidneys during treatment with ASPRUZYO Sprinkle. The most common side effects of ASPRUZYO Sprinkle include: • dizziness • headache • constipation • nausea These are not all of the possible side effects of ASPRUZYO Sprinkle. Call your healthcare provider for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088. How should I store ASPRUZYO Sprinkle? • Store ASPRUZYO Sprinkle at room temperature between 68°F to 77°F (20°C to 25°C). • Keep ASPRUZYO Sprinkle and all medicines out of the reach of children. General information about the safe and effective use of ASPRUZYO Sprinkle. Medicines are sometimes prescribed for purposes other than those listed in a Patient Information leaflet. Do not use ASPRUZYO Sprinkle for a condition for which it was not prescribed. Do not give ASPRUZYO Sprinkle to other people, even if they have the same condition you have. It may harm them. You can ask your pharmacist or healthcare provider for information about ASPRUZYO Sprinkle that is written for health professionals. What are the ingredients in ASPRUZYO Sprinkle? Active ingredient: ranolazine Inactive ingredients: amino methacrylate copolymer, dibutyl sebacate, ethyl cellulose, hypromellose, magnesium stearate, methacrylic acid and ethyl acrylate copolymer, microcrystalline cellulose, and talc. Manufactured by: Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., Mohali, INDIA Distributed by: Sun Pharmaceutical Industries, Inc., Cranbury, NJ 08512 For more information, call 1-800-818-4555. This Patient Information has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Issued: February/2022 spl-aspruzyo-diagram
Clinical studies
This field may contain references to clinical studies in place of detailed discussion in other sections of the labeling.14 CLINICAL STUDIES 14.1 Chronic Stable Angina CARISA (Combination Assessment of Ranolazine In Stable Angina) was a study in 823 chronic angina patients randomized to receive 12 weeks of treatment with twice-daily ranolazine 750 mg, 1000 mg, or placebo, who also continued on daily doses of atenolol 50 mg, amlodipine 5 mg, or diltiazem CD 180 mg. Sublingual nitrates were used in this study as needed. In this trial, statistically significant (p < 0.05) increases in modified Bruce treadmill exercise duration and time to angina were observed for each ranolazine dose versus placebo, at both trough (12 hours after dosing) and peak (4 hours after dosing) plasma levels, with minimal effects on blood pressure and heart rate. The changes versus placebo in exercise parameters are presented in Table 2. Exercise treadmill results showed no increase in effect on exercise at the 1000 mg dose compared to the 750-mg dose. Table 2 Exercise Treadmill Results (CARISA) Mean Difference from Placebo (sec) Study CARISA (N = 791) Ranolazine Twice-daily Dose 750 mg 1000 mg Exercise Duration Trough Peak 24 a 34 b 24 a 26 a Time to Angina Trough Peak 30 a 38 b 26 a 38 b Time to 1 mm ST-Segment Depression Trough Peak 20 41 b 21 35 b a p-value ≤ 0.05 b p-value ≤ 0.005 The effects of ranolazine on angina frequency and nitroglycerin use are shown in Table 3. Table 3 Angina Frequency and Nitroglycerin Use (CARISA) Placebo Ranolazine 750 mg a Ranolazine 1000 mg a Angina Frequency (attacks/week) N 258 272 261 Mean 3.3 2.5 2.1 P-value vs placebo - 0.006 <0.001 Nitroglycerin Use (doses/week) N 252 262 244 Mean 3.1 2.1 1.8 P-value vs placebo - 0.016 <0.001 a Twice daily Tolerance to ranolazine did not develop after 12 weeks of therapy. Rebound increases in angina, as measured by exercise duration, have not been observed following abrupt discontinuation of ranolazine. Ranolazine has been evaluated in patients with chronic angina who remained symptomatic despite treatment with the maximum dose of an antianginal agent. In the ERICA (Efficacy of Ranolazine In Chronic Angina) trial, 565 patients were randomized to receive an initial dose of ranolazine 500 mg twice daily or placebo for 1 week, followed by 6 weeks of treatment with ranolazine 1000 mg twice daily or placebo, in addition to concomitant treatment with amlodipine 10 mg once daily. In addition, 45% of the study population also received long-acting nitrates. Sublingual nitrates were used as needed to treat angina episodes. Results are shown in Table 4. Statistically significant decreases in angina attack frequency (p = 0.028) and nitroglycerin use (p = 0.014) were observed with ranolazine compared to placebo. These treatment effects appeared consistent across age and use of long-acting nitrates. Table 4 Angina Frequency and Nitroglycerin Use (ERICA) Placebo Ranolazine a Angina Frequency (attacks/week) N 281 277 Mean 4.3 3.3 Median 2.4 2.2 Nitroglycerin Use (doses/week) N 281 277 Mean 3.6 2.7 Median 1.7 1.3 a 1000 mg twice daily Gender Effects on angina frequency and exercise tolerance were considerably smaller in women than in men. In CARISA, the improvement in Exercise Tolerance Test (ETT) in females was about 33% of that in males at the 1000 mg twice-daily dose level. In ERICA, where the primary endpoint was angina attack frequency, the mean reduction in weekly angina attacks was 0.3 for females and 1.3 for males. Race There were insufficient numbers of non-Caucasian patients to allow for analyses of efficacy or safety by racial subgroup. 14.2 Lack of Benefit in Acute Coronary Syndrome In a large (n = 6560) placebo-controlled trial (MERLIN-TIMI 36) in patients with acute coronary syndrome, there was no benefit shown on outcome measures. However, the study is somewhat reassuring regarding proarrhythmic risks, as ventricular arrhythmias were less common on ranolazine [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.2)], and there was no difference between ranolazine and placebo in the risk of all-cause mortality (relative risk ranolazine: placebo 0.99 with an upper 95% confidence limit of 1.22).
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Geriatric use
Information about any limitations on any geriatric indications, needs for specific monitoring, hazards associated with use of the drug in the geriatric population.8.5 Geriatric Use Of the chronic angina patients treated with ranolazine in controlled studies, 496 (48%) were ≥ 65 years of age, and 114 (11%) were ≥ 75 years of age. No overall differences in efficacy were observed between older and younger patients. There were no differences in safety for patients ≥ 65 years compared to younger patients, but patients ≥ 75 years of age on ranolazine, compared to placebo, had a higher incidence of adverse events, serious adverse events, and drug discontinuations due to adverse events. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should usually start at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease, or other drug therapy.
Pediatric use
Information about any limitations on any pediatric indications, needs for specific monitoring, hazards associated with use of the drug in any subsets of the pediatric population (such as neonates, infants, children, or adolescents), differences between pediatric and adult responses to the drug, and other information related to the safe and effective pediatric use of the drug.8.4 Pediatric Use Safety and effectiveness have not been established in pediatric patients.
Pregnancy
Information about effects the drug may have on pregnant women or on a fetus. This field may be ommitted if the drug is not absorbed systemically and the drug is not known to have a potential for indirect harm to the fetus. It may contain information about the established pregnancy category classification for the drug. (That information is nominally listed in the teratogenic_effects field, but may be listed here instead.)8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary There are no available data on ranolazine use in pregnant women to inform any drug‑associated risks. Studies in rats and rabbits showed no evidence of fetal harm at exposures 4 times the maximum recommended human dose (MRHD) (see Data). In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and of miscarriage of clinically recognized pregnancies is 2 to 4% and 15 to 20%, respectively. Data Animal Data Embryofetal toxicity studies were conducted in rats and rabbits orally administered ranolazine during organogenesis. In rats, decreased fetal weight and reduced ossification were observed at doses (corresponding to 4-fold the AUC for the MRHD) that caused maternal weight loss. No adverse fetal effects were observed in either species exposed (AUC) to ranolazine at exposures (AUC) equal to the MRHD.
Use in specific populations
Information about use of the drug by patients in specific populations, including pregnant women and nursing mothers, pediatric patients, and geriatric patients.8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS 8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary There are no available data on ranolazine use in pregnant women to inform any drug‑associated risks. Studies in rats and rabbits showed no evidence of fetal harm at exposures 4 times the maximum recommended human dose (MRHD) (see Data). In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and of miscarriage of clinically recognized pregnancies is 2 to 4% and 15 to 20%, respectively. Data Animal Data Embryofetal toxicity studies were conducted in rats and rabbits orally administered ranolazine during organogenesis. In rats, decreased fetal weight and reduced ossification were observed at doses (corresponding to 4-fold the AUC for the MRHD) that caused maternal weight loss. No adverse fetal effects were observed in either species exposed (AUC) to ranolazine at exposures (AUC) equal to the MRHD. 8.2 Lactation Risk Summary There are no data on the presence of ranolazine in human milk, the effects on the breastfed infant, or the effects on milk production. However, ranolazine is present in rat milk [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1)]. The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother's clinical need for ranolazine and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed infant from ranolazine or from the underlying maternal condition. Adult female rats were administered ranolazine orally from gestation day 6 through postnatal day 20. No adverse effects on pup development, behavior, or reproduction parameters were observed at a maternal dosage level of 60 mg/kg/day (equal to the MHRD based on AUC). At maternally toxic doses, male and female pups exhibited increased mortality and decreased body weight, and female pups showed increased motor activity. The pups were potentially exposed to low amounts of ranolazine via the maternal milk. 8.4 Pediatric Use Safety and effectiveness have not been established in pediatric patients. 8.5 Geriatric Use Of the chronic angina patients treated with ranolazine in controlled studies, 496 (48%) were ≥ 65 years of age, and 114 (11%) were ≥ 75 years of age. No overall differences in efficacy were observed between older and younger patients. There were no differences in safety for patients ≥ 65 years compared to younger patients, but patients ≥ 75 years of age on ranolazine, compared to placebo, had a higher incidence of adverse events, serious adverse events, and drug discontinuations due to adverse events. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should usually start at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease, or other drug therapy. 8.6 Use in Patients with Hepatic Impairment ASPRUZYO Sprinkle is contraindicated in patients with liver cirrhosis. In a study of cirrhotic patients, the C max of ranolazine was increased 30% in cirrhotic patients with mild (Child‑ Pugh Class A) hepatic impairment but increased 80% in cirrhotic patients with moderate (Child-Pugh Class B) hepatic impairment compared to patients without hepatic impairment. This increase was not enough to account for the 200% increase in QT prolongation seen in cirrhotic patients with mild to moderate hepatic impairment [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.2)]. 8.7 Use in Patients with Renal Impairment A pharmacokinetic study of ranolazine in subjects with severe renal impairment (CrCL< 30 mL/min) was stopped when 2 of 4 subjects developed acute renal failure after receiving ranolazine 500 mg twice daily for 5 days (lead-in phase) followed by 1000 mg twice a day (1 dose in one subject and 11 doses in the other). Increases in creatinine, BUN, and potassium were observed in 3 subjects during the 500 mg lead-in phase. One subject required hemodialysis, while the other 2 subjects improved upon drug discontinuation [s ee Warnings and Precautions (5.2)]. Monitor renal function periodically in patients with moderate to severe renal impairment. Discontinue ASPRUZYO Sprinkle if acute renal failure develops. In a separate study, C max was increased between 40% and 50% in patients with mild, moderate, or severe renal impairment compared to patients with no renal impairment, suggesting a similar increase in exposure in patients with renal failure independent of the degree of impairment. The pharmacokinetics of ranolazine has not been assessed in patients on dialysis.
How supplied
Information about the available dosage forms to which the labeling applies, and for which the manufacturer or distributor is responsible. This field ordinarily includes the strength of the dosage form (in metric units), the units in which the dosage form is available for prescribing, appropriate information to facilitate identification of the dosage forms (such as shape, color, coating, scoring, and National Drug Code), and special handling and storage condition information.16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING ASPRUZYO Sprinkle is supplied as white to off-white coated, extended-release granules in sachets of 500 or 1000 mg. Packages are Strength NDC Unit-dose Sachet (Child-resistant) 500 mg NDC 47335-624-11 Unit-dose Sachet (Child-resistant) 1000 mg NDC 47335-625-11 30 Unit-dose Sachets (Child-resistant) 500 mg NDC 47335-624-30 30 Unit-dose Sachets (Child-resistant) 1000 mg NDC 47335-625-30 60 Unit-dose Sachets (Child-resistant) 500 mg NDC 47335-624-60 60 Unit-dose Sachets (Child-resistant) 1000 mg NDC 47335-625-60 Store ASPRUZYO Sprinkle at 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F); excursions permitted between 15°C to 30°C (59°F to 86°F). [See USP Controlled Room Temperature].
Disclaimer: Do not rely on openFDA or Phanrmacy Near Me to make decisions regarding medical care. While we make every effort to ensure that data is accurate, you should assume all results are unvalidated. Source: OpenFDA, Healthporta Drugs API