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| Product NDC Code | 52652-2001 | ||||||
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| Drug Name | Xatmep |
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| Type | Brand | ||||||
| Pharm Class | Folate Analog Metabolic Inhibitor [EPC], Folic Acid Metabolism Inhibitors [MoA] |
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| Route | ORAL | ||||||
| Dosage Form | SOLUTION | ||||||
| RxCUI drug identifier | 1921592, 1921598 |
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| Application Number | NDA208400 | ||||||
| Labeler Name | Azurity Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | ||||||
| Packages |
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Overdosage of Xatmep
Information about signs, symptoms, and laboratory findings of acute ovedosage and the general principles of overdose treatment.10 OVERDOSAGE Manifestations Fatal overdosage has occurred with methotrexate. Manifestations of overdosage include adverse reactions reported at pharmacologic doses, particularly hematologic and gastrointestinal reactions (e.g., leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia, pancytopenia, bone marrow suppression, mucositis, stomatitis, oral ulceration, nausea, vomiting, gastrointestinal ulceration, or gastrointestinal bleeding). In some cases, no symptoms were reported. Management Leucovorin and levoleucovorin are indicated to diminish the toxicity and counteract the effect of inadvertently administered overdosages of methotrexate. Administer leucovorin or levoleucovorin as soon as possible after overdosage (refer to the leucovorin or levoleucovorin Prescribing Information). Monitor serum methotrexate concentrations closely to guide leucovorin or levoleucovorin therapy. Monitor serum creatinine concentrations closely because high serum methotrexate concentrations may cause renal damage leading to acute renal failure. Glucarpidase is indicated for the treatment of toxic methotrexate concentrations in patients with delayed methotrexate clearance due to impaired renal function (refer to the glucarpidase Prescribing Information). If glucarpidase is used, do not administer leucovorin within 2 hours before or after a dose of glucarpidase because leucovorin is a substrate for glucarpidase. In cases of massive overdosage, hydration and urinary alkalinization may be necessary to prevent the precipitation of methotrexate and/or its metabolites in the renal tubules. Neither hemodialysis nor peritoneal dialysis has been shown to improve methotrexate elimination. However, effective clearance of methotrexate has been reported with acute, intermittent hemodialysis using a high-flux dialyzer.
Adverse reactions
Information about undesirable effects, reasonably associated with use of the drug, that may occur as part of the pharmacological action of the drug or may be unpredictable in its occurrence. Adverse reactions include those that occur with the drug, and if applicable, with drugs in the same pharmacologically active and chemically related class. There is considerable variation in the listing of adverse reactions. They may be categorized by organ system, by severity of reaction, by frequency, by toxicological mechanism, or by a combination of these.6 ADVERSE REACTIONS The following adverse reactions are discussed in more detail in other sections of the labeling. • Bone Marrow Suppression [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 )] • Serious Infections [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 )] • Renal Toxicity and Increased Toxicity with Renal Impairment [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.3 )] • Gastrointestinal Toxicity [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.4 )] • Hepatic Toxicity [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.5 )] • Pulmonary Toxicity [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.6 )] • Hypersensitivity and Dermatologic Reactions [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.7 )] • Secondary Malignancies [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.8 )] • Ineffective Immunization and Risks Associated with Live Vaccines [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.10 )] • Infertility [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.11 )] • Increased Toxicity Due to Third‑Space Accumulation [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.12 )] • Soft Tissue and Bone Toxicity with Radiation Therapy [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.13 )] Most common adverse reactions are: ulcerative stomatitis, leukopenia, nausea, abdominal distress, and elevated liver function tests. Other frequently reported adverse reactions are malaise, fatigue, chills and fever, dizziness and decreased resistance to infection ( 6 ). To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Azurity Pharmaceuticals, Inc., at 1-855-379-0383 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug, and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. The most frequently reported adverse reactions include ulcerative stomatitis, leukopenia, nausea, and abdominal distress. Other frequently reported adverse reactions are malaise, fatigue, chills, fever, dizziness, and decreased resistance to infection. Folate deficiency states may increase methotrexate toxicity. Polyarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis The approximate incidences of adverse reactions reported in pediatric patients with JIA treated with oral, weekly doses of methotrexate (5 to 20 mg/m 2 /week or 0.1 to 0.65 mg/kg/week) were as follows (virtually all patients were receiving concomitant nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and some also were taking low doses of corticosteroids): elevated liver function tests, 14%; gastrointestinal reactions (e.g., nausea, vomiting, diarrhea), 11%; stomatitis, 2%; leukopenia, 2%; headache, 1.2%; alopecia, 0.5%; dizziness, 0.2%; and rash, 0.2%. Although there is experience with dosing up to 30 mg/m 2 /week in JIA, the published data for doses above 20 mg/m 2 /week are too limited to provide reliable estimates of adverse reaction rates. 6.2 Postmarketing Experience Additional adverse reactions which have been identified during postmarketing use of methotrexate are listed below by organ system. Blood and Lymphatic System Disorders: Suppressed hematopoiesis causing anemia, aplastic anemia, pancytopenia, leukopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, lymphadenopathy, lymphoproliferative disorders (including reversible), hypogammaglobulinemia Cardiovascular: Thromboembolic events (including arterial thrombosis, cerebral thrombosis, deep vein thrombosis, retinal vein thrombosis, thrombophlebitis, and pulmonary embolus), pericarditis, pericardial effusion, hypotension Eye Disorders: Optic neuropathy, transient blindness, blurred vision, ocular irritation, conjunctivitis, xerophthalmia Gastrointestinal Disorders: Gingivitis, pharyngitis, stomatitis, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hematemesis, melena, gastrointestinal ulceration and bleeding, enteritis, pancreatitis Hepatobiliary Disorders: Hepatotoxicity, acute hepatitis, chronic fibrosis and cirrhosis, decreased serum albumin, liver enzyme elevations Immune System Disorders: Vasculitis, lymphomas, and anaphylactoid reactions Infections: Fatal opportunistic infections (most commonly Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia). There have also been reports of other infections, pneumonia, sepsis, nocardiosis, histoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, Herpes zoster , Herpes simplex hepatitis, and disseminated Herpes simplex Metabolism: Hyperglycemia and tumor lysis syndrome Musculoskeletal System: Stress fracture, soft tissue necrosis, osteonecrosis, arthralgia, myalgia, osteoporosis Nervous System Disorders: Headaches, drowsiness, blurred vision, transient blindness, speech impairment (including dysarthria and aphasia), hemiparesis, paresis and convulsions have also occurred following administration of methotrexate. Following low doses, there have been reports of transient subtle cognitive dysfunction, mood alteration, unusual cranial sensations, leukoencephalopathy, or encephalopathy. Renal Disorders: Azotemia, hematuria, proteinuria, cystitis Reproductive Disorders: Defective oogenesis or spermatogenesis, menstrual dysfunction, loss of libido, impotence, vaginal discharge, gynecomastia Respiratory Disorders: Pulmonary fibrosis, respiratory failure, chronic interstitial obstructive pulmonary disease, pleuritic pain and thickening alveolitis Skin Disorders: Erythematous rashes, pruritus, urticaria, photosensitivity, pigmentary changes, alopecia, ecchymosis, telangiectasia, acne, furunculosis, erythema multiforme, toxic epidermal necrolysis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, skin necrosis, skin ulceration, accelerated nodulosis, and exfoliative dermatitis.
Xatmep Drug Interactions
Information about and practical guidance on preventing clinically significant drug/drug and drug/food interactions that may occur in people taking the drug.7 DRUG INTERACTIONS • Oral Antibiotics: May increase hematologic and gastrointestinal toxicity. Monitor patients accordingly ( 7.1 ). • Nitrous Oxide: May increase the risk of toxicity ( 7.1 ). • NSAIDs, Aspirin, and Steroids: May elevate and prolong serum methotrexate levels and increase gastrointestinal toxicity. Monitor patients accordingly ( 7.1 ). 7.1 Effect of Other Drugs on XATMEP Oral Antibiotics Penicillins may reduce the renal clearance of methotrexate; increased serum concentrations of methotrexate with concomitant hematologic and gastrointestinal toxicity have been observed with methotrexate. Monitor patients accordingly [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 , 5.4 )] . Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole has been reported to increase bone marrow suppression in patients receiving methotrexate. Monitor patients accordingly [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 )] . Hepatotoxins The potential for increased hepatotoxicity when methotrexate is administered with other hepatotoxic agents has not been evaluated; however, hepatotoxicity has been reported in such cases. Monitor patients receiving XATMEP with other potential hepatotoxins (e.g., azathioprine, retinoids, and sulfasalazine) for possible signs of hepatotoxicity. Probenecid Probenecid may reduce renal elimination of methotrexate. Consider alternative drugs. Nitrous Oxide The use of nitrous oxide anesthesia potentiates the effect of methotrexate on folate-dependent metabolic pathways, resulting in the potential for increase toxicity. Avoid the simultaneous use of nitrous oxide and methotrexate. Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs), Aspirin, and Steroids Concomitant administration of some NSAIDs with high dose methotrexate therapy has been reported to elevate and prolong serum methotrexate levels, resulting in deaths from severe hematologic and gastrointestinal toxicity. Caution should be used when NSAIDs and salicylates are administered concomitantly with lower doses of methotrexate, including XATMEP. These drugs have been reported to reduce the tubular secretion of methotrexate in an animal model and may enhance its toxicity. Despite the potential interactions, studies of methotrexate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, including patients with polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (pJIA), have usually included concurrent use of constant dosage regimens of NSAIDs, without apparent problems. It should be appreciated, however, that the doses used in pJIA (10 mg/m 2 /week as starting dose) are somewhat lower than those used in acute lymphoblastic leukemia and that larger doses could lead to unexpected toxicity. Aspirin, NSAIDs, and/or low dose steroids may be continued, although the possibility of increased toxicity with concomitant use of NSAIDs including salicylates has not been fully explored. Steroids may be reduced gradually in patients who respond to methotrexate. 7.2 Effect of XATMEP on Other Drugs Theophylline Methotrexate may decrease the clearance of theophylline. Monitor theophylline levels when coadministered with XATMEP.
Clinical pharmacology
Information about the clinical pharmacology and actions of the drug in humans.12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY 12.1 Mechanism of Action Methotrexate inhibits dihydrofolic acid reductase. Dihydrofolates must be reduced to tetrahydrofolates by this enzyme before they can be utilized as carriers of one-carbon groups in the synthesis of purine nucleotides and thymidylate. Therefore, methotrexate interferes with DNA synthesis, repair, and cellular replication. Actively proliferating tissues such as malignant cells, bone marrow, fetal cells, buccal and intestinal mucosa, and cells of the urinary bladder are in general more sensitive to this effect of methotrexate. The mechanism of action in pJIA is unknown; it may affect immune function. 12.2 Pharmacodynamics Two reports describe in vitro methotrexate inhibition of DNA precursor uptake by stimulated mono-nuclear cells, and another describes in animal polyarthritis partial correction by methotrexate of spleen cell hyporesponsiveness and suppressed IL 2 production. Other laboratories, however, have been unable to demonstrate similar effects. 12.3 Pharmacokinetics Absorption In pediatric patients with ALL, oral absorption of methotrexate appears to be dose dependent; the absorption of doses greater than 40 mg/m 2 is significantly less than that of lower doses. The extent of oral absorption ranges from 23% to 95%, and the time to peak concentration (T max ) ranges from 0.7 hours to 4 hours after an oral dose of 15 mg/m 2 . In pediatric patients with pJIA, mean serum concentrations were 0.59 micromolar (range, 0.03 to 1.40) at 1 hour, 0.44 micromolar (range, 0.01 to 1.00) at 2 hours, and 0.29 micromolar (range 0.06 to 0.58) at 3 hours following oral administration of methotrexate at a dose of 6.4 mg/m 2 /week to 11.2 mg/m 2 /week. Effect of Food The administration of XATMEP with food did not affect the area under the curve (AUC), but decreased the maximal concentrations (C max ) by 50% and delayed the absorption. Distribution After intravenous administration, the initial volume of distribution is approximately 0.18 L/kg (18% of body weight) and steady-state volume of distribution is approximately 0.4 to 0.8 L/kg (40% to 80% of body weight). Methotrexate competes with reduced folates for active transport across cell membranes by means of a single carrier-mediated active transport process. At serum concentrations greater than 100 micromolar, passive diffusion becomes a major pathway by which effective intracellular concentrations can be achieved. Methotrexate in serum is approximately 50% protein bound. Methotrexate does not penetrate the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier in therapeutic amounts when given orally. Elimination In adults, the half-life of methotrexate following administration of low dose methotrexate (less than 30 mg/m 2 ) ranges from 3 hours to 10 hours. In pediatric patients receiving methotrexate for ALL (6.3 mg/m 2 to 30 mg/m 2 ), the terminal half-life has been reported to range from 0.7 hours to 5.8 hours. In pediatric patients receiving methotrexate for JIA (3.75 mg/m 2 to 26.2 mg/m 2 ), the terminal half-life has been reported to range from 0.9 hours to 2.3 hours. Metabolism Methotrexate undergoes hepatic and intracellular metabolism to polyglutamated forms which can be converted back to methotrexate by hydrolase enzymes. These polyglutamates act as inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase and thymidylate synthetase. Small amounts of methotrexate polyglutamates may remain in tissues for extended periods. The retention and prolonged drug action of these active metabolites vary among different cells, tissues and tumors. A small amount of metabolism to 7‑hydroxymethotrexate may occur at doses commonly prescribed. The aqueous solubility of 7‑hydroxymethotrexate is 3- to 5-fold lower than the parent compound. Methotrexate is partially metabolized by intestinal flora after oral administration. Excretion Renal excretion is the primary route of elimination and is dependent upon dosage and route of administration. With IV administration, 80% to 90% of the administered dose is excreted unchanged in the urine within 24 hours. There is limited biliary excretion amounting to 10% or less of the administered dose. Enterohepatic recirculation of methotrexate has been proposed. Renal excretion occurs by glomerular filtration and active tubular secretion. Nonlinear elimination due to saturation of renal tubular reabsorption has been observed in patients at doses between 7.5 mg and 30 mg. Impaired renal function, as well as concurrent use of drugs such as weak organic acids that also undergo tubular secretion, can markedly increase methotrexate serum levels. Methotrexate clearance decreases at higher doses. Delayed drug clearance has been identified as one of the major factors responsible for methotrexate toxicity. When a patient has delayed drug elimination due to compromised renal function, a third-space effusion, or other causes, methotrexate serum concentrations may remain elevated for prolonged periods.
Mechanism of action
Information about the established mechanism(s) of the drugÕs action in humans at various levels (for example receptor, membrane, tissue, organ, whole body). If the mechanism of action is not known, this field contains a statement about the lack of information.12.1 Mechanism of Action Methotrexate inhibits dihydrofolic acid reductase. Dihydrofolates must be reduced to tetrahydrofolates by this enzyme before they can be utilized as carriers of one-carbon groups in the synthesis of purine nucleotides and thymidylate. Therefore, methotrexate interferes with DNA synthesis, repair, and cellular replication. Actively proliferating tissues such as malignant cells, bone marrow, fetal cells, buccal and intestinal mucosa, and cells of the urinary bladder are in general more sensitive to this effect of methotrexate. The mechanism of action in pJIA is unknown; it may affect immune function.
Pharmacodynamics
Information about any biochemical or physiologic pharmacologic effects of the drug or active metabolites related to the drugÕs clinical effect in preventing, diagnosing, mitigating, curing, or treating disease, or those related to adverse effects or toxicity.12.2 Pharmacodynamics Two reports describe in vitro methotrexate inhibition of DNA precursor uptake by stimulated mono-nuclear cells, and another describes in animal polyarthritis partial correction by methotrexate of spleen cell hyporesponsiveness and suppressed IL 2 production. Other laboratories, however, have been unable to demonstrate similar effects.
Pharmacokinetics
Information about the clinically significant pharmacokinetics of a drug or active metabolites, for instance pertinent absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion parameters.12.3 Pharmacokinetics Absorption In pediatric patients with ALL, oral absorption of methotrexate appears to be dose dependent; the absorption of doses greater than 40 mg/m 2 is significantly less than that of lower doses. The extent of oral absorption ranges from 23% to 95%, and the time to peak concentration (T max ) ranges from 0.7 hours to 4 hours after an oral dose of 15 mg/m 2 . In pediatric patients with pJIA, mean serum concentrations were 0.59 micromolar (range, 0.03 to 1.40) at 1 hour, 0.44 micromolar (range, 0.01 to 1.00) at 2 hours, and 0.29 micromolar (range 0.06 to 0.58) at 3 hours following oral administration of methotrexate at a dose of 6.4 mg/m 2 /week to 11.2 mg/m 2 /week. Effect of Food The administration of XATMEP with food did not affect the area under the curve (AUC), but decreased the maximal concentrations (C max ) by 50% and delayed the absorption. Distribution After intravenous administration, the initial volume of distribution is approximately 0.18 L/kg (18% of body weight) and steady-state volume of distribution is approximately 0.4 to 0.8 L/kg (40% to 80% of body weight). Methotrexate competes with reduced folates for active transport across cell membranes by means of a single carrier-mediated active transport process. At serum concentrations greater than 100 micromolar, passive diffusion becomes a major pathway by which effective intracellular concentrations can be achieved. Methotrexate in serum is approximately 50% protein bound. Methotrexate does not penetrate the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier in therapeutic amounts when given orally. Elimination In adults, the half-life of methotrexate following administration of low dose methotrexate (less than 30 mg/m 2 ) ranges from 3 hours to 10 hours. In pediatric patients receiving methotrexate for ALL (6.3 mg/m 2 to 30 mg/m 2 ), the terminal half-life has been reported to range from 0.7 hours to 5.8 hours. In pediatric patients receiving methotrexate for JIA (3.75 mg/m 2 to 26.2 mg/m 2 ), the terminal half-life has been reported to range from 0.9 hours to 2.3 hours. Metabolism Methotrexate undergoes hepatic and intracellular metabolism to polyglutamated forms which can be converted back to methotrexate by hydrolase enzymes. These polyglutamates act as inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase and thymidylate synthetase. Small amounts of methotrexate polyglutamates may remain in tissues for extended periods. The retention and prolonged drug action of these active metabolites vary among different cells, tissues and tumors. A small amount of metabolism to 7‑hydroxymethotrexate may occur at doses commonly prescribed. The aqueous solubility of 7‑hydroxymethotrexate is 3- to 5-fold lower than the parent compound. Methotrexate is partially metabolized by intestinal flora after oral administration. Excretion Renal excretion is the primary route of elimination and is dependent upon dosage and route of administration. With IV administration, 80% to 90% of the administered dose is excreted unchanged in the urine within 24 hours. There is limited biliary excretion amounting to 10% or less of the administered dose. Enterohepatic recirculation of methotrexate has been proposed. Renal excretion occurs by glomerular filtration and active tubular secretion. Nonlinear elimination due to saturation of renal tubular reabsorption has been observed in patients at doses between 7.5 mg and 30 mg. Impaired renal function, as well as concurrent use of drugs such as weak organic acids that also undergo tubular secretion, can markedly increase methotrexate serum levels. Methotrexate clearance decreases at higher doses. Delayed drug clearance has been identified as one of the major factors responsible for methotrexate toxicity. When a patient has delayed drug elimination due to compromised renal function, a third-space effusion, or other causes, methotrexate serum concentrations may remain elevated for prolonged periods.
Contraindications
Information about situations in which the drug product is contraindicated or should not be used because the risk of use clearly outweighs any possible benefit, including the type and nature of reactions that have been reported.4 CONTRAINDICATIONS XATMEP is contraindicated in the following: • Pregnancy in patients with non-malignant diseases. XATMEP can cause embryo-fetal toxicity and fetal death when administered during pregnancy [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.9 ), Use in Specific Populations ( 8.1 )] . • Patients with severe hypersensitivity to methotrexate [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.7 ), Adverse Reactions ( 6.1 , 6.2 )] . • Pregnancy (patients with pJIA) ( 4 ). • Severe hypersensitivity to methotrexate ( 4 ).
Description
General information about the drug product, including the proprietary and established name of the drug, the type of dosage form and route of administration to which the label applies, qualitative and quantitative ingredient information, the pharmacologic or therapeutic class of the drug, and the chemical name and structural formula of the drug.11 DESCRIPTION XATMEP contains methotrexate, a folate analog metabolic inhibitor. Chemically methotrexate is N-[4-[[(2,4-diamino-6-pteridinyl)methyl]methylamino]-benzoyl]-L-glutamic acid. The structural formula is: XATMEP is a clear yellow to orange oral solution that contains 2.5 mg of methotrexate per milliliter (equivalent to 2.74 mg of methotrexate sodium/mL). Inactive ingredients include purified water, sodium citrate, citric acid, methylparaben sodium, propylparaben sodium, and sucralose. It may also contain sodium hydroxide or hydrochloric acid for pH adjustment. Structural Formula
Dosage and administration
Information about the drug product’s dosage and administration recommendations, including starting dose, dose range, titration regimens, and any other clinically sigificant information that affects dosing recommendations.2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION • Use another formulation of methotrexate for patients requiring dosing via routes of administration other than oral ( 2.1 ). • Measure with an accurate measuring device ( 2.1 ). Recommended Dosage: • ALL: 20 mg/m 2 one time weekly ( 2.2 ). • pJIA: Starting dose of 10 mg/m 2 one time weekly ( 2.3 ). 2.1 Important Administration Information XATMEP is intended for oral use only. Use another formulation of methotrexate for alternative dosing in patients who require dosing via other routes of administration. Instruct patients and caregivers that the recommended dose should be taken weekly, as directed, and that mistaken daily use of the recommended dose has led to fatal toxicity [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.15 ), Overdosage ( 10 )]. It is important that XATMEP be measured with an accurate measuring device [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.15 ), Patient Counseling Information ( 17 )] . A household teaspoon is not an accurate measuring device. A pharmacist can provide an appropriate device and can provide instructions for measuring the correct dose. 2.2 Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia The recommended starting dose of XATMEP, in multi-agent combination chemotherapy maintenance regimens, is 20 mg/m 2 given one time weekly. After initiating XATMEP, continuation of appropriate dosing requires periodic monitoring of absolute neutrophil count (ANC) and platelet count to assure sufficient drug exposure (that is to maintain ANC at a desirable level) and to adjust for excessive hematological toxicity. 2.3 Polyarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis The recommended starting dose of XATMEP is 10 mg/m 2 given one time weekly. Dosages should be tailored to the individual patient and adjusted gradually to achieve an optimal response. Although there is experience with doses up to 30 mg/m 2 /week in pediatric patients, doses greater than 20 mg/m 2 /week may result in a significant increase in the incidence and severity of serious toxic reactions, especially bone marrow suppression. Doses between 20 and 30 mg/m 2 /week (0.65 to 1 mg/kg/week) may have better absorption and fewer gastrointestinal side effects if methotrexate is administered by an alternative route using another formulation. Therapeutic response usually begins within 3 to 6 weeks and the patient may continue to improve for another 12 weeks or more. Certain side effects such as mouth sores may be reduced by folate supplementation with methotrexate in pJIA. 2.4 Evaluations Prior to Starting Methotrexate Assess hematologic, hepatic, and renal function before beginning, as well as periodically during and before reinstituting, therapy with XATMEP [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 , 5.3 , 5.5 , 5.7 , 5.14 )] . Exclude pregnancy in females of reproductive potential before starting XATMEP [see Contraindications ( 4 ), Warnings and Precautions ( 5.9 ), Use in Specific Populations ( 8.1 , 8.3 )] . 2.5 Handling Information XATMEP is a cytotoxic drug. Follow applicable special handling and disposal procedures. 1
Dosage forms and strengths
Information about all available dosage forms and strengths for the drug product to which the labeling applies. This field may contain descriptions of product appearance.3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS XATMEP is a clear yellow to orange oral solution that contains 2.5 mg of methotrexate per milliliter. Oral solution: 2.5 mg/mL ( 3 ).
Indications and usage
A statement of each of the drug products indications for use, such as for the treatment, prevention, mitigation, cure, or diagnosis of a disease or condition, or of a manifestation of a recognized disease or condition, or for the relief of symptoms associated with a recognized disease or condition. This field may also describe any relevant limitations of use.1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE XATMEP is a folate analog metabolic inhibitor indicated for the: • Treatment of pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) as a component of a combination chemotherapy maintenance regimen ( 1.1 ). • Management of pediatric patients with active polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (pJIA) who are intolerant of or had an inadequate response to first-line therapy ( 1.2 ). 1.1 Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia XATMEP is indicated for the treatment of pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) as part of a multi-phase, combination chemotherapy maintenance regimen. 1.2 Polyarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis XATMEP is indicated in the management of pediatric patients with active polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (pJIA) who have had an insufficient therapeutic response to, or are intolerant of, an adequate trial of first-line therapy including full dose non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs).
Spl product data elements
Usually a list of ingredients in a drug product.Xatmep Methotrexate METHOTREXATE METHOTREXATE WATER SODIUM CITRATE, UNSPECIFIED FORM CITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATE METHYLPARABEN SODIUM PROPYLPARABEN SODIUM SUCRALOSE SODIUM HYDROXIDE HYDROCHLORIC ACID
Carcinogenesis and mutagenesis and impairment of fertility
Information about carcinogenic, mutagenic, or fertility impairment potential revealed by studies in animals. Information from human data about such potential is part of the warnings field.13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility Methotrexate has been evaluated in a number of animal studies for carcinogenic potential with inconclusive results. Although there is evidence that methotrexate causes chromosomal damage to animal somatic cells and human bone marrow cells, the clinical significance remains uncertain.
Nonclinical toxicology
Information about toxicology in non-human subjects.13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY 13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility Methotrexate has been evaluated in a number of animal studies for carcinogenic potential with inconclusive results. Although there is evidence that methotrexate causes chromosomal damage to animal somatic cells and human bone marrow cells, the clinical significance remains uncertain.
Package label principal display panel
The content of the principal display panel of the product package, usually including the product’s name, dosage forms, and other key information about the drug product.PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 120 mL Bottle Label 120 mL Bottle Label NDC 52652-2001-1 Xatmep ® (methotrexate) Oral Solution 2.5 mg/mL For Oral Use Only CAUTION: Cytotoxic agent 120 mL azurity pharmaceuticals Rx Only Each 1 mL contains 2.5 mg methotrexate (equivalent to 2.74 mg methotrexate sodium). Usual Dose: See prescribing information. KEEP THIS AND ALL MEDICATIONS OUT OF THE REACH OF CHILDREN Store refrigerated 2° - 8°C (36° - 46°F) Patients may store Xatmep either refrigerated or at room temperature (20° - 25°C/68° - 77°F). If stored at room temperature, discard after 60 days. Discard on _____/_____/_____ Manufactured for: Azurity Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Wilmington, MA 01887 USA Lot: Exp: Principal Display Panel - 120 mL Bottle Label
Spl unclassified section
Information not classified as belonging to one of the other fields. Approximately 40% of labeling with effective_time between June 2009 and August 2014 have information in this field.Manufactured for: Azurity Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Wilmington, MA 01887 USA U.S. Patent: 9,259,427; 9,855,215 This product’s label may have been updated. For current full prescribing information, please visit www.xatmep.com PI100072.03 Rev. 9/2020
Xatmep: Information for patients
Information necessary for patients to use the drug safely and effectively, such as precautions concerning driving or the concomitant use of other substances that may have harmful additive effects.17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION Importance of Proper Dosing and Administration Advise patients that the recommended dose should be taken one time weekly, as directed, and that mistaken daily use of the recommended dose has led to fatal toxicity [see Dosage and Administration ( 2.1 ), Warnings and Precautions ( 5.15 )] . Advise patients and caregivers to measure XATMEP with an accurate milliliter measuring device. A household teaspoon is not an accurate measuring device. Advise patients and caregivers to ask their pharmacist to recommend an appropriate measuring device and for instructions for measuring the correct dose. Bone Marrow Suppression and Serious Infections Advise patients to contact their healthcare provider for new onset fever, symptoms of infection, easy bruising or persistent bleeding [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 , 5.2 )] . Renal Toxicity Advise patients that methotrexate can cause renal toxicity [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.3 )] . Gastrointestinal Toxicity Advise patients to contact their healthcare provider if they develop diarrhea, vomiting, or stomatitis [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.4 )] . Hepatic Toxicity Advise patients concerning the risk of hepatic toxicity and avoidance of alcohol during methotrexate treatment [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.5 )] . Pulmonary Toxicity Advise patients to contact their healthcare provider for symptoms of cough, fever, and dyspnea [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.6 )] . Hypersensitivity Reactions Advise patients concerning the risk for severe hypersensitivity reactions due to XATMEP treatment. These can be fatal and may include severe dermatologic reactions such as toxic epidermal necrolysis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, exfoliative dermatitis, and erythema multiforme. Advise patients to contact their healthcare provider for signs of a new or worsening rash [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.7 )] . Secondary Malignancies Advise patients that there is a risk of secondary malignancies during or following treatment with XATMEP [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.8 )] . Embryo-Fetal Toxicity Advise females of reproductive potential of the potential risk to a fetus and to inform their healthcare provider of a known or suspected pregnancy [see Boxed Warning , Contraindications ( 4 ), Warnings and Precautions ( 5.9 ), Use in Specific Populations ( 8.1 )] . Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during XATMEP therapy and for 6 months after the final dose [see Use in Specific Populations ( 8.3 )] . Advise males of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during XATMEP therapy and for 3 months after the final dose [see Use in Specific Populations ( 8.3 )] . Ineffective Immunization and Risks Associated with Live Vaccines Advise patients to avoid receiving vaccines during treatment with XATMEP because they may not be effective and live virus vaccines may cause infection [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.10 )] . Infertility Advise patients of reproductive potential that XATMEP may cause impairment of fertility, oligospermia, and menstrual dysfunction [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.11 ), Use in Specific Populations ( 8.3 )] . Lactation Advise females not to breastfeed during therapy with XATMEP [see Use in Specific Populations ( 8.2 )] . Proper Storage and Disposal Advise patients to store XATMEP either refrigerated (2°C to 8°C/36°F to 46°F) or at room temperature (20°C to 25°C/68°F to 77°F) with excursions permitted to 15°C to 30°C/59°F to 86°F. If stored at room temperature, discard after 60 days. Inform patients and caregivers of the need for proper storage and disposal of dispensing bottles and dosing devices [see References ( 15 )] .
Clinical studies
This field may contain references to clinical studies in place of detailed discussion in other sections of the labeling.14 CLINICAL STUDIES Polyarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Clinical trials in patients with polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis were performed using other formulations of methotrexate. In a 6-month, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 127 pediatric patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) (mean age, 10.1 years; age range 2.5 to 18 years, mean duration of disease, 5.1 years) on background non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and/or prednisone, methotrexate given one time weekly at an oral dose of 10 mg/m 2 provided significant clinical improvement compared to placebo as measured by either the physician’s global assessment, or by a patient composite (25% reduction in the articular-severity score plus improvement in parent and physician global assessments of disease activity). Over two-thirds of the patients in this trial had polyarticular-course JIA, and the numerically greatest response was seen in this subgroup treated with 10 mg/m 2 /week methotrexate. The overwhelming majority of the remaining patients had systemic-course JIA. All patients were unresponsive to NSAIDs; approximately one-third were using low dose corticosteroids. Weekly methotrexate at a dose of 5 mg/m 2 was not significantly more effective than placebo in this trial.
References
This field may contain references when prescription drug labeling must summarize or otherwise relay on a recommendation by an authoritative scientific body, or on a standardized methodology, scale, or technique, because the information is important to prescribing decisions.15 REFERENCES 1. “Hazardous Drugs” OSHA. http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/hazardousdrugs/index.html
Pediatric use
Information about any limitations on any pediatric indications, needs for specific monitoring, hazards associated with use of the drug in any subsets of the pediatric population (such as neonates, infants, children, or adolescents), differences between pediatric and adult responses to the drug, and other information related to the safe and effective pediatric use of the drug.8.4 Pediatric Use Safety and effectiveness of XATMEP in pediatric patients have been established for the treatment of pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) as part of a multi-phase, combination chemotherapy maintenance regimen and for the management of pediatric patients with active polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (pJIA) [see Clinical Studies ( 14 )] .
Pregnancy
Information about effects the drug may have on pregnant women or on a fetus. This field may be ommitted if the drug is not absorbed systemically and the drug is not known to have a potential for indirect harm to the fetus. It may contain information about the established pregnancy category classification for the drug. (That information is nominally listed in the teratogenic_effects field, but may be listed here instead.)8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary Based on published reports and methotrexate’s mechanism of action, methotrexate is a teratogen that can cause embryo-fetal toxicity and fetal death when administered to a pregnant woman [see Data and Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.1 )] . In pregnant women with non-malignant disease, XATMEP is contraindicated. Consider the benefits and risks of XATMEP and risks to the fetus when prescribing XATMEP to a pregnant patient with a neoplastic disease. There are no animal data that meet current standards for nonclinical developmental toxicity studies. The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated populations are unknown. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2-4% and 15-20%, respectively. Data Human Data Published data from cases, literature reviews, and observational studies report that methotrexate exposure during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of embryo-fetal toxicity and fetal death. Methotrexate exposure during the first trimester of pregnancy is associated with an increased incidence of spontaneous abortions and multiple adverse developmental outcomes, including skull anomalies, facial dysmorphism, central nervous system abnormalities, limb abnormalities, and sometimes cardiac anomalies and intellectual impairment. Adverse outcomes associated with exposure during second and third trimesters of pregnancy include intrauterine growth restriction and functional abnormalities. Because methotrexate is widely distributed and persists in the body for a prolonged period, there is a potential risk to the fetus from preconception methotrexate exposure. A prospective multicenter study by U.S. and European teratology information services evaluated pregnancy outcomes in women taking methotrexate less than or equal to 30 mg/week after conception. The rate of spontaneous abortion/miscarriage in pregnant women exposed to methotrexate was 42.5% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 29.2-58.7), which was higher than in unexposed autoimmune disease comparators (22.5%, 95% CI 16.8-29.7) and unexposed nonautoimmune disease comparators (17.3%, 95% CI 13-22.8). Of the live births, the rate of major birth defects in pregnant women exposed to methotrexate after conception was higher than in autoimmune disease comparators (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.8 [95% CI 0.6-5.7]) and nonautoimmune disease comparators (adjusted OR 3.1 [95% CI 1.03-9.5]). Major birth defects associated with pregnancies exposed to methotrexate after conception were not always consistent with methotrexate-associated adverse developmental outcomes.
Use in specific populations
Information about use of the drug by patients in specific populations, including pregnant women and nursing mothers, pediatric patients, and geriatric patients.8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS Lactation: Advise women not to breastfeed ( 8.2 ). 8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary Based on published reports and methotrexate’s mechanism of action, methotrexate is a teratogen that can cause embryo-fetal toxicity and fetal death when administered to a pregnant woman [see Data and Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.1 )] . In pregnant women with non-malignant disease, XATMEP is contraindicated. Consider the benefits and risks of XATMEP and risks to the fetus when prescribing XATMEP to a pregnant patient with a neoplastic disease. There are no animal data that meet current standards for nonclinical developmental toxicity studies. The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated populations are unknown. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2-4% and 15-20%, respectively. Data Human Data Published data from cases, literature reviews, and observational studies report that methotrexate exposure during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of embryo-fetal toxicity and fetal death. Methotrexate exposure during the first trimester of pregnancy is associated with an increased incidence of spontaneous abortions and multiple adverse developmental outcomes, including skull anomalies, facial dysmorphism, central nervous system abnormalities, limb abnormalities, and sometimes cardiac anomalies and intellectual impairment. Adverse outcomes associated with exposure during second and third trimesters of pregnancy include intrauterine growth restriction and functional abnormalities. Because methotrexate is widely distributed and persists in the body for a prolonged period, there is a potential risk to the fetus from preconception methotrexate exposure. A prospective multicenter study by U.S. and European teratology information services evaluated pregnancy outcomes in women taking methotrexate less than or equal to 30 mg/week after conception. The rate of spontaneous abortion/miscarriage in pregnant women exposed to methotrexate was 42.5% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 29.2-58.7), which was higher than in unexposed autoimmune disease comparators (22.5%, 95% CI 16.8-29.7) and unexposed nonautoimmune disease comparators (17.3%, 95% CI 13-22.8). Of the live births, the rate of major birth defects in pregnant women exposed to methotrexate after conception was higher than in autoimmune disease comparators (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.8 [95% CI 0.6-5.7]) and nonautoimmune disease comparators (adjusted OR 3.1 [95% CI 1.03-9.5]). Major birth defects associated with pregnancies exposed to methotrexate after conception were not always consistent with methotrexate-associated adverse developmental outcomes. 8.2 Lactation Risk Summary Limited published literature report the presence of methotrexate in human milk in low amounts. The highest breast milk to plasma concentration ratio demonstrated was 0.08:1. No information is available on the effects of methotrexate on a breastfed infant or on milk production. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions, including myelosuppression, from methotrexate in breastfed infants, advise women not to breastfeed during XATMEP therapy. 8.3 Females and Males of Reproductive Potential Pregnancy Testing Test for pregnancy prior to initiating therapy with XATMEP. Contraception Females XATMEP can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman [see Use in Specific Populations ( 8.1 )] . Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during and for 6 months after the final methotrexate dose. Males Methotrexate can cause chromosomal damage to sperm cells. Advise males with female partners of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during and for at least 3 months after the final methotrexate dose. Infertility Females Based on published reports of female infertility after therapy with methotrexate, advise females of reproductive potential that XATMEP can cause impairment of fertility and menstrual dysfunction during and after cessation of therapy. It is not known if the infertility may be reversed in all affected females. Males Based on published reports of male infertility after therapy with methotrexate, advise males of reproductive potential that XATMEP can cause oligospermia or infertility during and after cessation of therapy. It is not known if the infertility may be reversed in all affected males. 8.4 Pediatric Use Safety and effectiveness of XATMEP in pediatric patients have been established for the treatment of pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) as part of a multi-phase, combination chemotherapy maintenance regimen and for the management of pediatric patients with active polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (pJIA) [see Clinical Studies ( 14 )] . 8.6 Renal Impairment Methotrexate elimination is reduced in patients with impaired renal function. Monitor patients with renal impairment for an extended period of time. Consider a dose reduction or, in some cases, discontinue XATMEP administration [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.3 )] . 8.7 Hepatic Impairment The effect of hepatic impairment on methotrexate pharmacokinetics has not been studied. Patients with hepatic impairment may be more susceptible to hepatotoxicity [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.5 )] . Consider dose adjustments or alternative treatments in patients with baseline hepatic impairment.
How supplied
Information about the available dosage forms to which the labeling applies, and for which the manufacturer or distributor is responsible. This field ordinarily includes the strength of the dosage form (in metric units), the units in which the dosage form is available for prescribing, appropriate information to facilitate identification of the dosage forms (such as shape, color, coating, scoring, and National Drug Code), and special handling and storage condition information.16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING XATMEP is a clear yellow to orange oral solution that contains 2.5 mg of methotrexate per milliliter (equivalent to 2.74 mg of methotrexate sodium/mL). It is packaged in a high-density polyethylene (HDPE) bottle with a child-resistant cap and tamper-evident seal. XATMEP is available in bottles of 60 mL (NDC 52652-2001-6) and 120 mL (NDC 52652-2001-1). Store XATMEP refrigerated (2°C to 8°C/36°F to 46°F) tightly closed in the original container prior to dispensing. Once dispensed, patients may store XATMEP either refrigerated (2°C to 8°C/36°F to 46°F) or at room temperature (20°C to 25°C/68°F to 77°F) with excursions permitted to 15°C to 30°C/59°F to 86°F [see USP Controlled Room Temperature]. If stored at room temperature, discard after 60 days. Avoid freezing and excessive heat.
Boxed warning
Information about contraindications or serious warnings, particularly those that may lead to death or serious injury.WARNING: SEVERE TOXIC REACTIONS, INCLUDING EMBRYO-FETAL TOXICITY Methotrexate can cause the following severe or fatal adverse reactions. Monitor closely and modify dose or discontinue methotrexate as appropriate. • Bone marrow suppression [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 )] • Serious infections [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 )] • Renal toxicity and increased toxicity with renal impairment [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.3 )] • Gastrointestinal toxicity [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.4 )] • Hepatic toxicity [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.5 )] • Pulmonary toxicity [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.6 )] • Hypersensitivity and dermatologic reactions [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.7 )] • Methotrexate can cause embryo-fetal toxicity, including fetal death. Use in pJIA is contraindicated in pregnancy. Consider the benefits and risks of XATMEP and risks to the fetus when prescribing XATMEP to a pregnant patient with a neoplastic disease. Advise females and males of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during and after treatment with XATMEP [see Contraindications ( 4 ), Warnings and Precautions ( 5.9 ), Use in Specific Populations ( 8.1 , 8.3 )]. WARNING: SEVERE TOXIC REACTIONS, INCLUDING EMBRYO-FETAL TOXICITY See full prescribing information for complete boxed warning. • Methotrexate can cause severe or fatal toxicities. Monitor closely and modify dose or discontinue for the following toxicities: bone marrow suppression ( 5.1 ), infection ( 5.2 ), renal ( 5.3 ), gastrointestinal ( 5.4 ), hepatic ( 5.5 ), pulmonary ( 5.6 ), hypersensitivity and dermatologic ( 5.7 ). • Methotrexate can cause embryo-fetal toxicity and fetal death. Use in polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis is contraindicated in pregnancy ( 4 ). Consider the benefits and risks of XATMEP and risks to the fetus when prescribing XATMEP to a pregnant patient with a neoplastic disease. Advise patients to use effective contraception during and after treatment with XATMEP ( 5.9 , 8.1 , 8.3 ).
Disclaimer: Do not rely on openFDA or Phanrmacy Near Me to make decisions regarding medical care. While we make every effort to ensure that data is accurate, you should assume all results are unvalidated. Source: OpenFDA, Healthporta Drugs API