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| Product NDC Code | 0121-0727 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Drug Name | Ranitidine |
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| Type | Generic | ||||
| Pharm Class | Histamine H2 Receptor Antagonists [MoA], Histamine-2 Receptor Antagonist [EPC] |
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| Active Ingredients |
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| Route | ORAL | ||||
| Dosage Form | SYRUP | ||||
| RxCUI drug identifier | 705610 | ||||
| Application Number | ANDA077405 | ||||
| Labeler Name | Pharmaceutical Associates, Inc. | ||||
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Overdosage of RANITIDINE
Information about signs, symptoms, and laboratory findings of acute ovedosage and the general principles of overdose treatment.OVERDOSAGE There has been limited experience with overdosage. Reported acute ingestions of up to 18 g orally have been associated with transient adverse effects similar to those encountered in normal clinical experience (see ADVERSE REACTIONS ). In addition, abnormalities of gait and hypotension have been reported. When overdosage occurs, the usual measures to remove unabsorbed material from the gastrointestinal tract, clinical monitoring, and supportive therapy should be employed. Studies in dogs receiving dosages of ranitidine in excess of 225 mg/kg/day have shown muscular tremors, vomiting, and rapid respiration. Single oral doses of 1,000 mg/kg in mice and rats were not lethal. Intravenous LD 50 values in mice and rats were 77 and 83 mg/kg, respectively.
Adverse reactions
Information about undesirable effects, reasonably associated with use of the drug, that may occur as part of the pharmacological action of the drug or may be unpredictable in its occurrence. Adverse reactions include those that occur with the drug, and if applicable, with drugs in the same pharmacologically active and chemically related class. There is considerable variation in the listing of adverse reactions. They may be categorized by organ system, by severity of reaction, by frequency, by toxicological mechanism, or by a combination of these.ADVERSE REACTIONS The following have been reported as events in clinical trials or in the routine management of patients treated with ranitidine. The relationship to therapy with ranitidine has been unclear in many cases. Headache, sometimes severe, seems to be related to administration of ranitidine. Central Nervous System Rarely, malaise, dizziness, somnolence, insomnia, and vertigo. Rare cases of reversible mental confusion, agitation, depression, and hallucinations have been reported, predominantly in severely ill elderly patients. Rare cases of reversible blurred vision suggestive of a change in accommodation have been reported. Rare reports of reversible involuntary motor disturbances have been received. Cardiovascular As with other H 2 -blockers, rare reports of arrhythmias such as tachycardia, bradycardia, atrioventricular block, and premature ventricular beats. Gastrointestinal Constipation, diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, abdominal discomfort/pain, and rare reports of pancreatitis. Hepatic There have been occasional reports of hepatocellular, cholestatic, or mixed hepatitis, with or without jaundice. In such circumstances, ranitidine should be immediately discontinued. These events are usually reversible, but in rare circumstances death has occurred. Rare cases of hepatic failure have also been reported. In normal volunteers, SGPT values were increased to at least twice the pretreatment levels in 6 of 12 subjects receiving 100 mg intravenously 4 times daily for 7 days, and in 4 of 24 subjects receiving 50 mg intravenously 4 times daily for 5 days. Musculoskeletal Rare reports of arthralgias and myalgias. Hematologic Blood count changes (leukopenia, granulocytopenia, and thrombocytopenia) have occurred in a few patients. These were usually reversible. Rare cases of agranulocytosis, pancytopenia, sometimes with marrow hypoplasia, and aplastic anemia and exceedingly rare cases of acquired immune hemolytic anemia have been reported. Endocrine Controlled studies in animals and man have shown no stimulation of any pituitary hormone by ranitidine and no antiandrogenic activity, and cimetidine-induced gynecomastia and impotence in hypersecretory patients have resolved when ranitidine has been substituted. However, occasional cases of impotence and loss of libido have been reported in male patients receiving ranitidine, but the incidence did not differ from that in the general population. Rare cases of breast symptoms and conditions, including galactorrhea and gynecomastia, have been reported in both males and females. Integumentary Rash, including rare cases of erythema multiforme. Rare cases of alopecia and vasculitis. Respiratory A large epidemiological study suggested an increased risk of developing pneumonia in current users of histamine-2-receptor antagonists (H 2 RAs) compared to patients who had stopped H 2 RA treatment, with an observed adjusted relative risk of 1.63 (95% CI, 1.07-2.48). However, a causal relationship between use of H 2 RAs and pneumonia has not been established. Other Rare cases of hypersensitivity reactions (e.g., bronchospasm, fever, rash, eosinophilia), anaphylaxis, angioneurotic edema, acute interstitial nephritis, and small increases in serum creatinine.
RANITIDINE Drug Interactions
Information about and practical guidance on preventing clinically significant drug/drug and drug/food interactions that may occur in people taking the drug.Drug Interactions Ranitidine has been reported to affect the bioavailability of other drugs through several different mechanisms such as competition for renal tubular secretion, alteration of gastric pH, and inhibition of cytochrome P450 enzymes. Procainamide Ranitidine, a substrate of the renal organic cation transport system, may affect the clearance of other drugs eliminated by this route. High doses of ranitidine (e.g., such as those used in the treatment of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome) have been shown to reduce the renal excretion of procainamide and N-acetylprocainamide resulting in increased plasma levels of these drugs. Although this interaction is unlikely to be clinically relevant at usual ranitidine doses, it may be prudent to monitor for procainamide toxicity when administered with oral ranitidine at a dose exceeding 300 mg per day. Warfarin There have been reports of altered prothrombin time among patients on concomitant warfarin and ranitidine therapy. Due to the narrow therapeutic index, close monitoring of increased or decreased prothrombin time is recommended during concurrent treatment with ranitidine. Ranitidine may alter the absorption of drugs in which gastric pH is an important determinant of bioavailability. This can result in either an increase in absorption (e.g., triazolam, midazolam, glipizide) or a decrease in absorption (e.g., ketoconazole, atazanavir, delavirdine, gefitinib). Appropriate clinical monitoring is recommended. Atazanavir Atazanavir absorption may be impaired based on known interactions with other agents that increase gastric pH. Use with caution. See atazanavir label for specific recommendations. Delavirdine Delavirdine absorption may be impaired based on known interactions with other agents that increase gastric pH. Chronic use of H 2 -receptor antagonists with delavirdine is not recommended. Gefitinib Gefitinib exposure was reduced by 44% with the coadministration of ranitidine and sodium bicarbonate (dosed to maintain gastric pH above 5.0). Use with caution. Glipizide In diabetic patients, glipizide exposure was increased by 34% following a single 150-mg dose of oral ranitidine. Use appropriate clinical monitoring when initiating or discontinuing ranitidine. Ketoconazole Oral ketoconazole exposure was reduced by up to 95% when oral ranitidine was coadministered in a regimen to maintain a gastric pH of 6 or above. The degree of interaction with usual dose of ranitidine (150 mg twice daily) is unknown. Midazolam Oral midazolam exposure in 5 healthy volunteers was increased by up to 65% when administered with oral ranitidine at a dose of 150 mg twice daily. However, in another interaction study in 8 volunteers receiving IV midazolam, a 300 mg oral dose of ranitidine increased midazolam exposure by about 9%. Monitor patients for excessive or prolonged sedation when ranitidine is coadministered with oral midazolam. Triazolam Triazolam exposure in healthy volunteers was increased by approximately 30% when administered with oral ranitidine at a dose of 150 mg twice daily. Monitor patients for excessive or prolonged sedation.
Clinical pharmacology
Information about the clinical pharmacology and actions of the drug in humans.CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY Ranitidine is a competitive, reversible inhibitor of the action of histamine at the histamine H 2 -receptors, including receptors on the gastric cells. Ranitidine does not lower serum Ca++ in hypercalcemic states. Ranitidine is not an anticholinergic agent. Pharmacokinetics Absorption Ranitidine is 50% absorbed after oral administration, compared to an intravenous (IV) injection with mean peak levels of 440 to 545 ng/mL occurring 2 to 3 hours after a 150-mg dose. The oral solution is bioequivalent to the tablets. Absorption is not significantly impaired by the administration of food or antacids. Propantheline slightly delays and increases peak blood levels of ranitidine, probably by delaying gastric emptying and transit time. In one study, simultaneous administration of high-potency antacid (150 mmol) in fasting subjects has been reported to decrease the absorption of ranitidine. Distribution The volume of distribution is about 1.4 L/kg. Serum protein binding averages 15%. Metabolism In humans, the N-oxide is the principal metabolite in the urine; however, this amounts to <4% of the dose. Other metabolites are the S-oxide (1%) and the desmethyl ranitidine (1%). The remainder of the administered dose is found in the stool. Studies in patients with hepatic dysfunction (compensated cirrhosis) indicate that there are minor, but clinically insignificant, alterations in ranitidine half-life, distribution, clearance, and bioavailability. Excretion The principal route of excretion is the urine, with approximately 30% of the orally administered dose collected in the urine as unchanged drug in 24 hours. Renal clearance is about 410 mL/min, indicating active tubular excretion. The elimination half-life is 2.5 to 3 hours. Four patients with clinically significant renal function impairment (creatinine clearance 25 to 35 mL/min) administered 50 mg of ranitidine intravenously had an average plasma half-life of 4.8 hours, a ranitidine clearance of 29 mL/min, and a volume of distribution of 1.76 L/kg. In general, these parameters appear to be altered in proportion to creatinine clearance (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION ). Geriatrics The plasma half-life is prolonged and total clearance is reduced in the elderly population due to a decrease in renal function. The elimination half-life is 3 to 4 hours. Peak levels average 526 ng/mL following a 150-mg twice daily dose and occur in about 3 hours (see PRECAUTIONS: Geriatric Use and DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION: Dosage Adjustment for Patients With Impaired Renal Function ). Pediatrics There are no significant differences in the pharmacokinetic parameter values for ranitidine in pediatric patients (from 1 month up to 16 years of age) and healthy adults when correction is made for body weight. The average bioavailability of ranitidine given orally to pediatric patients is 48% which is comparable to the bioavailability of ranitidine in the adult population. All other pharmacokinetic parameter values (t 1/2 , Vd, and CL) are similar to those observed with intravenous ranitidine use in pediatric patients. Estimates of C max and T max are displayed in Table 1. Table 1. Ranitidine Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients Following Oral Dosing Population (age) n Dosage Form (dose) C max (ng/mL) T max (hours) Gastric or duodenal ulcer (3.5 to 16 years) 12 Tablets (1 to 2 mg/kg) 54 to 492 2.0 Otherwise healthy requiring Ranitidine (0.7 to 14 years, Single dose) 10 Oral Solution (2 mg/kg) 244 1.61 Otherwise healthy requiring Ranitidine (0.7 to 14 years, Multiple dose) 10 Oral Solution (2 mg/kg) 320 1.66 Plasma clearance measured in 2 neonatal patients (less than 1 month of age) was considerably lower (3 mL/min/kg) than children or adults and is likely due to reduced renal function observed in this population (see PRECAUTIONS: Pediatric Use and DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION: Pediatric Use ). Pharmacodynamics Serum concentrations necessary to inhibit 50% of stimulated gastric acid secretion are estimated to be 36 to 94 ng/mL. Following a single oral dose of 150 mg, serum concentrations of ranitidine are in this range up to 12 hours. However, blood levels bear no consistent relationship to dose or degree of acid inhibition. Antisecretory Activity 1. Effects on Acid Secretion Ranitidine inhibits both daytime and nocturnal basal gastric acid secretions as well as gastric acid secretion stimulated by food, betazole, and pentagastrin, as shown in Table 2. Table 2. Effect of Oral Ranitidine Syrup (Ranitidine Oral Solution USP) on Gastric Acid Secretion Time After Dose, hours % Inhibition of Gastric Acid Output by Dose, mg 75-80 100 150 200 Basal Up to 4 99 95 Nocturnal Up to 13 95 96 92 Betazole Up to 3 97 99 Pentagastrin Up to 5 58 72 72 80 Meal Up to 3 73 79 95 It appears that basal-, nocturnal-, and betazole-stimulated secretions are most sensitive to inhibition by ranitidine, responding almost completely to doses of 100 mg or less, while pentagastrin- and food-stimulated secretions are more difficult to suppress. 2. Effects on Other Gastrointestinal Secretions Pepsin Oral ranitidine does not affect pepsin secretion. Total pepsin output is reduced in proportion to the decrease in volume of gastric juice. Intrinsic Factor Oral ranitidine has no significant effect on pentagastrin-stimulated intrinsic factor secretion. Serum Gastrin Ranitidine has little or no effect on fasting or postprandial serum gastrin. Other Pharmacologic Actions Gastric bacterial flora—increase in nitrate-reducing organisms, significance not known. Prolactin levels—no effect in recommended oral or IV dosage, but small, transient, dose-related increases in serum prolactin have been reported after IV bolus injections of 100 mg or more. Other pituitary hormones—no effect on serum gonadotropins, TSH, or GH. Possible impairment of vasopressin release. No change in cortisol, aldosterone, androgen, or estrogen levels. No antiandrogenic action. No effect on count, motility, or morphology of sperm. Pediatrics Oral doses of 6 to 10 mg/kg/day in 2 or 3 divided doses maintain gastric pH>4 throughout most of the dosing interval.
| Population (age) | n | Dosage Form (dose) | C max (ng/mL) | T max (hours) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gastric or duodenal ulcer (3.5 to 16 years) | 12 | Tablets (1 to 2 mg/kg) | 54 to 492 | 2.0 |
| Otherwise healthy requiring Ranitidine (0.7 to 14 years, Single dose) | 10 | Oral Solution (2 mg/kg) | 244 | 1.61 |
| Otherwise healthy requiring Ranitidine (0.7 to 14 years, Multiple dose) | 10 | Oral Solution (2 mg/kg) | 320 | 1.66 |
| Time After Dose, hours | % Inhibition of Gastric Acid Output by Dose, mg | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 75-80 | 100 | 150 | 200 | ||
| Basal | Up to 4 | 99 | 95 | ||
| Nocturnal | Up to 13 | 95 | 96 | 92 | |
| Betazole | Up to 3 | 97 | 99 | ||
| Pentagastrin | Up to 5 | 58 | 72 | 72 | 80 |
| Meal | Up to 3 | 73 | 79 | 95 | |
Pharmacodynamics
Information about any biochemical or physiologic pharmacologic effects of the drug or active metabolites related to the drugÕs clinical effect in preventing, diagnosing, mitigating, curing, or treating disease, or those related to adverse effects or toxicity.Pharmacodynamics Serum concentrations necessary to inhibit 50% of stimulated gastric acid secretion are estimated to be 36 to 94 ng/mL. Following a single oral dose of 150 mg, serum concentrations of ranitidine are in this range up to 12 hours. However, blood levels bear no consistent relationship to dose or degree of acid inhibition.
Pharmacokinetics
Information about the clinically significant pharmacokinetics of a drug or active metabolites, for instance pertinent absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion parameters.Pharmacokinetics Absorption Ranitidine is 50% absorbed after oral administration, compared to an intravenous (IV) injection with mean peak levels of 440 to 545 ng/mL occurring 2 to 3 hours after a 150-mg dose. The oral solution is bioequivalent to the tablets. Absorption is not significantly impaired by the administration of food or antacids. Propantheline slightly delays and increases peak blood levels of ranitidine, probably by delaying gastric emptying and transit time. In one study, simultaneous administration of high-potency antacid (150 mmol) in fasting subjects has been reported to decrease the absorption of ranitidine. Distribution The volume of distribution is about 1.4 L/kg. Serum protein binding averages 15%. Metabolism In humans, the N-oxide is the principal metabolite in the urine; however, this amounts to <4% of the dose. Other metabolites are the S-oxide (1%) and the desmethyl ranitidine (1%). The remainder of the administered dose is found in the stool. Studies in patients with hepatic dysfunction (compensated cirrhosis) indicate that there are minor, but clinically insignificant, alterations in ranitidine half-life, distribution, clearance, and bioavailability. Excretion The principal route of excretion is the urine, with approximately 30% of the orally administered dose collected in the urine as unchanged drug in 24 hours. Renal clearance is about 410 mL/min, indicating active tubular excretion. The elimination half-life is 2.5 to 3 hours. Four patients with clinically significant renal function impairment (creatinine clearance 25 to 35 mL/min) administered 50 mg of ranitidine intravenously had an average plasma half-life of 4.8 hours, a ranitidine clearance of 29 mL/min, and a volume of distribution of 1.76 L/kg. In general, these parameters appear to be altered in proportion to creatinine clearance (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION ). Geriatrics The plasma half-life is prolonged and total clearance is reduced in the elderly population due to a decrease in renal function. The elimination half-life is 3 to 4 hours. Peak levels average 526 ng/mL following a 150-mg twice daily dose and occur in about 3 hours (see PRECAUTIONS: Geriatric Use and DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION: Dosage Adjustment for Patients With Impaired Renal Function ). Pediatrics There are no significant differences in the pharmacokinetic parameter values for ranitidine in pediatric patients (from 1 month up to 16 years of age) and healthy adults when correction is made for body weight. The average bioavailability of ranitidine given orally to pediatric patients is 48% which is comparable to the bioavailability of ranitidine in the adult population. All other pharmacokinetic parameter values (t 1/2 , Vd, and CL) are similar to those observed with intravenous ranitidine use in pediatric patients. Estimates of C max and T max are displayed in Table 1. Table 1. Ranitidine Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients Following Oral Dosing Population (age) n Dosage Form (dose) C max (ng/mL) T max (hours) Gastric or duodenal ulcer (3.5 to 16 years) 12 Tablets (1 to 2 mg/kg) 54 to 492 2.0 Otherwise healthy requiring Ranitidine (0.7 to 14 years, Single dose) 10 Oral Solution (2 mg/kg) 244 1.61 Otherwise healthy requiring Ranitidine (0.7 to 14 years, Multiple dose) 10 Oral Solution (2 mg/kg) 320 1.66 Plasma clearance measured in 2 neonatal patients (less than 1 month of age) was considerably lower (3 mL/min/kg) than children or adults and is likely due to reduced renal function observed in this population (see PRECAUTIONS: Pediatric Use and DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION: Pediatric Use ).
| Population (age) | n | Dosage Form (dose) | C max (ng/mL) | T max (hours) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gastric or duodenal ulcer (3.5 to 16 years) | 12 | Tablets (1 to 2 mg/kg) | 54 to 492 | 2.0 |
| Otherwise healthy requiring Ranitidine (0.7 to 14 years, Single dose) | 10 | Oral Solution (2 mg/kg) | 244 | 1.61 |
| Otherwise healthy requiring Ranitidine (0.7 to 14 years, Multiple dose) | 10 | Oral Solution (2 mg/kg) | 320 | 1.66 |
Contraindications
Information about situations in which the drug product is contraindicated or should not be used because the risk of use clearly outweighs any possible benefit, including the type and nature of reactions that have been reported.CONTRAINDICATIONS Ranitidine is contraindicated for patients known to have hypersensitivity to the drug or any of the ingredients (see PRECAUTIONS ).
Description
General information about the drug product, including the proprietary and established name of the drug, the type of dosage form and route of administration to which the label applies, qualitative and quantitative ingredient information, the pharmacologic or therapeutic class of the drug, and the chemical name and structural formula of the drug.DESCRIPTION The active ingredient in Ranitidine Syrup (Ranitidine Oral Solution USP) is ranitidine hydrochloride (HCl) USP, a histamine H 2 -receptor antagonist. Chemically, it is N[2-[[[5-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-2-furanyl]methyl]thio]ethyl]-N' -methyl-2-nitro-1,1-ethenediamine, HCl. It has the following structure: The empirical formula is C 13 H 22 N 4 O 3 S•HCl, representing a molecular weight of 350.87. Ranitidine HCl is a white to pale yellow, granular substance that is soluble in water. It has a slightly bitter taste and sulfurlike odor. Each 1 mL of Ranitidine Syrup (Ranitidine Oral Solution USP) contains 16.8 mg of ranitidine HCl equivalent to 15 mg of ranitidine. Ranitidine Syrup (Ranitidine Oral Solution USP) also contains the inactive ingredients dibasic sodium phosphate, hydroxyethylcellulose, methylparaben, purified water, sodium chloride, sodium saccharin, spearmint flavor, sucrose and may contain monobasic sodium phosphate. Chemical Structure
Dosage and administration
Information about the drug product’s dosage and administration recommendations, including starting dose, dose range, titration regimens, and any other clinically sigificant information that affects dosing recommendations.DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION Active Duodenal Ulcer The current recommended adult oral dosage of Ranitidine Syrup (Ranitidine Oral Solution USP) for duodenal ulcer is 150 mg or 10 mL of oral solution (2 teaspoonfuls of oral solution equivalent to 150 mg of ranitidine) twice daily. An alternative dosage of 300 mg or 20 mL of oral solution (4 teaspoonfuls of oral solution equivalent to 300 mg of ranitidine) once daily after the evening meal or at bedtime can be used for patients in whom dosing convenience is important. The advantages of one treatment regimen compared to the other in a particular patient population have yet to be demonstrated (see Clinical Trials: Active Duodenal Ulcer ) . Smaller doses have been shown to be equally effective in inhibiting gastric acid secretion in US studies, and several foreign trials have shown that 100 mg twice daily is as effective as the 150-mg dose. Antacid should be given as needed for relief of pain (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY: Pharmacokinetics ). Maintenance of Healing of Duodenal Ulcers The current recommended adult oral dosage is 150 mg or 10 mL of oral solution (2 teaspoonfuls of oral solution equivalent to 150 mg of ranitidine) at bedtime. Pathological Hypersecretory Conditions (such as Zollinger-Ellison syndrome) The current recommended adult oral dosage is 150 mg or 10 mL of oral solution (2 teaspoonfuls of oral solution equivalent to 150 mg of ranitidine) twice daily. In some patients it may be necessary to administer ranitidine 150-mg doses more frequently. Dosages should be adjusted to individual patient needs, and should continue as long as clinically indicated. Dosages up to 6 g/day have been employed in patients with severe disease. Benign Gastric Ulcer The current recommended adult oral dosage is 150 mg or 10 mL of oral solution (2 teaspoonfuls of oral solution equivalent to 150 mg of ranitidine) twice daily. Maintenance of Healing of Gastric Ulcers The current recommended adult oral dosage is 150 mg or 10 mL of oral solution (2 teaspoonfuls of oral solution equivalent to 150 mg of ranitidine) at bedtime. GERD The current recommended adult oral dosage is 150 mg or 10 mL of oral solution (2 teaspoonfuls of oral solution equivalent to 150 mg of ranitidine) twice daily. Erosive Esophagitis The current recommended adult oral dosage is 150 mg or 10 mL of oral solution (2 teaspoonfuls of oral solution equivalent to 150 mg of ranitidine) 4 times daily. Maintenance of Healing of Erosive Esophagitis The current recommended adult oral dosage is 150 mg or 10 mL of oral solution (2 teaspoonfuls of oral solution equivalent to 150 mg of ranitidine) twice daily. Pediatric Use The safety and effectiveness of ranitidine have been established in the age-group of 1 month to 16 years. There is insufficient information about the pharmacokinetics of ranitidine in neonatal patients (less than 1 month of age) to make dosing recommendations. The following 3 subsections provide dosing information for each of the pediatric indications. Treatment of Duodenal and Gastric Ulcers The recommended oral dose for the treatment of active duodenal and gastric ulcers is 2 to 4 mg/kg twice daily to a maximum of 300 mg/day. This recommendation is derived from adult clinical studies and pharmacokinetic data in pediatric patients. Maintenance of Healing of Duodenal and Gastric Ulcers The recommended oral dose for the maintenance of healing of duodenal and gastric ulcers is 2 to 4 mg/kg once daily to a maximum of 150 mg/day. This recommendation is derived from adult clinical studies and pharmacokinetic data in pediatric patients. Treatment of GERD and Erosive Esophagitis Although limited data exist for these conditions in pediatric patients, published literature supports a dosage of 5 to 10 mg/kg/day, usually given as 2 divided doses. Dosage Adjustment for Patients With Impaired Renal Function On the basis of experience with a group of subjects with severely impaired renal function treated with ranitidine, the recommended dosage in patients with a creatinine clearance <50 mL/min is 150 mg or 10 mL of oral solution (2 teaspoonfuls of oral solution equivalent to 150 mg of ranitidine) every 24 hours. Should the patient's condition require, the frequency of dosing may be increased to every 12 hours or even further with caution. Hemodialysis reduces the level of circulating ranitidine. Ideally, the dosing schedule should be adjusted so that the timing of a scheduled dose coincides with the end of hemodialysis. Elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, therefore caution should be exercised in dose selection, and it may be useful to monitor renal function (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY: Pharmacokinetics: Geriatrics and PRECAUTIONS: Geriatric Use ).
Indications and usage
A statement of each of the drug products indications for use, such as for the treatment, prevention, mitigation, cure, or diagnosis of a disease or condition, or of a manifestation of a recognized disease or condition, or for the relief of symptoms associated with a recognized disease or condition. This field may also describe any relevant limitations of use.INDICATIONS AND USAGE Ranitidine Syrup (Ranitidine Oral Solution USP) is indicated in: Short-term treatment of active duodenal ulcer. Most patients heal within 4 weeks. Studies available to date have not assessed the safety of ranitidine in uncomplicated duodenal ulcer for periods of more than 8 weeks. Maintenance therapy for duodenal ulcer patients at reduced dosage after healing of acute ulcers. No placebo-controlled comparative studies have been carried out for periods of longer than 1 year. The treatment of pathological hypersecretory conditions (e.g., Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and systemic mastocytosis). Short-term treatment of active, benign gastric ulcer. Most patients heal within 6 weeks and the usefulness of further treatment has not been demonstrated. Studies available to date have not assessed the safety of ranitidine in uncomplicated, benign gastric ulcer for periods of more than 6 weeks. Maintenance therapy for gastric ulcer patients at reduced dosage after healing of acute ulcers. Placebo-controlled studies have been carried out for 1 year. Treatment of GERD. Symptomatic relief commonly occurs within 24 hours after starting therapy with ranitidine 150 mg twice daily. Treatment of endoscopically diagnosed erosive esophagitis. Symptomatic relief of heartburn commonly occurs within 24 hours of therapy initiation with ranitidine 150 mg 4 times daily. Maintenance of healing of erosive esophagitis. Placebo-controlled trials have been carried out for 48 weeks. Concomitant antacids should be given as needed for pain relief to patients with active duodenal ulcer; active, benign gastric ulcer; hypersecretory states; GERD; and erosive esophagitis.
Spl product data elements
Usually a list of ingredients in a drug product.Ranitidine RANITIDINE RANITIDINE RANITIDINE PALE Ranitidine RANITIDINE RANITIDINE RANITIDINE PALE
Carcinogenesis and mutagenesis and impairment of fertility
Information about carcinogenic, mutagenic, or fertility impairment potential revealed by studies in animals. Information from human data about such potential is part of the warnings field.Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility There was no indication of tumorigenic or carcinogenic effects in life-span studies in mice and rats at dosages up to 2,000 mg/kg/day. Ranitidine was not mutagenic in standard bacterial tests ( Salmonella, Escherichia coli ) for mutagenicity at concentrations up to the maximum recommended for these assays. In a dominant lethal assay, a single oral dose of 1,000 mg/kg to male rats was without effect on the outcome of 2 matings per week for the next 9 weeks.
Laboratory tests
Information on laboratory tests helpful in following the patient’s response to the drug or in identifying possible adverse reactions. If appropriate, information may be provided on such factors as the range of normal and abnormal values expected in the particular situation and the recommended frequency with which tests should be performed before, during, and after therapy.Laboratory Tests False-positive tests for urine protein with MULTISTIX® may occur during ranitidine therapy, and therefore testing with sulfosalicylic acid is recommended.
Package label principal display panel
The content of the principal display panel of the product package, usually including the product’s name, dosage forms, and other key information about the drug product.PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 473 mL Bottle Label Ranitidine Syrup (Ranitidine Oral Solution USP) 15 mg/mL (75 mg/5 mL) Each 1 mL contains: 16.8 mg of ranitidine hydrochloride equivalent to 15 mg of ranitidine. Alcohol Free Rx ONLY 16 fl oz (473 mL) Pharmaceutical Associates, Inc. Greenville, SC 29605 PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 473 mL Bottle Label
PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 10 mL Cup Lid Delivers 10 mL NDC 0121-4727-10 R ANITIDINE S YRUP (Ranitidine Oral Solution USP) 150 mg/10 mL Each 1 mL contains 16.8 mg of Ranitidine hydrochloride equivalent to 15 mg of ranitidine. Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F). (See USP Controlled Room Temperature) Do not freeze. FOR INSTITUTIONAL USE ONLY Usual Dosage: See Package Insert for Complete Dosage Recommendations. Rx ONLY PHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATES, INC. GREENVILLE, SC 29605 PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 10 mL Cup Lid
Spl unclassified section
Information not classified as belonging to one of the other fields. Approximately 40% of labeling with effective_time between June 2009 and August 2014 have information in this field.Rx ONLY
MULTISTIX ® is a registered trademark of Bayer Healthcare LLC. MANUFACTURED BY Pharmaceutical Associates, Inc. Greenville, SC 29605 www.paipharma.com R02/18 I07270218
Clinical studies
This field may contain references to clinical studies in place of detailed discussion in other sections of the labeling.Clinical Trials Active Duodenal Ulcer In a multicenter, double-blind, controlled, US study of endoscopically diagnosed duodenal ulcers, earlier healing was seen in the patients treated with ranitidine as shown in Table 3. Table 3. Duodenal Ulcer Patient Healing Rates Ranitidine All patients were permitted antacids as needed for relief of pain. Placebo Number Entered Healed/ Evaluable Number Entered Healed/ Evaluable Outpatients Week 2 69/182 31/164 195 (38%) P<0.0001. 188 (19%) Week 4 137/187 76/168 (73%) (45%) In these studies, patients treated with ranitidine reported a reduction in both daytime and nocturnal pain, and they also consumed less antacid than the placebo-treated patients. Table 4. Mean Daily Doses of Antacid Ulcer Healed Ulcer Not Healed Ranitidine 0.06 0.71 Placebo 0.71 1.43 Foreign studies have shown that patients heal equally well with 150 mg twice daily and 300 mg at bedtime (85% versus 84%, respectively) during a usual 4-week course of therapy. If patients require extended therapy of 8 weeks, the healing rate may be higher for 150 mg twice daily as compared to 300 mg at bedtime (92% versus 87%, respectively). Studies have been limited to short-term treatment of acute duodenal ulcer. Patients whose ulcers healed during therapy had recurrences of ulcers at the usual rates. Maintenance Therapy in Duodenal Ulcer Ranitidine has been found to be effective as maintenance therapy for patients following healing of acute duodenal ulcers. In 2 independent, double-blind, multicenter, controlled trials, the number of duodenal ulcers observed was significantly less in patients treated with ranitidine (150 mg at bedtime) than in patients treated with placebo over a 12-month period. Table 5. Duodenal Ulcer Prevalence Double-Blind, Multicenter, Placebo-Controlled Trials Drug No. of Duodenal Ulcer Prevalence Patients Multicenter Trial 0-4 Months 0-8 Months 0-12 Months % = Life table estimate. RAN - ranitidine. PLC = placebo. USA RAN 20% = P<0.05 (ranitidine versus comparator). 24% 35% 138 PLC 44% 54% 59% 139 Foreign RAN 12% 21% 28% 174 PLC 56% 64% 68% 165 As with other H 2 -antagonists, the factors responsible for the significant reduction in the prevalence of duodenal ulcers include prevention of recurrence of ulcers, more rapid healing of ulcers that may occur during maintenance therapy, or both. Gastric Ulcer In a multicenter, double-blind, controlled, US study of endoscopically diagnosed gastric ulcers, earlier healing was seen in the patients treated with ranitidine as shown in Table 6. Table 6. Gastric Ulcer Patient Healing Rates Ranitidine All patients were permitted antacids as needed for relief of pain. Placebo Number Entered Healed/ Evaluable Number Entered Healed/ Evaluable Outpatients Week 2 16/83 10/83 92 (19%) 94 (12%) Week 6 50/73 35/69 (68%) P = 0.009. (51%) In this multicenter trial, significantly more patients treated with ranitidine became pain free during therapy. Maintenance of Healing of Gastric Ulcers In 2 multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, 12-month trials conducted in patients whose gastric ulcers had been previously healed, Ranitidine 150 mg at bedtime was significantly more effective than placebo in maintaining healing of gastric ulcers. Pathological Hypersecretory Conditions (such as Zollinger-Ellison syndrome) Ranitidine inhibits gastric acid secretion and reduces occurrence of diarrhea, anorexia, and pain in patients with pathological hypersecretion associated with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, systemic mastocytosis, and other pathological hypersecretory conditions (e.g., postoperative, "short-gut" syndrome, idiopathic). Use of ranitidine was followed by healing of ulcers in 8 of 19 (42%) patients who were intractable to previous therapy. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) In 2 multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 6-week trials performed in the United States and Europe, ranitidine 150 mg twice daily was more effective than placebo for the relief of heartburn and other symptoms associated with GERD. Ranitidine-treated patients consumed significantly less antacid than did placebo-treated patients. The US trial indicated that ranitidine 150 mg twice daily significantly reduced the frequency of heartburn attacks and severity of heartburn pain within 1 to 2 weeks after starting therapy. The improvement was maintained throughout the 6-week trial period. Moreover, patient response rates demonstrated that the effect on heartburn extends through both the day and night time periods. In 2 additional US multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 2-week trials, ranitidine 150 mg twice daily was shown to provide relief of heartburn pain within 24 hours of initiating therapy and a reduction in the frequency of severity of heartburn. Erosive Esophagitis In 2 multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, 12-week trials performed in the United States, ranitidine 150 mg 4 times daily was significantly more effective than placebo in healing endoscopically diagnosed erosive esophagitis and in relieving associated heartburn. The erosive esophagitis healing rates were as follows: Table 7. Erosive Esophagitis Patient Healing Rates Healed/Evaluable Placebo All patients were permitted antacids as needed for relief of pain. n =229 Ranitidine 150 mg 4 times daily n = 215 Week 4 43/198 (22%) 96/206 (47%) P<0.001 versus placebo. Week 8 63/176 (36%) 142/200 (71%) Week 12 92/159 (58%) 162/192 (84%) No additional benefit in healing of esophagitis or in relief of heartburn was seen with a ranitidine dose of 300 mg 4 times daily. Maintenance of Healing of Erosive Esophagitis In 2 multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, 48-week trials conducted in patients whose erosive esophagitis had been previously healed, ranitidine 150 mg twice daily was significantly more effective than placebo in maintaining healing of erosive esophagitis.
| Ranitidine | Placebo | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number Entered | Healed/ Evaluable | Number Entered | Healed/ Evaluable | |
| Outpatients | ||||
| Week 2 | 69/182 | 31/164 | ||
| 195 | (38%) | 188 | (19%) | |
| Week 4 | 137/187 | 76/168 | ||
| (73%) | (45%) | |||
| Ulcer Healed | Ulcer Not Healed | |
|---|---|---|
| Ranitidine | 0.06 | 0.71 |
| Placebo | 0.71 | 1.43 |
| Double-Blind, Multicenter, Placebo-Controlled Trials | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Drug | No. of | ||||
| Duodenal Ulcer Prevalence | Patients | ||||
| Multicenter Trial | 0-4 Months | 0-8 Months | 0-12 Months | ||
| % = Life table estimate. RAN - ranitidine. PLC = placebo. | |||||
| USA | RAN | 20% | 24% | 35% | 138 |
| PLC | 44% | 54% | 59% | 139 | |
| Foreign | RAN | 12% | 21% | 28% | 174 |
| PLC | 56% | 64% | 68% | 165 | |
| Ranitidine | Placebo | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number Entered | Healed/ Evaluable | Number Entered | Healed/ Evaluable | |
| Outpatients | ||||
| Week 2 | 16/83 | 10/83 | ||
| 92 | (19%) | 94 | (12%) | |
| Week 6 | 50/73 | 35/69 | ||
| (68%) | (51%) | |||
| Healed/Evaluable | ||
|---|---|---|
| Placebo | Ranitidine 150 mg 4 times daily | |
| Week 4 | 43/198 (22%) | 96/206 (47%) |
| Week 8 | 63/176 (36%) | 142/200 (71%) |
| Week 12 | 92/159 (58%) | 162/192 (84%) |
Geriatric use
Information about any limitations on any geriatric indications, needs for specific monitoring, hazards associated with use of the drug in the geriatric population.Geriatrics The plasma half-life is prolonged and total clearance is reduced in the elderly population due to a decrease in renal function. The elimination half-life is 3 to 4 hours. Peak levels average 526 ng/mL following a 150-mg twice daily dose and occur in about 3 hours (see PRECAUTIONS: Geriatric Use and DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION: Dosage Adjustment for Patients With Impaired Renal Function ).
Geriatric Use Of the total number of subjects enrolled in US and foreign controlled clinical trials of oral formulations of ranitidine, for which there were subgroup analyses, 4,197 were 65 and over, while 899 were 75 and over. No overall differences in safety or effectiveness were observed between these subjects and younger subjects, and other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients, but greater sensitivity of some older individuals cannot be ruled out. This drug is known to be substantially excreted by the kidney and the risk of toxic reactions to this drug may be greater in patients with impaired renal function. Because elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, caution should be exercised in dose selection, and it may be useful to monitor renal function (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY: Pharmacokinetics: Geriatrics and DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION: Dosage Adjustment for Patients With Impaired Renal Function ).
Nursing mothers
Information about excretion of the drug in human milk and effects on the nursing infant, including pertinent adverse effects observed in animal offspring.Nursing Mothers Ranitidine is secreted in human milk. Caution should be exercised when this product is administered to a nursing mother.
Pediatric use
Information about any limitations on any pediatric indications, needs for specific monitoring, hazards associated with use of the drug in any subsets of the pediatric population (such as neonates, infants, children, or adolescents), differences between pediatric and adult responses to the drug, and other information related to the safe and effective pediatric use of the drug.Pediatrics There are no significant differences in the pharmacokinetic parameter values for ranitidine in pediatric patients (from 1 month up to 16 years of age) and healthy adults when correction is made for body weight. The average bioavailability of ranitidine given orally to pediatric patients is 48% which is comparable to the bioavailability of ranitidine in the adult population. All other pharmacokinetic parameter values (t 1/2 , Vd, and CL) are similar to those observed with intravenous ranitidine use in pediatric patients. Estimates of C max and T max are displayed in Table 1. Table 1. Ranitidine Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients Following Oral Dosing Population (age) n Dosage Form (dose) C max (ng/mL) T max (hours) Gastric or duodenal ulcer (3.5 to 16 years) 12 Tablets (1 to 2 mg/kg) 54 to 492 2.0 Otherwise healthy requiring Ranitidine (0.7 to 14 years, Single dose) 10 Oral Solution (2 mg/kg) 244 1.61 Otherwise healthy requiring Ranitidine (0.7 to 14 years, Multiple dose) 10 Oral Solution (2 mg/kg) 320 1.66 Plasma clearance measured in 2 neonatal patients (less than 1 month of age) was considerably lower (3 mL/min/kg) than children or adults and is likely due to reduced renal function observed in this population (see PRECAUTIONS: Pediatric Use and DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION: Pediatric Use ).
Pediatrics Oral doses of 6 to 10 mg/kg/day in 2 or 3 divided doses maintain gastric pH>4 throughout most of the dosing interval.
Pediatric Use The safety and effectiveness of ranitidine have been established in the age-group of 1 month to 16 years for the treatment of duodenal and gastric ulcers, gastroesophageal reflux disease and erosive esophagitis, and the maintenance of healed duodenal and gastric ulcer. Use of ranitidine in this age-group is supported by adequate and well-controlled studies in adults, as well as additional pharmacokinetic data in pediatric patients and an analysis of the published literature (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY: Pediatrics and DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION: Pediatric Use ). Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients for the treatment of pathological hypersecretory conditions or the maintenance of healing of erosive esophagitis have not been established. Safety and effectiveness in neonates (less than 1 month of age) have not been established (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY: Pediatrics ).
Pediatric Use The safety and effectiveness of ranitidine have been established in the age-group of 1 month to 16 years. There is insufficient information about the pharmacokinetics of ranitidine in neonatal patients (less than 1 month of age) to make dosing recommendations. The following 3 subsections provide dosing information for each of the pediatric indications. Treatment of Duodenal and Gastric Ulcers The recommended oral dose for the treatment of active duodenal and gastric ulcers is 2 to 4 mg/kg twice daily to a maximum of 300 mg/day. This recommendation is derived from adult clinical studies and pharmacokinetic data in pediatric patients. Maintenance of Healing of Duodenal and Gastric Ulcers The recommended oral dose for the maintenance of healing of duodenal and gastric ulcers is 2 to 4 mg/kg once daily to a maximum of 150 mg/day. This recommendation is derived from adult clinical studies and pharmacokinetic data in pediatric patients. Treatment of GERD and Erosive Esophagitis Although limited data exist for these conditions in pediatric patients, published literature supports a dosage of 5 to 10 mg/kg/day, usually given as 2 divided doses.
| Population (age) | n | Dosage Form (dose) | C max (ng/mL) | T max (hours) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gastric or duodenal ulcer (3.5 to 16 years) | 12 | Tablets (1 to 2 mg/kg) | 54 to 492 | 2.0 |
| Otherwise healthy requiring Ranitidine (0.7 to 14 years, Single dose) | 10 | Oral Solution (2 mg/kg) | 244 | 1.61 |
| Otherwise healthy requiring Ranitidine (0.7 to 14 years, Multiple dose) | 10 | Oral Solution (2 mg/kg) | 320 | 1.66 |
Pregnancy
Information about effects the drug may have on pregnant women or on a fetus. This field may be ommitted if the drug is not absorbed systemically and the drug is not known to have a potential for indirect harm to the fetus. It may contain information about the established pregnancy category classification for the drug. (That information is nominally listed in the teratogenic_effects field, but may be listed here instead.)Pregnancy Teratogenic Effects Pregnancy Category B Reproduction studies have been performed in rats and rabbits at doses up to 160 times the human dose and have revealed no evidence of impaired fertility or harm to the fetus due to ranitidine. There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, this drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed.
Teratogenic effects
Pregnancy category A: Adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women have failed to demonstrate a risk to the fetus in the first trimester of pregnancy, and there is no evidence of a risk in later trimesters. Pregnancy category B: Animal reproduction studies have failed to demonstrate a risk to the fetus and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Pregnancy category C: Animal reproduction studies have shown an adverse effect on the fetus, there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in humans, and the benefits from the use of the drug in pregnant women may be acceptable despite its potential risks. Pregnancy category D: There is positive evidence of human fetal risk based on adverse reaction data from investigational or marketing experience or studies in humans, but the potential benefits from the use of the drug in pregnant women may be acceptable despite its potential risks (for example, if the drug is needed in a life-threatening situation or serious disease for which safer drugs cannot be used or are ineffective). Pregnancy category X: Studies in animals or humans have demonstrated fetal abnormalities or there is positive evidence of fetal risk based on adverse reaction reports from investigational or marketing experience, or both, and the risk of the use of the drug in a pregnant woman clearly outweighs any possible benefit (for example, safer drugs or other forms of therapy are available).Teratogenic Effects Pregnancy Category B Reproduction studies have been performed in rats and rabbits at doses up to 160 times the human dose and have revealed no evidence of impaired fertility or harm to the fetus due to ranitidine. There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, this drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed.
How supplied
Information about the available dosage forms to which the labeling applies, and for which the manufacturer or distributor is responsible. This field ordinarily includes the strength of the dosage form (in metric units), the units in which the dosage form is available for prescribing, appropriate information to facilitate identification of the dosage forms (such as shape, color, coating, scoring, and National Drug Code), and special handling and storage condition information.HOW SUPPLIED Ranitidine Syrup (Ranitidine Oral Solution USP), a clear, pale yellow, spearmint-flavored liquid, contains 16.8 mg of ranitidine hydrochloride equivalent to 15 mg of ranitidine per 1 mL of oral solution (75 mg/5 mL) supplied in: NDC 0121-0727-16: 16 fl oz (473 mL) bottle NDC 0121-4727-10: 10 mL unit dose cup. Case contains 40 unit dose cups of 10 mL packaged in 4 trays of 10 unit dose cups each. STORAGE Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F) (See USP Controlled Room Temperature). Do not freeze. Dispense in tight, light-resistant containers as defined in the USP/NF.
| NDC 0121-0727-16: | 16 fl oz (473 mL) bottle |
| NDC 0121-4727-10: | 10 mL unit dose cup. Case contains 40 unit dose cups of 10 mL packaged in 4 trays of 10 unit dose cups each. |
Storage and handling
Information about safe storage and handling of the drug product.STORAGE Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F) (See USP Controlled Room Temperature). Do not freeze. Dispense in tight, light-resistant containers as defined in the USP/NF.
General precautions
Information about any special care to be exercised for safe and effective use of the drug.General Symptomatic response to therapy with ranitidine does not preclude the presence of gastric malignancy. Since ranitidine is excreted primarily by the kidney, dosage should be adjusted in patients with impaired renal function (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION ). Caution should be observed in patients with hepatic dysfunction since ranitidine is metabolized in the liver. Rare reports suggest that ranitidine may precipitate acute porphyric attacks in patients with acute porphyria. Ranitidine should therefore be avoided in patients with a history of acute porphyria.
Precautions
Information about any special care to be exercised for safe and effective use of the drug.PRECAUTIONS General Symptomatic response to therapy with ranitidine does not preclude the presence of gastric malignancy. Since ranitidine is excreted primarily by the kidney, dosage should be adjusted in patients with impaired renal function (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION ). Caution should be observed in patients with hepatic dysfunction since ranitidine is metabolized in the liver. Rare reports suggest that ranitidine may precipitate acute porphyric attacks in patients with acute porphyria. Ranitidine should therefore be avoided in patients with a history of acute porphyria. Laboratory Tests False-positive tests for urine protein with MULTISTIX® may occur during ranitidine therapy, and therefore testing with sulfosalicylic acid is recommended. Drug Interactions Ranitidine has been reported to affect the bioavailability of other drugs through several different mechanisms such as competition for renal tubular secretion, alteration of gastric pH, and inhibition of cytochrome P450 enzymes. Procainamide Ranitidine, a substrate of the renal organic cation transport system, may affect the clearance of other drugs eliminated by this route. High doses of ranitidine (e.g., such as those used in the treatment of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome) have been shown to reduce the renal excretion of procainamide and N-acetylprocainamide resulting in increased plasma levels of these drugs. Although this interaction is unlikely to be clinically relevant at usual ranitidine doses, it may be prudent to monitor for procainamide toxicity when administered with oral ranitidine at a dose exceeding 300 mg per day. Warfarin There have been reports of altered prothrombin time among patients on concomitant warfarin and ranitidine therapy. Due to the narrow therapeutic index, close monitoring of increased or decreased prothrombin time is recommended during concurrent treatment with ranitidine. Ranitidine may alter the absorption of drugs in which gastric pH is an important determinant of bioavailability. This can result in either an increase in absorption (e.g., triazolam, midazolam, glipizide) or a decrease in absorption (e.g., ketoconazole, atazanavir, delavirdine, gefitinib). Appropriate clinical monitoring is recommended. Atazanavir Atazanavir absorption may be impaired based on known interactions with other agents that increase gastric pH. Use with caution. See atazanavir label for specific recommendations. Delavirdine Delavirdine absorption may be impaired based on known interactions with other agents that increase gastric pH. Chronic use of H 2 -receptor antagonists with delavirdine is not recommended. Gefitinib Gefitinib exposure was reduced by 44% with the coadministration of ranitidine and sodium bicarbonate (dosed to maintain gastric pH above 5.0). Use with caution. Glipizide In diabetic patients, glipizide exposure was increased by 34% following a single 150-mg dose of oral ranitidine. Use appropriate clinical monitoring when initiating or discontinuing ranitidine. Ketoconazole Oral ketoconazole exposure was reduced by up to 95% when oral ranitidine was coadministered in a regimen to maintain a gastric pH of 6 or above. The degree of interaction with usual dose of ranitidine (150 mg twice daily) is unknown. Midazolam Oral midazolam exposure in 5 healthy volunteers was increased by up to 65% when administered with oral ranitidine at a dose of 150 mg twice daily. However, in another interaction study in 8 volunteers receiving IV midazolam, a 300 mg oral dose of ranitidine increased midazolam exposure by about 9%. Monitor patients for excessive or prolonged sedation when ranitidine is coadministered with oral midazolam. Triazolam Triazolam exposure in healthy volunteers was increased by approximately 30% when administered with oral ranitidine at a dose of 150 mg twice daily. Monitor patients for excessive or prolonged sedation. Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility There was no indication of tumorigenic or carcinogenic effects in life-span studies in mice and rats at dosages up to 2,000 mg/kg/day. Ranitidine was not mutagenic in standard bacterial tests ( Salmonella, Escherichia coli ) for mutagenicity at concentrations up to the maximum recommended for these assays. In a dominant lethal assay, a single oral dose of 1,000 mg/kg to male rats was without effect on the outcome of 2 matings per week for the next 9 weeks. Pregnancy Teratogenic Effects Pregnancy Category B Reproduction studies have been performed in rats and rabbits at doses up to 160 times the human dose and have revealed no evidence of impaired fertility or harm to the fetus due to ranitidine. There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, this drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Nursing Mothers Ranitidine is secreted in human milk. Caution should be exercised when this product is administered to a nursing mother. Pediatric Use The safety and effectiveness of ranitidine have been established in the age-group of 1 month to 16 years for the treatment of duodenal and gastric ulcers, gastroesophageal reflux disease and erosive esophagitis, and the maintenance of healed duodenal and gastric ulcer. Use of ranitidine in this age-group is supported by adequate and well-controlled studies in adults, as well as additional pharmacokinetic data in pediatric patients and an analysis of the published literature (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY: Pediatrics and DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION: Pediatric Use ). Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients for the treatment of pathological hypersecretory conditions or the maintenance of healing of erosive esophagitis have not been established. Safety and effectiveness in neonates (less than 1 month of age) have not been established (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY: Pediatrics ). Geriatric Use Of the total number of subjects enrolled in US and foreign controlled clinical trials of oral formulations of ranitidine, for which there were subgroup analyses, 4,197 were 65 and over, while 899 were 75 and over. No overall differences in safety or effectiveness were observed between these subjects and younger subjects, and other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients, but greater sensitivity of some older individuals cannot be ruled out. This drug is known to be substantially excreted by the kidney and the risk of toxic reactions to this drug may be greater in patients with impaired renal function. Because elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, caution should be exercised in dose selection, and it may be useful to monitor renal function (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY: Pharmacokinetics: Geriatrics and DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION: Dosage Adjustment for Patients With Impaired Renal Function ).
Disclaimer: Do not rely on openFDA or Phanrmacy Near Me to make decisions regarding medical care. While we make every effort to ensure that data is accurate, you should assume all results are unvalidated. Source: OpenFDA, Healthporta Drugs API