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| Product NDC Code | 47335-219 | ||||
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| Drug Name | Ketorolac tromethamine |
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| Type | Generic | ||||
| Pharm Class | Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal [CS], Cyclooxygenase Inhibitor [EPC], Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors [MoA], Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug [EPC] |
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| Active Ingredients |
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| Route | OPHTHALMIC | ||||
| Dosage Form | SOLUTION/ DROPS | ||||
| RxCUI drug identifier | 860107 | ||||
| Application Number | ANDA090017 | ||||
| Labeler Name | Sun Pharmaceutical Industries, Inc. | ||||
| Packages |
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Adverse reactions
Information about undesirable effects, reasonably associated with use of the drug, that may occur as part of the pharmacological action of the drug or may be unpredictable in its occurrence. Adverse reactions include those that occur with the drug, and if applicable, with drugs in the same pharmacologically active and chemically related class. There is considerable variation in the listing of adverse reactions. They may be categorized by organ system, by severity of reaction, by frequency, by toxicological mechanism, or by a combination of these.6 ADVERSE REACTIONS The most frequent adverse reactions reported by up to 40% of patients participating in clinical trials have been transient stinging and burning on instillation. ( 6.1 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Sun Pharmaceutical Industries, Inc. at 1-800-818-4555 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch . 6.1 Clinical Studies Experience Because cli nical studies are conducted under wi dely var ying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical studies of a drug cannot be directly compared to t he rates in the clinical studies of another drug and may not reflect t he rates observed in practice. The most fr equent adverse react ions reported with the use of k etorolac tro meth a mine ophthal mic solutio ns have been tra nsient stin gi ng and burni ng on instillation. These reactions were reported by up to 40% of patie nts partici pating in clinic al t rials. Other adverse reactions occurring approxi mately 1 to 10% of the ti me during tre at ment with ketor olac tr ometh a mine ophthal mic solutio ns inc luded aller gic reactions, corneal ede ma, iritis, ocular inflammation, ocular ir rit ati on, super fici al ker atitis, and super ficial ocular in fectio ns. Other adverse reactions reported rarely with the use of ketorolac tro metha mine ophthal mic solutio ns included: c orneal infiltrates, corneal ulcer, eye dry ness, headac hes , and visual disturbance (blurry vision). 6.2 Postmarketing Experience The following adverse reactions have been identified during postmarketing use of ketorolac tromethamine ophthalmic solution 0.5% in clinical practice. Because they are reported voluntarily from a population of unknown size, estimates of frequency cannot be made. The reactions, which have been chosen for inclusion due to either their seriousness, frequency of reporting, possible causal connection to topical ketorolac tromethamine ophthalmic solution 0.5% or a combination of these factors, include bronchospasm or exacerbation of asthma, corneal erosion, corneal perforation, corneal thinning, and epithelial breakdown [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 , 5.4 )].
Clinical pharmacology
Information about the clinical pharmacology and actions of the drug in humans.12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY 12.1 Mechanism of Action Ketorolac tr o metha mine is a nonsteroidal ant i-inflammatory drug which, when a d ministered syste micall y, has de monstrated anal gesic, a nti-inflam matory, and anti-pyretic activity. The mechani sm of its action is thought to be due to i ts ability to inhibit prostaglandin biosynthesis. 12.3 Pharmacokinetics Two drops of 0.5% ketorolac tro metha mine ophthal mic solution instilled into the eyes of patients 12 hours and 1 hour prior to cataract extraction achieved a mean ketorolac concentration of 95 ng/ mL in the aqueous h u mor of 8 of 9 eyes tested (range 40 to 170 ng/mL). One drop of 0.5% ketorolac tro metha mine ophthal mic solution was instilled into 1 eye and 1 drop of vehicle into the other eye TID in 26 healthy subjects. Five (5) of 26 subjects had dete ctable concent ratio ns of ketorol ac in th eir plas ma (range 11 to 23 ng/mL) at Day 10 during topical ocular treat ment. The range of concent rations following TID dosing of 0.5% ketorolac tro metha mi ne ophthal mic solution are approxi mately 4 to 8% of the steady state mean min i m um plas ma concentration observed following four ti mes daily oral a d ministration of 10 mg ketorolac in hu mans (290 ± 70 ng/mL).
Mechanism of action
Information about the established mechanism(s) of the drugÕs action in humans at various levels (for example receptor, membrane, tissue, organ, whole body). If the mechanism of action is not known, this field contains a statement about the lack of information.12.1 Mechanism of Action Ketorolac tr o metha mine is a nonsteroidal ant i-inflammatory drug which, when a d ministered syste micall y, has de monstrated anal gesic, a nti-inflam matory, and anti-pyretic activity. The mechani sm of its action is thought to be due to i ts ability to inhibit prostaglandin biosynthesis.
Pharmacokinetics
Information about the clinically significant pharmacokinetics of a drug or active metabolites, for instance pertinent absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion parameters.12.3 Pharmacokinetics Two drops of 0.5% ketorolac tro metha mine ophthal mic solution instilled into the eyes of patients 12 hours and 1 hour prior to cataract extraction achieved a mean ketorolac concentration of 95 ng/ mL in the aqueous h u mor of 8 of 9 eyes tested (range 40 to 170 ng/mL). One drop of 0.5% ketorolac tro metha mine ophthal mic solution was instilled into 1 eye and 1 drop of vehicle into the other eye TID in 26 healthy subjects. Five (5) of 26 subjects had dete ctable concent ratio ns of ketorol ac in th eir plas ma (range 11 to 23 ng/mL) at Day 10 during topical ocular treat ment. The range of concent rations following TID dosing of 0.5% ketorolac tro metha mi ne ophthal mic solution are approxi mately 4 to 8% of the steady state mean min i m um plas ma concentration observed following four ti mes daily oral a d ministration of 10 mg ketorolac in hu mans (290 ± 70 ng/mL).
Contraindications
Information about situations in which the drug product is contraindicated or should not be used because the risk of use clearly outweighs any possible benefit, including the type and nature of reactions that have been reported.4 CONTRAINDICATIONS Ketorolac tromethamine ophthalmic solution is contraindicated in patients with previously demonstrated hypersensitivity to any of the ingredients in the formulation. Hypersensitivity to any component of this product. ( 4 )
Description
General information about the drug product, including the proprietary and established name of the drug, the type of dosage form and route of administration to which the label applies, qualitative and quantitative ingredient information, the pharmacologic or therapeutic class of the drug, and the chemical name and structural formula of the drug.11 DESCRIPTION Keto ro lac t ro met ham ine op htha lm ic so lut i on 0.5% is a m ember of the pyrrolo-pyrrole group of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for ophthal mic use. Its che mical na me is (±)-5-Benzoyl-2, 3-dihydro-1H pyrrolizi ne-1-carboxylic acid co m pound with 2-a mino-2-(hydroxy methyl)-1,3-propanediol ( 1:1) and it has the following structure: Keto ro lac t ro met ham ine op htha lm ic so lut i on is supplied as a sterile isotonic aqueous 0.5% solution, with a pH of 7.4. Keto ro lac t ro met ham ine op htha lm ic so lut i on is a race mic m ixture of R-(+) and S-(-)- ketor olac tro metha mine. Ketorol ac tro methamine may exist in t hree cr ystal for ms. All for ms are equally soluble in water. The pKa of ketorolac is 3.5. This white to o ff-white c rystalline su bstance discolors on prolonged exposure to light. The m o lecular weight of ketorolac tro metha mine is 376.41. The os molality of keto ro lac t ro met ham ine op htha lm ic so lut i on is 290 m O s mol/kg. Each mL of ketorolac tromethamine ophthalmic solution contains: Active: ketorolac tromethamine USP 0.5%. Preservative: benzalkonium chloride solution (50%) NF 0.02%. Inactives: edetate disodium USP 0.1%; octoxynol 40; water for injection USP; sodium chloride USP; hydrochloric acid NF and/or sodium hydroxide NF to adjust the pH. ketorolac-structure
Dosage and administration
Information about the drug product’s dosage and administration recommendations, including starting dose, dose range, titration regimens, and any other clinically sigificant information that affects dosing recommendations.2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION One drop of ketorolac tromethamine ophthalmic solution should be applied to the affected eye(s) four times a day for relief of ocular itching due to seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. For the treatment of postoperative inflammation in patients who have undergone cataract extraction, one drop of ketorolac tromethamine ophthalmic solution should be applied to the affected eye four times daily beginning 24 hours after cataract surgery and continuing through the first 2 weeks of the postoperative period. ( 2.1 ) 2.1 Recommended Dosing Patient Dosing The recommended dose of ketorolac tromethamine ophthalmic solution is one drop four times a day to the affected eye(s) for relief of ocular itching due to seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. For the treatment of postoperative inflammation in patients who have undergone cataract extraction, one drop of ketorolac tromethamine ophthalmic solution should be applied to the affected eye four times daily beginning 24 hours after cataract surgery and continuing through the first 2 weeks of the postoperative period. 2.2 Use with Other Topical Ophthalmic Medications Ketorolac tromethamine ophthalmic solution has been safely administered in conjunction with other ophthalmic medications such as antibiotics, alpha-agonists, beta blockers, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, cycloplegics, and mydriatics. Drops should be administered at least 5 minutes apart.
Dosage forms and strengths
Information about all available dosage forms and strengths for the drug product to which the labeling applies. This field may contain descriptions of product appearance.3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS Ketorolac tromethamine ophthalmic solution 0.5% is supplied sterile in white opaque LDPE dropper bottles with white opaque plug and sealed with gray pantone opaque pilfer-proof caps as follows: 5 mL size bottle filled with 3 mL of solution 5 mL size bottle filled with 5 mL of solution 10 mL size bottle filled with 10 mL of solution Ophthalmic solution containing 5 mg/mL ketorolac tromethamine. ( 3 ) 5 mL size bottle filled with 3 mL of solution 5 mL size bottle filled with 5 mL of solution 10 mL size bottle filled with 10 mL of solution
Indications and usage
A statement of each of the drug products indications for use, such as for the treatment, prevention, mitigation, cure, or diagnosis of a disease or condition, or of a manifestation of a recognized disease or condition, or for the relief of symptoms associated with a recognized disease or condition. This field may also describe any relevant limitations of use.1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Ketorolac tromethamine ophthalmic solution is indicated for the temporary relief of ocular itching due to seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. Ketorolac tromethamine ophthalmic solution is also indicated for the treatment of postoperative inflammation in patients who have undergone cataract extraction. Ketorolac tromethamine ophthalmic solution is a nonsteroidal, anti-inflammatory indicated for: The treatment of inflammation following cataract surgery. ( 1 ) The temporary relief of ocular itching due to seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. ( 1 )
Spl product data elements
Usually a list of ingredients in a drug product.Ketorolac Tromethamine Ketorolac Tromethamine KETOROLAC TROMETHAMINE KETOROLAC BENZALKONIUM CHLORIDE EDETATE DISODIUM OCTOXYNOL-40 SODIUM CHLORIDE HYDROCHLORIC ACID SODIUM HYDROXIDE WATER Ketorolac Tromethamine Ketorolac Tromethamine KETOROLAC TROMETHAMINE KETOROLAC BENZALKONIUM CHLORIDE EDETATE DISODIUM OCTOXYNOL-40 SODIUM CHLORIDE HYDROCHLORIC ACID SODIUM HYDROXIDE WATER Ketorolac Tromethamine Ketorolac Tromethamine KETOROLAC TROMETHAMINE KETOROLAC BENZALKONIUM CHLORIDE EDETATE DISODIUM OCTOXYNOL-40 SODIUM CHLORIDE HYDROCHLORIC ACID SODIUM HYDROXIDE WATER
Carcinogenesis and mutagenesis and impairment of fertility
Information about carcinogenic, mutagenic, or fertility impairment potential revealed by studies in animals. Information from human data about such potential is part of the warnings field.13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis,Impairment of Fertility Ketorolac tr o metha mine was not ca rcinogenic in either rats given up to 5 mg/kg/day orally for 24 months or in mice given 2 mg /kg/day orally for 18 months. These doses are approximately 125 ti mes and 50 ti mes higher respectively than the maxi m um re com mended h u man topical ophthal mic daily dose given as QID for itching to affected eyes on a mg/kg basis. Ketorolac tromethamine was not mutagenic in vitro in the Ames assay or in forward mutation assays. Si milarly, it did not result in an in vitro increase in unscheduled DNA synthesis or an in vivo i ncrea se in chro moso me breakage in mice. However, ketorolac trometha mine did result in an increased incide nce in chro mosomal ab err atio ns in Chinese ha mster ovary cells. Ketorol ac t ro metha mine did not i mpair fe rtility when ad ministered orally to male and fe male rats at doses up to 9 mg/kg/day and 16 mg/kg/day, respectively. These doses are respectively 225 and 400 ti mes higher than the typical h u man topical ophthal mic daily dose.
Nonclinical toxicology
Information about toxicology in non-human subjects.13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY 13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis,Impairment of Fertility Ketorolac tr o metha mine was not ca rcinogenic in either rats given up to 5 mg/kg/day orally for 24 months or in mice given 2 mg /kg/day orally for 18 months. These doses are approximately 125 ti mes and 50 ti mes higher respectively than the maxi m um re com mended h u man topical ophthal mic daily dose given as QID for itching to affected eyes on a mg/kg basis. Ketorolac tromethamine was not mutagenic in vitro in the Ames assay or in forward mutation assays. Si milarly, it did not result in an in vitro increase in unscheduled DNA synthesis or an in vivo i ncrea se in chro moso me breakage in mice. However, ketorolac trometha mine did result in an increased incide nce in chro mosomal ab err atio ns in Chinese ha mster ovary cells. Ketorol ac t ro metha mine did not i mpair fe rtility when ad ministered orally to male and fe male rats at doses up to 9 mg/kg/day and 16 mg/kg/day, respectively. These doses are respectively 225 and 400 ti mes higher than the typical h u man topical ophthal mic daily dose.
Package label principal display panel
The content of the principal display panel of the product package, usually including the product’s name, dosage forms, and other key information about the drug product.PACKAGE LABEL.PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL -Carton- 3 mL NDC 47335-219-90 Ketorolac Tromethamine Ophthalmic Solution 0.5% FOR USE IN THE EYES ONLY Rx only 3 mL SUN PHARMA spl-Ketorolac-carton-1
PACKAGE LABEL.PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL -Label -5 mL NDC 47335-220-90 Ketorolac Tromethamine Ophthalmic Solution 0.5% Rx only 5mL spl-Ketorolac-label-2
PACKAGE LABEL.PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL -Carton -5 mL NDC 47335-220-90 Ketorolac Tromethamine Ophthalmic Solution 0.5% FOR USE IN THE EYES ONLY Rx only 5 mL SUN PHARMA spl-Ketorolac-carton-2
PACKAGE LABEL.PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - Label -10 mL NDC 47335-221-90 Ketorolac Tromethamine Ophthalmic Solution 0.5% Rx only 10 mL spl-Ketorolac-label-1
PACKAGE LABEL.PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL -Carton -10 mL NDC 47335-221-90 Ketorolac Tromethamine Ophthalmic Solution 0.5% FOR USE IN THE EYES ONLY Rx only 10 mL SUN PHARMA spl-Ketorolac-carton-3
Spl unclassified section
Information not classified as belonging to one of the other fields. Approximately 40% of labeling with effective_time between June 2009 and August 2014 have information in this field.PACKAGE LABEL.PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL -label-3 mL NDC 47335-219-90 Ketorolac Tromethamine Ophthalmic Solution 0.5% Rx only 3 mL spl-Ketorolac-label-3
Ketorolac Tromethamine: Information for patients
Information necessary for patients to use the drug safely and effectively, such as precautions concerning driving or the concomitant use of other substances that may have harmful additive effects.17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION 17.1 Slow or Delayed Healing Patie nts sh ould be in fo r med of the possibility that slow or delayed healing may occur while using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). 17.2 Avoiding Contamination of the Product Patie nts sh ould be in str ucted to avoid allow ing the tip of the bottle to co ntact the eye or surrounding structures because this could cause the tip to beco me cont a m inated by common bacteria kn own to cause ocular infections. Serious da mage to the eye and subsequent loss of vision may result from using contaminated solutions. Also, to avoid the potential for cross-conta mina tion, the patient should be advised to use one bottle for e ach eye foll owing bil ate ral ocular s u rgery. The use of the s a me bottle of topic al eye drops for both eyes following bilateral ocular surgery is not recom mend ed. 17.3 Contact Lens Wear Patients should be advised that keto ro lac t ro met ham ine op htha lm ic so lut i on should not be ad ministered while wearing contact lenses. 17.4 Intercurrent Ocular Conditions Patients should be advised that if they develop an intercurrent ocular condition (e.g., trau ma or infection) or have ocular surgery, they should i mmediately seek their physician’s advice concerning the continued use of keto ro lac t ro met ham ine op htha lm ic so lut i on. 17.5 Concomitant Topical Ocular Therapy Patie nts sh ould be advi sed that if m ore than one topical op ht hal mic medication is being used, the medicines should be ad ministered at least 5 minutes apart. Distributed by: Sun Pharmaceutical Industries, Inc. Cranbury, NJ 08512 PJPI0496A ISS. 07/2017
Clinical studies
This field may contain references to clinical studies in place of detailed discussion in other sections of the labeling.14 CLINICAL STUDIES Two controlled clinical studies sho wed that k etorolac tro metha mine ophthal mic solution was significa ntly more effective than its vehicle in relieving ocular itching caused by seasonal all ergic conjuncti vitis. Two controlled clinical studies sho wed that pati ents t reated for two weeks with ket o rolac tro metha mi ne ophthal mic solution were less likely to have measurable signs of inflammation (cell and flare) than patients treated with its ve hicle. Results from clinical studies indicate that k etorolac tro metha mine has no significant effect upon intraocular pressure; ho wever, chan ges in intraoc ular pressure may occur following cataract surgery.
Geriatric use
Information about any limitations on any geriatric indications, needs for specific monitoring, hazards associated with use of the drug in the geriatric population.8.5 Geriatric Use No overall clinical di fferences in sa fety or effectiveness have been observed between elderly and other ad ult patie nts.
Nursing mothers
Information about excretion of the drug in human milk and effects on the nursing infant, including pertinent adverse effects observed in animal offspring.8.3 Nursing Mothers Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when ketorolac tromethamine ophthalmic solution is administered to a nursing woman.
Pediatric use
Information about any limitations on any pediatric indications, needs for specific monitoring, hazards associated with use of the drug in any subsets of the pediatric population (such as neonates, infants, children, or adolescents), differences between pediatric and adult responses to the drug, and other information related to the safe and effective pediatric use of the drug.8.4 Pediatric Use Safety and efficacy in pediatric patients bel ow t he age of 2 have not been esta blished.
Pregnancy
Information about effects the drug may have on pregnant women or on a fetus. This field may be ommitted if the drug is not absorbed systemically and the drug is not known to have a potential for indirect harm to the fetus. It may contain information about the established pregnancy category classification for the drug. (That information is nominally listed in the teratogenic_effects field, but may be listed here instead.)8.1 Pregnancy Teratogenic Effects. P regnancy Category C Pregnancy Category C: Ketorolac tr o metha min e, ad ministered during organogenesis, was not teratogenic in rabbits and rats at oral doses of 3.6 mg/kg/day and 10 mg/ kg/day, respectively. These doses are approxi mately 100 ti mes and 250 ti mes higher respectively than the max i m um recom mended hu man topical op hthal mic daily d ose of 2 mg (5 mg / mL x 0.05 mL/drop, x 4 drops x 2 eyes) to affected eyes on a mg/kg basis. Additionally, when ad ministered to rats after Day 17 of gestation at oral doses up to 1.5 mg/ k g/day (approxi mately 40 ti mes the typical hu man topical ophthal mic daily dose), ketorolac tro me tha mine resulted in dystocia and increased pup mortality. There are no adequate a nd well-controlled studies in pregnant w o men. Keto ro lac t ro met ham ine op htha lm ic so lut i on should be used during pregnancy only if the potential bene fit j usti fies the p otential risk to the fetus. Nonterato genic Effect s: Because of the known effects of prostaglandin-inhibiting drugs on the fetal c ardio vascul ar syst em (closure of the ductus art eriosu s), the use of keto ro lac t ro met ham ine op htha lm ic so lut i on during late pregnancy should be avoided.
Use in specific populations
Information about use of the drug by patients in specific populations, including pregnant women and nursing mothers, pediatric patients, and geriatric patients.8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS 8.1 Pregnancy Teratogenic Effects. P regnancy Category C Pregnancy Category C: Ketorolac tr o metha min e, ad ministered during organogenesis, was not teratogenic in rabbits and rats at oral doses of 3.6 mg/kg/day and 10 mg/ kg/day, respectively. These doses are approxi mately 100 ti mes and 250 ti mes higher respectively than the max i m um recom mended hu man topical op hthal mic daily d ose of 2 mg (5 mg / mL x 0.05 mL/drop, x 4 drops x 2 eyes) to affected eyes on a mg/kg basis. Additionally, when ad ministered to rats after Day 17 of gestation at oral doses up to 1.5 mg/ k g/day (approxi mately 40 ti mes the typical hu man topical ophthal mic daily dose), ketorolac tro me tha mine resulted in dystocia and increased pup mortality. There are no adequate a nd well-controlled studies in pregnant w o men. Keto ro lac t ro met ham ine op htha lm ic so lut i on should be used during pregnancy only if the potential bene fit j usti fies the p otential risk to the fetus. Nonterato genic Effect s: Because of the known effects of prostaglandin-inhibiting drugs on the fetal c ardio vascul ar syst em (closure of the ductus art eriosu s), the use of keto ro lac t ro met ham ine op htha lm ic so lut i on during late pregnancy should be avoided. 8.3 Nursing Mothers Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when ketorolac tromethamine ophthalmic solution is administered to a nursing woman. 8.4 Pediatric Use Safety and efficacy in pediatric patients bel ow t he age of 2 have not been esta blished. 8.5 Geriatric Use No overall clinical di fferences in sa fety or effectiveness have been observed between elderly and other ad ult patie nts.
How supplied
Information about the available dosage forms to which the labeling applies, and for which the manufacturer or distributor is responsible. This field ordinarily includes the strength of the dosage form (in metric units), the units in which the dosage form is available for prescribing, appropriate information to facilitate identification of the dosage forms (such as shape, color, coating, scoring, and National Drug Code), and special handling and storage condition information.16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING Ketorolac tromethamine ophthalmic solution 0.5% is supplied sterile in white opaque LDPE dropper bottles with white opaque plug and sealed with gray pantone opaque pilfer-proof caps as follows: 3 mL in 5 mL bottle NDC 47335-219-90 5 mL in 5 mL bottle NDC 47335-220-90 10 mL in 10 mL bottle NDC 47335-221-90 Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F); excursions permitted between 15° and 30°C (59° and 86°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature]. Protect from light.
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