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| Product NDC Code | 0904-7313 | ||||
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| Drug Name | Budesonide |
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| Type | Generic | ||||
| Pharm Class | Corticosteroid Hormone Receptor Agonists [MoA], Corticosteroid [EPC] |
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| Route | ORAL | ||||
| Dosage Form | CAPSULE, COATED PELLETS | ||||
| RxCUI drug identifier | 1244214 | ||||
| Application Number | ANDA206134 | ||||
| Labeler Name | Major Pharmaceuticals | ||||
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| Check if available Online | Get Medication Prices online with Discount |
Overdosage of budesonide
Information about signs, symptoms, and laboratory findings of acute ovedosage and the general principles of overdose treatment.10 OVERDOSAGE Reports of acute toxicity and/or death following overdosage of glucocorticoids are rare. Treatment consists of immediate gastric lavage or emesis followed by supportive and symptomatic therapy. If corticosteroids are used at excessive doses for prolonged periods, systemic corticosteroid effects such as hypercorticism and adrenal axis suppression may occur. For chronic overdosage in the case of severe disease requiring continuous steroid therapy, the dosage may be reduced temporarily. Single oral doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg were lethal in female and male mice, respectively. The signs of acute toxicity were decreased motor activity, piloerection and generalized edema.
Adverse reactions
Information about undesirable effects, reasonably associated with use of the drug, that may occur as part of the pharmacological action of the drug or may be unpredictable in its occurrence. Adverse reactions include those that occur with the drug, and if applicable, with drugs in the same pharmacologically active and chemically related class. There is considerable variation in the listing of adverse reactions. They may be categorized by organ system, by severity of reaction, by frequency, by toxicological mechanism, or by a combination of these.6 ADVERSE REACTIONS Most common adverse reactions (≥ 5%) in adults are: headache, respiratory infection, nausea, back pain, dyspepsia, dizziness, abdominal pain, flatulence, vomiting, fatigue and pain. ( 6.1 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Zydus Pharmaceuticals (USA) Inc. at 1-877-993-8779 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. The following clinically significant adverse reactions are described elsewhere in labeling: • Hypercorticism and adrenal axis suppression [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1 )] • Symptoms of steroid withdrawal in those patients transferred from other systemic corticosteroids [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 )] • Immunosuppression and increased risk of infection [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.3 )] • Kaposi's sarcoma [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.4 )] • Other corticosteroid effects [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.5 )] 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. Adults The data described below reflect exposure to budesonide capsules (enteric coated) in 520 patients with Crohn's disease, including 520 exposed to 9 mg per day (total daily dose) for 8 weeks and 145 exposed to 6 mg per day for one year in placebo controlled clinical trials. Of the 520 patients, 38% were males and the age range was 17 to 74 years. Treatment of Mild to Moderate Active Crohn's Disease The safety of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) was evaluated in 651 adult patients in five clinical trials of 8 weeks duration in patients with active mild to moderate Crohn's disease. The most common adverse reactions, occurring in greater than or equal to 5% of the patients, are listed in Table 1. Table 1 Common Adverse Reactions 1 in 8-Week Treatment Clinical Trials 1 Occurring in greater than or equal to 5% of the patients in any treated group. 2 Prednisolone tapering scheme: either 40 mg in week 1 to 2, thereafter tapering with 5 mg per week; or 40 mg in week 1 to 2, 30 mg in week 3 to 4, thereafter tapering with 5 mg per week. 3 This drug is not approved for the treatment of Crohn's disease in the United States. Adverse Reaction Budesonide Capsules (Enteric Coated) 9 mg n=520 Number (%) Placebo n=107 Number (%) Prednisolone 2 40 mg n=145 Number (%) Comparator 3 n=88 Number (%) Headache 107(21) 19(18) 31(21) 11(13) Respiratory Infection 55(11) 7(7) 20(14) 5(6) Nausea 57(11) 10(9) 18(12) 7(8) Back Pain 36(7) 10(9) 17(12) 5(6) Dyspepsia 31(6) 4(4) 17(12) 3(3) Dizziness 38(7) 5(5) 18(12) 5(6) Abdominal Pain 32(6) 18(17) 6(4) 10(11) Flatulence 30(6) 6(6) 12(8) 5(6) Vomiting 29(6) 6(6) 6(4) 6(7) Fatigue 25(5) 8(7) 11(8) 0(0) Pain 24(5) 8(7) 17(12) 2(2) The incidence of signs and symptoms of hypercorticism reported by active questioning of patients in 4 of the 5 short-term clinical trials are displayed in Table 2. Table 2 Summary and Incidence of Signs/Symptoms of Hypercorticism in 8-Week Treatment Clinical Trials 1 Prednisolone tapering scheme: either 40 mg in week 1 to 2, thereafter tapering with 5 mg/week; or 40 mg in week 1 to 2, 30 mg in week 3 to 4, thereafter tapering with 5 mg/week. 2 Statistically significantly different from budesonide capsules (enteric coated) 9 mg. 3 including hair growth increased, local and hair growth increased, general. Budesonide Capsules (Enteric Coated) 9 mg n=427 Placebo n=107 Prednisolone 1 40 mg n=145 Signs/Symptom Number (%) Number (%) Number (%) Total 145 (34%) 29 (27%) 69 (48%) Acne 63(15) 14(13) 33(23) 2 Bruising Easily 63(15) 12(11) 13(9) Moon Face 46(11) 4(4) 53(37) 2 Swollen Ankles 32(7) 6(6) 13(9) Hirsutism 3 22(5) 2(2) 5(3) Buffalo Hump 6(1) 2(2) 5(3) Skin Striae 4(1) 2(2) 0(0) Maintenance of Clinical Remission of Mild to Moderate Crohn's Disease The safety of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) was evaluated in 233 adult patients in four long-term clinical trials (52 weeks) of maintenance of clinical remission in patients with mild to moderate Crohn's disease. A total of 145 patients were treated with budesonide capsules (enteric coated) 6 mg once daily. The adverse reaction profile of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) 6 mg once daily in maintenance of Crohn's disease was similar to that of short-term treatment with budesonide capsules (enteric coated) 9 mg once daily in active Crohn's disease. In the long-term clinical trials, the following adverse reactions occurred in greater than or equal to 5% and are not listed in Table 1: diarrhea (10%); sinusitis (8%); infection viral (6%); and arthralgia (5%). Signs/symptoms of hypercorticism reported by active questioning of patients in the long-term maintenance clinical trials are displayed in Table 3. Table 3 Summary and Incidence of Signs/Symptoms of Hypercorticism in Long-Term Clinical Trials Budesonide Capsules (Enteric Coated) 3 mg n=88 Budesonide Capsules (Enteric Coated) 6 mg n=145 Placebo n=143 Signs/Symptom Number (%) Number (%) Number (%) Bruising easily 4(5) 15(10) 5(4) Acne 4(5) 14(10) 3(2) Moon face 3(3) 6(4) 0 Hirsutism 2(2) 5(3) 1(1) Swollen ankles 2(2) 3(2) 3(2) Buffalo hump 1(1) 1(1) 0 Skin striae 2(2) 0 0 The incidence of signs/symptoms of hypercorticism as described above in long-term maintenance clinical trials was similar to that seen in the short-term treatment clinical trials. Less Common Adverse Reactions in Treatment and Maintenance Clinical Trials Less common adverse reactions (less than 5%), occurring in adult patients treated with budesonide capsules (enteric coated) 9 mg (total daily dose) in short-term treatment clinical studies and/or budesonide capsules (enteric coated) 6 mg (total daily dose) in long-term maintenance clinical trials, with an incidence are listed below by system organ class: Cardiac disorders: palpitation, tachycardia Eye disorders: eye abnormality, vision abnormal General disorders and administration site conditions: asthenia, chest pain, dependent edema, face edema, flu-like disorder, malaise, fever Gastrointestinal disorders: anus disorder, enteritis, epigastric pain, gastrointestinal fistula, glossitis, hemorrhoids, intestinal obstruction, tongue edema, tooth disorder Infections and infestations: Ear infection - not otherwise specified, bronchitis, abscess, rhinitis, urinary tract infection, thrush Investigations: weight increased Metabolism and nutrition disorders: appetite increased Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders: arthritis, cramps, myalgia Nervous system disorders: hyperkinesia, paresthesia, tremor, vertigo, somnolence, amnesia Psychiatric disorders: agitation, confusion, insomnia, nervousness, sleep disorder Renal and urinary disorders: dysuria, micturition frequency, nocturia Reproductive system and breast disorders: intermenstrual bleeding, menstrual disorder Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders: dyspnea, pharynx disorder Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders: alopecia, dermatitis, eczema, skin disorder, sweating increased, purpura Vascular disorders: flushing, hypertension Bone Mineral Density A randomized, open, parallel-group multicenter safety clinical trial specifically compared the effect of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) (less than 9 mg per day) and prednisolone (less than 40 mg per day) on bone mineral density over 2 years when used at doses adjusted to disease severity. Bone mineral density decreased significantly less with budesonide capsules (enteric coated) than with prednisolone in steroid-naïve patients, whereas no difference could be detected between treatment groups for steroid-dependent patients and previous steroid users. The incidence of symptoms associated with hypercorticism was significantly higher with prednisolone treatment. Clinical Laboratory Test Findings The following potentially clinically significant laboratory changes in clinical trials, irrespective of relationship to budesonide capsules (enteric coated), were reported in greater than or equal to 1% of patients: hypokalemia, leukocytosis, anemia, hematuria, pyuria, erythrocyte sedimentation rate increased, alkaline phosphatase increased, atypical neutrophils, c-reactive protein increased and adrenal insufficiency. Pediatrics-Treatment of Mild to Moderate Active Crohn's Disease Adverse reactions reported in pediatric patients 8 to 17 years of age, who weigh more than 25 kg, were similar to those reactions described above in adult patients. 6.2 Postmarketing Experience The following adverse reactions have been reported during post-approval use of budesonide capsules (enteric coated). Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure. Immune System Disorders: Anaphylactic reactions Nervous System Disorders: Benign intracranial hypertension Psychiatric Disorders: Mood swings
| 1 Occurring in greater than or equal to 5% of the patients in any treated group. | ||||
| 2 Prednisolone tapering scheme: either 40 mg in week 1 to 2, thereafter tapering with 5 mg per week; or 40 mg in week 1 to 2, 30 mg in week 3 to 4, thereafter tapering with 5 mg per week. | ||||
| 3 This drug is not approved for the treatment of Crohn's disease in the United States. | ||||
| 1 Prednisolone tapering scheme: either 40 mg in week 1 to 2, thereafter tapering with 5 mg/week; or 40 mg in week 1 to 2, 30 mg in week 3 to 4, thereafter tapering with 5 mg/week. | |||
| 2 Statistically significantly different from budesonide capsules (enteric coated) 9 mg. | |||
| 3 including hair growth increased, local and hair growth increased, general. | |||
budesonide Drug Interactions
Information about and practical guidance on preventing clinically significant drug/drug and drug/food interactions that may occur in people taking the drug.7 DRUG INTERACTIONS CYP3A4 Inhibitors (e.g., ketoconazole, grapefruit juice) : Can increase systemic budesonide concentrations: avoid use. ( 2.1 , 7.1 ) 7.1 CYP3A4 Inhibitors Budesonide is a substrate for CYP3A4. Avoid use with CYP3A4 inhibitors. Concomitant oral administration of a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor (ketoconazole) caused an eight-fold increase of the systemic exposure to oral budesonide. Inhibitors of CYP3A4 (e.g., ketoconazole, itraconazole, ritonavir, indinavir, saquinavir, erythromycin, and cyclosporine) can increase systemic budesonide concentrations [see Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.3 )] . Grapefruit Juice Avoid ingestion of grapefruit juice with budesonide. Intake of grapefruit juice which inhibits CYP3A4 activity with budesonide can increase the systemic exposure for budesonide [see Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.3 )] .
Clinical pharmacology
Information about the clinical pharmacology and actions of the drug in humans.12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY 12.1 Mechanism of Action Budesonide is an anti-inflammatory corticosteroid and has a high glucocorticoid effect and a weak mineralocorticoid effect, and the affinity of budesonide to glucocorticoid receptors, which reflects the intrinsic potency of the drug, is about 200-fold that of cortisol and 15-fold that of prednisolone. 12.2 Pharmacodynamics Treatment with glucocorticoids, including budesonide capsules (enteric coated) is associated with a suppression of endogenous cortisol concentrations and an impairment of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function. There was a positive correlation between the percent (%) reduction of AUC 0-24 of plasma cortisol and systemic exposure to budesonide both in pediatric and adult patients. Adults Plasma cortisol suppression was compared following five days' administration of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) and prednisolone in a crossover study in healthy volunteers. The mean decrease in the area under the plasma cortisol concentration-time curve over 24 hour (AUC 0-24 ) was greater (78%) with prednisolone 20 mg per day compared to 45% with budesonide capsules (enteric coated) 9 mg per day. Pediatrics The effect of budesonide on endogenous cortisol concentrations was compared between pediatrics (n=8, aged 9 to 14 years) and adults (n=6) with active Crohn's disease following administration of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) 9 mg once daily for 7 days. Compared to baseline values before treatment, the mean decrease in the AUC 0-24 of cortisol was 64% (±18%) in pediatrics and 50% (±27%) in adults after budesonide capsules (enteric coated) treatment [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 ), Adverse Reactions ( 6.1 ) and Use in Specific Populations ( 8.4 )] . The responses to adrenocorticotropin challenge (i.e., ACTH stimulation test) was studied in pediatric patients aged 8 to 17 years, with mild to moderate active Crohn's disease in randomized, double-blind, active control study [see Clinical Studies ( 14.1 )] . After 8 weeks of treatment with 9 mg once daily budesonide capsules (enteric coated) or with prednisolone, administered at tapering doses starting from 1 mg/kg, the proportion of patients with normal response to the ACTH challenge was 6% in the budesonide group compared to none in the prednisolone group; the proportion of patients with morning p-cortisol of greater than 5 mcg/dL was 50% in the budesonide group compared to 22% in the prednisolone group. The mean morning p-cortisol was 6.3 mcg/dL in the budesonide group and 2.6 mcg/dL in the prednisolone group (Table 4). Table 4 Proportion of Pediatric Patients 8 to 17 years old with Peak Endogenous Cortisol Levels (above 18 mcg/dL) after ACTH Stimulation and Normal Response* to ACTH Challenge Following Administration of Budesonide Delayed-Release Capsules (Enteric Coated) or Prednisolone for 8 weeks *The normal response to ACTH challenge included 3 criteria, as defined in the cosyntropin label: 1) morning cortisol level above 5 mcg/dL; 2) increase in cortisol level by at least 7 mcg/dL above the morning (pre-challenge) level following ACTH challenge; and cortisol level of above 18 mcg/dL following ACTH challenge. Cortisol concentration was measured at 30 min after intravenous or intramuscular injection of 0.25 mg cosyntropin at baseline and at week 8 after treatment. Budesonide Prednisolone Peak plasma cortisol above 18 mcg/dL At baseline 91% (20/22) 91% (21/23) At week 8 25% (4/16) 0% (0/18) Normal response* to ACTH challenge At baseline 73% (16/22) 78% (18/23) At week 8 6% (1/16) 0% (0/18) 12.3 Pharmacokinetics Absorption Mean oral bioavailability of budesonide ranged from 9% to 21% both in patients and in healthy subjects, demonstrating a high first-pass elimination of the drug. Budesonide pharmacokinetics were dose-proportional following repeated administration in the dose range of 3 to 15 mg. No accumulation of budesonide was observed following repeated dosing. Following oral administration of a single dose of 9 mg budesonide capsules (enteric coated) in healthy subjects under fasting condition, the mean peak plasma concentration (C max ) and the area under the plasma concentration time curve (AUC) for budesonide were 1.50 ± 0.79 ng/mL and 14.13 ± 7.33 ng•hr/mL, respectively. The time to peak concentration (T max ) varied between 2 and 8 hours with a median value of 3.5 hours. In a different study, following oral administration of 9 mg budesonide capsules (enteric coated) for five days in healthy subjects, the mean C max and the steady state AUC for budesonide were 2.28 ± 0.77 ng/mL and 15.93 ± 6.29 ng•hr/mL, respectively. Following administration of 9 mg budesonide capsules (enteric coated) once daily in patients with active Crohn's disease, the mean C max and AUC were 1.7 ± 0.9 ng/mL and 15.1 ± 8.5 ng•hr/mL, respectively. Following administration of budesonide capsules (enteric coated), the T max ranged in individual patients from 0.5 to 10 hours. Concomitant administration of a high-fat meal delayed the T max of budesonide by 2.3 hours compared to that under fasted conditions but did not significantly affect the AUC in healthy subjects. The mean C max and AUC of budesonide were similar when single dose of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) (9 mg) was administered after opening the capsules and sprinkling the granules on applesauce versus as intact capsules in the fasted state (N=24) in healthy subjects. The T max ranged from 3 to 10 hours with a median of 4 hours after administration of sprinkled granules on appleasauce. Distribution The mean volume of distribution (V ss ) of budesonide varied between 2.2 and 3.9 L/kg in healthy subjects and in patients. Plasma protein binding was estimated to be 85% to 90% in the concentration range 0.43 to 99.02 ng/mL , independent of gender. The erythrocyte/plasma partition ratio at clinically relevant concentrations was about 0.8. Elimination Budesonide had a plasma clearance, 0.9 to 1.8 L/min in healthy adults. Mean plasma clearance after intravenous administration of budesonide in patients with Crohn's disease was 1.0 L/min. These plasma clearance values approached the estimated liver blood flow, and, accordingly, suggest that budesonide is a high hepatic clearance drug. The plasma elimination half-life after administration of intravenous doses ranged between 2 and 3.6 hours, and did not differ between healthy adults and patients with Crohn's disease. The mean ± SD plasma elimination half-life after a single dose of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) (9 mg) in the fasted state (N=24) in healthy subjects was 6.3 ± 1.6 hours and ranged between 2 and 8 hours. Metabolism Following absorption, budesonide is subject to high first pass metabolism (80% to 90%). In vitro experiments in human liver microsomes demonstrated that budesonide is rapidly and extensively biotransformed, mainly by CYP3A4, to its 2 major metabolites, 6β-hydroxy budesonide and 16α-hydroxy prednisolone. The corticosteroid activity of these metabolites was negligible (less than 1/100) in relation to that of the parent compound. In vivo investigations with intravenous doses in healthy subjects were in agreement with the in vitro findings. Excretion Budesonide was excreted in urine and feces in the form of metabolites. After oral as well as intravenous administration of micronized [ 3 H]-budesonide, approximately 60% of the recovered radioactivity was found in urine. The major metabolites, including 6β-hydroxy budesonide and 16α-hydroxy prednisolone, are mainly renally excreted, intact or in conjugated forms. No unchanged budesonide was detected in urine. Specific Populations Age: Pediatric Population (8 years and older) The pharmacokinetics of budesonide were investigated in pediatric patients aged 9 to 14 years (n=8) after oral administration of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) and intravenous administration of budesonide. Following administration of 9 mg budesonide capsules (enteric coated) once daily for 7 days, the median time to peak plasma concentration of budesonide was 5 hours and the mean peak plasma concentration was 2.58 ± 1.51 ng/mL. The mean AUC was 17.78 ± 5.25 ng•hr/mL and 17% higher than that in adult patients with Crohn's disease in the same study. The mean absolute oral availability was 9.2% (3 to 17%; n=4) in pediatric patients. After single dose administration of intravenous budesonide (n=4), the mean volume of distribution (V ss ) was 2.2 ± 0.4 L/kg and mean clearance was 0.81 ± 0.2 L/min. The mean elimination half-life was 1.9 hours in pediatric patients. The body-weight normalized clearance in pediatric patients was 20.5 mL/min/kg in comparison to 15.9 mL/min/kg in adult patients after intravenous administration [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 ), Use in Specific Population ( 8.4 )] . Hepatic Impairment In patients with mild (Child-Pugh Class A, n=4) or moderate (Child-Pugh Class B, n=4) hepatic impairment, budesonide 4 mg was administered orally as a single dose. The patients with moderate hepatic impairment had a 3.5-fold higher AUC compared to the healthy subjects with normal hepatic function while the patients with mild hepatic impairment had an approximately 1.4-fold higher AUC. The C max values demonstrated similar increases [see Dosage and Administration ( 2.4 ), Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 )] . The increased systemic exposure in patients with mild hepatic impairment was not considered to be clinically relevant. Patients with severe liver impairment (Child-Pugh Class C) were not studied. Drug Interaction Studies Budesonide is metabolized via CYP3A4. Potent inhibitors of CYP3A4 can increase the plasma concentrations of budesonide several-fold. Conversely, induction of CYP3A4 potentially could result in the lowering of budesonide plasma concentrations. Effects of Other Drugs on Budesonide Ketoconazole In an open, non-randomized, cross-over study, 6 healthy subjects were given budesonide 10 mg as a single dose, either alone or concomitantly with the last ketoconazole dose of 3 days treatment with ketoconazole 100 mg twice daily. Co-administration of ketoconazole resulted in an eight-fold increase in AUC of budesonide, compared to budesonide alone [see Drug Interactions ( 7.1 )] . Grapefruit Juice In an open, randomized, cross-over study, 8 healthy subjects were given budesonide capsules (enteric coated) 3 mg, either alone, or concomitantly with 600 mL concentrated grapefruit juice (which inhibits CYP3A4 activity predominantly in the intestinal mucosa), on the last of 4 daily administrations. Concomitant administration of grapefruit juice resulted in a 2-fold increase of the bioavailability of budesonide compared to budesonide alone [see Drug Interactions ( 7.1 )] . Oral Contraceptives (CYP3A4 Substrates) In a parallel study, the pharmacokinetics of budesonide were not significantly different between healthy female subjects who received oral contraceptives containing desogestrel 0.15 mg and ethinyl estradiol 30 μg and healthy female subjects who did not receive oral contraceptives. Budesonide 4.5 mg once daily (one-half the recommended dose) for one week did not affect the plasma concentrations of ethinyl estradiol, a CYP3A4 substrate. The effect of budesonide 9 mg once daily on the plasma concentrations of ethinyl estradiol was not studied. Omeprazole In a study in 11 healthy subjects, performed in a double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled manner, the effect of 5 to 6 days treatment with omeprazole 20 mg once daily on the pharmacokinetics of budesonide administered as budesonide capsules (enteric coated) 9 mg as a single dose was investigated. Omeprazole 20 mg once daily did not affect the absorption or pharmacokinetics of budesonide. Cimetidine In an open, non-randomized, cross-over study, the potential effect of cimetidine on the pharmacokinetics of budesonide was studied. Six healthy subjects received cimetidine 1 gram daily (200 mg with meals and 400 mg at night) for 2 separate 3-day periods. Budesonide 4 mg was administered either alone or on the last day of one of the cimetidine treatment periods. Co-administration of cimetidine resulted in a 52% and 31% increase in the budesonide peak plasma concentration and the AUC of budesonide, respectively.
| *The normal response to ACTH challenge included 3 criteria, as defined in the cosyntropin label: | ||
| 1) morning cortisol level above 5 mcg/dL; 2) increase in cortisol level by at least 7 mcg/dL above the morning (pre-challenge) level following ACTH challenge; and cortisol level of above 18 mcg/dL following ACTH challenge. Cortisol concentration was measured at 30 min after intravenous or intramuscular injection of 0.25 mg cosyntropin at baseline and at week 8 after treatment. | ||
Mechanism of action
Information about the established mechanism(s) of the drugÕs action in humans at various levels (for example receptor, membrane, tissue, organ, whole body). If the mechanism of action is not known, this field contains a statement about the lack of information.12.1 Mechanism of Action Budesonide is an anti-inflammatory corticosteroid and has a high glucocorticoid effect and a weak mineralocorticoid effect, and the affinity of budesonide to glucocorticoid receptors, which reflects the intrinsic potency of the drug, is about 200-fold that of cortisol and 15-fold that of prednisolone.
Pharmacodynamics
Information about any biochemical or physiologic pharmacologic effects of the drug or active metabolites related to the drugÕs clinical effect in preventing, diagnosing, mitigating, curing, or treating disease, or those related to adverse effects or toxicity.12.2 Pharmacodynamics Treatment with glucocorticoids, including budesonide capsules (enteric coated) is associated with a suppression of endogenous cortisol concentrations and an impairment of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function. There was a positive correlation between the percent (%) reduction of AUC 0-24 of plasma cortisol and systemic exposure to budesonide both in pediatric and adult patients. Adults Plasma cortisol suppression was compared following five days' administration of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) and prednisolone in a crossover study in healthy volunteers. The mean decrease in the area under the plasma cortisol concentration-time curve over 24 hour (AUC 0-24 ) was greater (78%) with prednisolone 20 mg per day compared to 45% with budesonide capsules (enteric coated) 9 mg per day. Pediatrics The effect of budesonide on endogenous cortisol concentrations was compared between pediatrics (n=8, aged 9 to 14 years) and adults (n=6) with active Crohn's disease following administration of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) 9 mg once daily for 7 days. Compared to baseline values before treatment, the mean decrease in the AUC 0-24 of cortisol was 64% (±18%) in pediatrics and 50% (±27%) in adults after budesonide capsules (enteric coated) treatment [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 ), Adverse Reactions ( 6.1 ) and Use in Specific Populations ( 8.4 )] . The responses to adrenocorticotropin challenge (i.e., ACTH stimulation test) was studied in pediatric patients aged 8 to 17 years, with mild to moderate active Crohn's disease in randomized, double-blind, active control study [see Clinical Studies ( 14.1 )] . After 8 weeks of treatment with 9 mg once daily budesonide capsules (enteric coated) or with prednisolone, administered at tapering doses starting from 1 mg/kg, the proportion of patients with normal response to the ACTH challenge was 6% in the budesonide group compared to none in the prednisolone group; the proportion of patients with morning p-cortisol of greater than 5 mcg/dL was 50% in the budesonide group compared to 22% in the prednisolone group. The mean morning p-cortisol was 6.3 mcg/dL in the budesonide group and 2.6 mcg/dL in the prednisolone group (Table 4). Table 4 Proportion of Pediatric Patients 8 to 17 years old with Peak Endogenous Cortisol Levels (above 18 mcg/dL) after ACTH Stimulation and Normal Response* to ACTH Challenge Following Administration of Budesonide Delayed-Release Capsules (Enteric Coated) or Prednisolone for 8 weeks *The normal response to ACTH challenge included 3 criteria, as defined in the cosyntropin label: 1) morning cortisol level above 5 mcg/dL; 2) increase in cortisol level by at least 7 mcg/dL above the morning (pre-challenge) level following ACTH challenge; and cortisol level of above 18 mcg/dL following ACTH challenge. Cortisol concentration was measured at 30 min after intravenous or intramuscular injection of 0.25 mg cosyntropin at baseline and at week 8 after treatment. Budesonide Prednisolone Peak plasma cortisol above 18 mcg/dL At baseline 91% (20/22) 91% (21/23) At week 8 25% (4/16) 0% (0/18) Normal response* to ACTH challenge At baseline 73% (16/22) 78% (18/23) At week 8 6% (1/16) 0% (0/18)
| *The normal response to ACTH challenge included 3 criteria, as defined in the cosyntropin label: | ||
| 1) morning cortisol level above 5 mcg/dL; 2) increase in cortisol level by at least 7 mcg/dL above the morning (pre-challenge) level following ACTH challenge; and cortisol level of above 18 mcg/dL following ACTH challenge. Cortisol concentration was measured at 30 min after intravenous or intramuscular injection of 0.25 mg cosyntropin at baseline and at week 8 after treatment. | ||
Pharmacokinetics
Information about the clinically significant pharmacokinetics of a drug or active metabolites, for instance pertinent absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion parameters.12.3 Pharmacokinetics Absorption Mean oral bioavailability of budesonide ranged from 9% to 21% both in patients and in healthy subjects, demonstrating a high first-pass elimination of the drug. Budesonide pharmacokinetics were dose-proportional following repeated administration in the dose range of 3 to 15 mg. No accumulation of budesonide was observed following repeated dosing. Following oral administration of a single dose of 9 mg budesonide capsules (enteric coated) in healthy subjects under fasting condition, the mean peak plasma concentration (C max ) and the area under the plasma concentration time curve (AUC) for budesonide were 1.50 ± 0.79 ng/mL and 14.13 ± 7.33 ng•hr/mL, respectively. The time to peak concentration (T max ) varied between 2 and 8 hours with a median value of 3.5 hours. In a different study, following oral administration of 9 mg budesonide capsules (enteric coated) for five days in healthy subjects, the mean C max and the steady state AUC for budesonide were 2.28 ± 0.77 ng/mL and 15.93 ± 6.29 ng•hr/mL, respectively. Following administration of 9 mg budesonide capsules (enteric coated) once daily in patients with active Crohn's disease, the mean C max and AUC were 1.7 ± 0.9 ng/mL and 15.1 ± 8.5 ng•hr/mL, respectively. Following administration of budesonide capsules (enteric coated), the T max ranged in individual patients from 0.5 to 10 hours. Concomitant administration of a high-fat meal delayed the T max of budesonide by 2.3 hours compared to that under fasted conditions but did not significantly affect the AUC in healthy subjects. The mean C max and AUC of budesonide were similar when single dose of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) (9 mg) was administered after opening the capsules and sprinkling the granules on applesauce versus as intact capsules in the fasted state (N=24) in healthy subjects. The T max ranged from 3 to 10 hours with a median of 4 hours after administration of sprinkled granules on appleasauce. Distribution The mean volume of distribution (V ss ) of budesonide varied between 2.2 and 3.9 L/kg in healthy subjects and in patients. Plasma protein binding was estimated to be 85% to 90% in the concentration range 0.43 to 99.02 ng/mL , independent of gender. The erythrocyte/plasma partition ratio at clinically relevant concentrations was about 0.8. Elimination Budesonide had a plasma clearance, 0.9 to 1.8 L/min in healthy adults. Mean plasma clearance after intravenous administration of budesonide in patients with Crohn's disease was 1.0 L/min. These plasma clearance values approached the estimated liver blood flow, and, accordingly, suggest that budesonide is a high hepatic clearance drug. The plasma elimination half-life after administration of intravenous doses ranged between 2 and 3.6 hours, and did not differ between healthy adults and patients with Crohn's disease. The mean ± SD plasma elimination half-life after a single dose of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) (9 mg) in the fasted state (N=24) in healthy subjects was 6.3 ± 1.6 hours and ranged between 2 and 8 hours. Metabolism Following absorption, budesonide is subject to high first pass metabolism (80% to 90%). In vitro experiments in human liver microsomes demonstrated that budesonide is rapidly and extensively biotransformed, mainly by CYP3A4, to its 2 major metabolites, 6β-hydroxy budesonide and 16α-hydroxy prednisolone. The corticosteroid activity of these metabolites was negligible (less than 1/100) in relation to that of the parent compound. In vivo investigations with intravenous doses in healthy subjects were in agreement with the in vitro findings. Excretion Budesonide was excreted in urine and feces in the form of metabolites. After oral as well as intravenous administration of micronized [ 3 H]-budesonide, approximately 60% of the recovered radioactivity was found in urine. The major metabolites, including 6β-hydroxy budesonide and 16α-hydroxy prednisolone, are mainly renally excreted, intact or in conjugated forms. No unchanged budesonide was detected in urine. Specific Populations Age: Pediatric Population (8 years and older) The pharmacokinetics of budesonide were investigated in pediatric patients aged 9 to 14 years (n=8) after oral administration of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) and intravenous administration of budesonide. Following administration of 9 mg budesonide capsules (enteric coated) once daily for 7 days, the median time to peak plasma concentration of budesonide was 5 hours and the mean peak plasma concentration was 2.58 ± 1.51 ng/mL. The mean AUC was 17.78 ± 5.25 ng•hr/mL and 17% higher than that in adult patients with Crohn's disease in the same study. The mean absolute oral availability was 9.2% (3 to 17%; n=4) in pediatric patients. After single dose administration of intravenous budesonide (n=4), the mean volume of distribution (V ss ) was 2.2 ± 0.4 L/kg and mean clearance was 0.81 ± 0.2 L/min. The mean elimination half-life was 1.9 hours in pediatric patients. The body-weight normalized clearance in pediatric patients was 20.5 mL/min/kg in comparison to 15.9 mL/min/kg in adult patients after intravenous administration [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 ), Use in Specific Population ( 8.4 )] . Hepatic Impairment In patients with mild (Child-Pugh Class A, n=4) or moderate (Child-Pugh Class B, n=4) hepatic impairment, budesonide 4 mg was administered orally as a single dose. The patients with moderate hepatic impairment had a 3.5-fold higher AUC compared to the healthy subjects with normal hepatic function while the patients with mild hepatic impairment had an approximately 1.4-fold higher AUC. The C max values demonstrated similar increases [see Dosage and Administration ( 2.4 ), Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 )] . The increased systemic exposure in patients with mild hepatic impairment was not considered to be clinically relevant. Patients with severe liver impairment (Child-Pugh Class C) were not studied. Drug Interaction Studies Budesonide is metabolized via CYP3A4. Potent inhibitors of CYP3A4 can increase the plasma concentrations of budesonide several-fold. Conversely, induction of CYP3A4 potentially could result in the lowering of budesonide plasma concentrations. Effects of Other Drugs on Budesonide Ketoconazole In an open, non-randomized, cross-over study, 6 healthy subjects were given budesonide 10 mg as a single dose, either alone or concomitantly with the last ketoconazole dose of 3 days treatment with ketoconazole 100 mg twice daily. Co-administration of ketoconazole resulted in an eight-fold increase in AUC of budesonide, compared to budesonide alone [see Drug Interactions ( 7.1 )] . Grapefruit Juice In an open, randomized, cross-over study, 8 healthy subjects were given budesonide capsules (enteric coated) 3 mg, either alone, or concomitantly with 600 mL concentrated grapefruit juice (which inhibits CYP3A4 activity predominantly in the intestinal mucosa), on the last of 4 daily administrations. Concomitant administration of grapefruit juice resulted in a 2-fold increase of the bioavailability of budesonide compared to budesonide alone [see Drug Interactions ( 7.1 )] . Oral Contraceptives (CYP3A4 Substrates) In a parallel study, the pharmacokinetics of budesonide were not significantly different between healthy female subjects who received oral contraceptives containing desogestrel 0.15 mg and ethinyl estradiol 30 μg and healthy female subjects who did not receive oral contraceptives. Budesonide 4.5 mg once daily (one-half the recommended dose) for one week did not affect the plasma concentrations of ethinyl estradiol, a CYP3A4 substrate. The effect of budesonide 9 mg once daily on the plasma concentrations of ethinyl estradiol was not studied. Omeprazole In a study in 11 healthy subjects, performed in a double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled manner, the effect of 5 to 6 days treatment with omeprazole 20 mg once daily on the pharmacokinetics of budesonide administered as budesonide capsules (enteric coated) 9 mg as a single dose was investigated. Omeprazole 20 mg once daily did not affect the absorption or pharmacokinetics of budesonide. Cimetidine In an open, non-randomized, cross-over study, the potential effect of cimetidine on the pharmacokinetics of budesonide was studied. Six healthy subjects received cimetidine 1 gram daily (200 mg with meals and 400 mg at night) for 2 separate 3-day periods. Budesonide 4 mg was administered either alone or on the last day of one of the cimetidine treatment periods. Co-administration of cimetidine resulted in a 52% and 31% increase in the budesonide peak plasma concentration and the AUC of budesonide, respectively.
Contraindications
Information about situations in which the drug product is contraindicated or should not be used because the risk of use clearly outweighs any possible benefit, including the type and nature of reactions that have been reported.4 CONTRAINDICATIONS Hypersensitivity to budesonide or any of the ingredients in budesonide capsules. ( 4 ) Budesonide capsules (enteric coated) are contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity to budesonide or any of the ingredients of budesonide capsules (enteric coated). Serious hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis have occurred [see Adverse Reactions ( 6.2 )].
Description
General information about the drug product, including the proprietary and established name of the drug, the type of dosage form and route of administration to which the label applies, qualitative and quantitative ingredient information, the pharmacologic or therapeutic class of the drug, and the chemical name and structural formula of the drug.11 DESCRIPTION Budesonide USP, the active ingredient of budesonide delayed-release capsules (enteric coated), is a synthetic corticosteroid. Budesonide is designated chemically as (RS)-11β, 16α, 17, 21- tetrahydroxypregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione cyclic 16,17-acetal with butyraldehyde. Budesonide is provided as a mixture of two epimers (22R and 22S). The molecular formula of budesonide is C 25 H 34 O 6 and its molecular weight is 430.5. Its structural formula is: Budesonide, USP is a white to off-white, odorless, crystalline powder that is practically insoluble in water and heptane, sparingly soluble in ethanol, and freely soluble in chloroform. Its partition coefficient between octanol and water at pH 5 is 1.6 x 10 3 ionic strength 0.01. Each capsule for oral administration contains 3 mg of micronized budesonide with the following inactive ingredients: acetyltributyl citrate, ethylcellulose aqueous dispersion, gelatin, iron oxide red, iron oxide yellow, methacrylic acid copolymer dispersion, polysorbate 80, simethicone emulsion, sodium lauryl sulfate, sugar spheres, talc, titanium dioxide and triethyl citrate. The capsule shell is printed with black pharmaceutical ink which contains following ingredients: iron oxide black, potassium hydroxide, propylene glycol and shellac. budesonide
Dosage and administration
Information about the drug product’s dosage and administration recommendations, including starting dose, dose range, titration regimens, and any other clinically sigificant information that affects dosing recommendations.2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION Administration Instructions ( 2.1 ) • Take once daily in the morning. • Swallow whole. Do not chew or crush. • For patients unable to swallow an intact capsule, open the capsules and empty the granules onto one tablespoonful of applesauce. Mix and consume the entire contents within 30 minutes. Do not chew or crush. Follow with 8 ounces of water. • Avoid consumption of grapefruit juice for the duration of therapy. Recommended Dosage Mild to moderate active Crohn's disease ( 2.2 ) • Adults: 9 mg once daily for up to 8 weeks; repeat 8 week treatment courses for recurring episodes of active disease. • Pediatrics 8 to 17 years who weigh more than 25 kg: 9 mg once daily for up to 8 weeks, followed by 6 mg once daily in the morning for 2 weeks. Maintenance of clinical remission of mild to moderate Crohn's disease ( 2.3 ) • Adults: 6 mg once daily for up to 3 months; taper to complete cessation after 3 months. Continued treatment for more than 3 months has not been shown to provide substantial clinical benefit. • When switching from oral prednisolone, begin tapering prednisolone concomitantly with initiating budesonide capsules (enteric coated). Hepatic Impairment • Consider reducing the dosage to 3 mg once daily in adult patients with moderate hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Class B). ( 2.4 , 5.1 , 8.6 ) 2.1 Administration Instructions • Take budesonide delayed-release capsules (enteric coated) once daily in the morning. • Swallow budesonide delayed-release capsules (enteric coated) whole. Do not chew or crush. • For patients unable to swallow an intact capsule, budesonide delayed-release capsules can be opened and administered as follows: 1. Place one tablespoonful of applesauce into a clean container (e.g., empty bowl). The applesauce used should not be hot and should be soft enough to be swallowed without chewing. 2. Open the capsule(s). 3. Carefully empty all the granules inside the capsule(s) on the applesauce. 4. Mix the granules with the applesauce. 5. Consume the entire contents within 30 minutes of mixing. Do not chew or crush the granules. Do not save the applesauce and granules for future use. 6. Follow the applesauce and granules immediately with a glass (8 ounces) of cool water to ensure complete swallowing of the granules. • Avoid consumption of grapefruit juice for the duration of budesonide delayed-release capsules (enteric coated) therapy [see Drug Interactions (7.1) ]. 2.2 Treatment of Mild to Moderate Active Crohn’s Disease The recommended dosage of budesonide delayed-release capsules (enteric coated) is: Adults 9 mg orally once daily for up to 8 weeks. Repeated 8 week courses of budesonide delayed-release capsules (enteric coated) can be given for recurring episodes of active disease. Pediatric patients 8 to 17 years who weigh more than 25 kg 9 mg orally once daily for up to 8 weeks, followed by 6 mg once daily for 2 weeks. 2.3 Maintenance of Clinical Remission of Mild to Moderate Crohn’s Disease The recommended dosage in adults, following an 8 week course(s) of treatment for active disease and once the patient's symptoms are controlled (CDAI less than 150), is budesonide capsules(enteric coated) 6 mg orally once daily for maintenance of clinical remission up to 3 months. If symptom control is still maintained at 3 months an attempt to taper to complete cessation is recommended. Continued treatment with budesonide capsules (enteric coated) 6 mg for more than 3 months has not been shown to provide substantial clinical benefit. Patients with mild to moderate active Crohn's disease involving the ileum and/or ascending colon have been switched from oral prednisolone to budesonide capsules (enteric coated) with no reported episodes of adrenal insufficiency. Since prednisolone should not be stopped abruptly, tapering should begin concomitantly with initiating budesonide capsules (enteric coated) treatment. 2.4 Dosage Adjustment in Adult Patients with Hepatic Impairment Consider reducing the dosage of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) to 3 mg once daily for adult patients with moderate hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Class B). Avoid use in patients with severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Class C) [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 ), Use in Specific Populations ( 8.6 )] .
Dosage forms and strengths
Information about all available dosage forms and strengths for the drug product to which the labeling applies. This field may contain descriptions of product appearance.3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS Delayed-Release Capsules: 3 mg ( 3 ) Budesonide Delayed-Release Capsules (enteric coated), 3 mg are white to off-white, free flowing pellets, filled in size '1' hard gelatin capsules having opaque light-orange colored cap printed with "720" in black ink and opaque white body.
Indications and usage
A statement of each of the drug products indications for use, such as for the treatment, prevention, mitigation, cure, or diagnosis of a disease or condition, or of a manifestation of a recognized disease or condition, or for the relief of symptoms associated with a recognized disease or condition. This field may also describe any relevant limitations of use.1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Budesonide delayed-release capsules (enteric coated) are corticosteroid indicated for: • Treatment of mild to moderate active Crohn's disease involving the ileum and/or the ascending colon, in patients 8 years and older. ( 1.1 ) • Maintenance of clinical remission of mild to moderate Crohn's disease involving the ileum and/or the ascending colon for up to 3 months in adults. ( 1.2 ) 1.1 Treatment of Mild to Moderate Active Crohn’s Disease Budesonide delayed-release capsules (enteric coated) are indicated for the treatment of mild to moderate active Crohn's disease involving the ileum and/or the ascending colon in patients 8 years of age and older. 1.2 Maintenance of Clinical Remission of Mild to Moderate Crohn’s Disease Budesonide delayed-release capsules (enteric coated) are indicated for the maintenance of clinical remission of mild to moderate Crohn's disease involving the ileum and/or the ascending colon for up to 3 months in adults.
Spl product data elements
Usually a list of ingredients in a drug product.budesonide budesonide BUDESONIDE BUDESONIDE ACETYLTRIBUTYL CITRATE ETHYLCELLULOSE, UNSPECIFIED GELATIN, UNSPECIFIED FERRIC OXIDE RED FERRIC OXIDE YELLOW METHACRYLIC ACID AND ETHYL ACRYLATE COPOLYMER POLYSORBATE 80 DIMETHICONE SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE SUCROSE TALC TITANIUM DIOXIDE TRIETHYL CITRATE FERROSOFERRIC OXIDE POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE PROPYLENE GLYCOL SHELLAC OPAQUE LIGHT-ORANGE OPAQUE WHITE CAPSULE 720
Nonclinical toxicology
Information about toxicology in non-human subjects.13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY 13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility Carcinogenicity studies with budesonide were conducted in rats and mice. In a two-year study in Sprague-Dawley rats, budesonide caused a statistically significant increase in the incidence of gliomas in male rats at an oral dose of 50 mcg/kg (approximately 0.05 times the maximum recommended human dose on a body surface area basis). In addition, there were increased incidences of primary hepatocellular tumors in male rats at 25 mcg/kg (approximately 0.023 times the maximum recommended human dose on a body surface area basis) and above. No tumorigenicity was seen in female rats at oral doses up to 50 mcg/kg (approximately 0.05 times the maximum recommended human dose on a body surface area basis). In an additional two-year study in male Sprague-Dawley rats, budesonide caused no gliomas at an oral dose of 50 mcg/kg (approximately 0.05 times the maximum recommended human dose on a body surface area basis). However, it caused a statistically significant increase in the incidence of hepatocellular tumors at an oral dose of 50 mcg/kg (approximately 0.05 times the maximum recommended human dose on a body surface area basis). The concurrent reference corticosteroids (prednisolone and triamcinolone acetonide) showed similar findings. In a 91-week study in mice, budesonide caused no treatment-related carcinogenicity at oral doses up to 200 mcg/kg (approximately 0.1 times the maximum recommended human dose on a body surface area basis). Budesonide was not genotoxic in the Ames test, the mouse lymphoma cell forward gene mutation (TK +/- ) test, the human lymphocyte chromosome aberration test, the Drosophila melanogaster sex-linked recessive lethality test, the rat hepatocyte UDS test and the mouse micronucleus test. In rats, budesonide had no effect on fertility at subcutaneous doses up to 80 mcg/kg (approximately 0.07 times the maximum recommended human dose on a body surface area basis). However, it caused a decrease in prenatal viability and viability in pups at birth and during lactation, along with a decrease in maternal body-weight gain, at subcutaneous doses of 20 mcg/kg (approximately 0.02 times the maximum recommended human dose on a body surface area basis) and above. No such effects were noted at 5 mcg/kg (approximately 0.005 times the maximum recommended human dose on a body surface area basis).
Package label principal display panel
The content of the principal display panel of the product package, usually including the product’s name, dosage forms, and other key information about the drug product.Package/Label Display Panel MAJOR® NCD 0904-7313-10 Unit Dose Budesonide Delayed-Release Capsules (Enteric Coated) 3 mg 20 CAPSULES (2 x 10) Rx only 3mg carton label
Recent major changes
A list of the section(s) that contain substantive changes that have been approved by FDA in the product labeling. The headings and subheadings, if appropriate, affected by the change are listed together with each section’s identifying number and the month and year on which the change was incorporated in the labeling.RECENT MAJOR CHANGES Warnings and Precautions Immunosuppression and Increased Risk of Infection (5.3) 06/2024 Kaposi's Sarcoma (5.4) 06/2024
budesonide: Information for patients
Information necessary for patients to use the drug safely and effectively, such as precautions concerning driving or the concomitant use of other substances that may have harmful additive effects.17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION Advise Patients to read the FDA-Approved patient labeling (Patient Information). Hypercorticism and Adrenal Axis Suppression Advise patients that budesonide capsules (enteric coated) may cause hypercorticism and adrenal axis suppression and to follow a taper schedule, as instructed by their healthcare provider if transferring to budesonide capsules (enteric coated) from systemic corticosteroids [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 , 5.2 )] . Advise patients that replacement of systemic corticosteroids with budesonide capsules (enteric coated) may unmask allergies (e.g., rhinitis and eczema), which were previously controlled by the systemic drug. Immunosuppression and Increased Risk of Infection Advise patients to avoid exposure to people with varicella (chicken pox) or measles. Advise patients inform their healthcare provider if they are exposed to varicella or measles or if they develop a new or worsening infection [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.3 )] . Kaposi's Sarcoma Advise patients that Kaposi's sarcoma has been reported in patients receiving corticosteroids for chronic conditions and to inform their healthcare provider if they experience signs or symptoms of Kaposi's sarcoma [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.4 )] . Pregnancy Advise female patients that budesonide capsules (enteric coated) may cause fetal harm and to inform their healthcare provider with a known or suspected pregnancy [see Use in Specific Populations ( 8.1 )] . Administration • Take budesonide capsules (enteric coated) once daily in the morning. • Swallow budesonide delayed-release capsules (enteric coated) whole. Do not chew or crush. • For patients unable to swallow an intact capsule, budesonide delayed-release capsules can be opened and administered as follows: 1. Place one tablespoonful of applesauce into a clean container (e.g., empty bowl). The applesauce used should not be hot and should be soft enough to be swallowed without chewing. 2. Open the capsule(s). 3. Carefully empty all the granules inside the capsule(s) on the applesauce. 4. Mix the granules with the applesauce. 5. Consume the entire contents within 30 minutes of mixing. Do not chew or crush the granules. Do not save the applesauce and granules for future use. 6. Follow the applesauce and granules immediately with a glass (8 ounces) of cool water to ensure complete swallowing of the granules. • Avoid consumption of grapefruit juice for the duration of their budesonide capsules (enteric coated) therapy [see Drug Interactions ( 7.1 )] . Manufactured by: Zydus Lifesciences Ltd. Ahmedabad, India Distributed by: Zydus Pharmaceuticals (USA) Inc. Pennington, NJ 08534 Packaged and Distributed by: MAJOR® PHARMACEUTICALS Indianapolis, IN 46268 USA Refer to package label for Distributor's NDC Number Rev.: 06/24
Patient medication information
Information or instructions to patients about safe use of the drug product, sometimes including a reference to a patient medication guide or counseling materials.PATIENT MEDICATION INFORMATION SECTION PATIENT INFORMATION Budesonide (bue des' oh nide) Delayed-Release Capsules (Enteric Coated) Read this Patient Information before you start taking budesonide delayed-release capsules (enteric coated) and each time you get a refill. There may be new information. This information does not take the place of talking to your healthcare provider about your medical condition or your treatment. What are budesonide delayed-release capsules (enteric coated)? Budesonide delayed-release capsules (enteric coated) are prescription corticosteroid medicine used to treat mild to moderate Crohn's disease that affects part of the small intestine (ileum) and part of the large intestine (ascending colon): • in people 8 years of age and older with active Crohn's disease • in adults to help keep symptoms from coming back for up to 3 months It is not known if budesonide delayed-release capsules (enteric coated) are safe and effective in children under 8 years of age, or in children 8 to 17 years of age who weigh 55 pounds (25 kg) or less, for the treatment of mild to moderate active Crohn's disease that affects part of the small intestine (ileum) and part of the large intestine (ascending colon). It is not known if budesonide delayed-release capsules (enteric coated) are safe and effective in children to help keep symptoms of mild to moderate Crohn's disease that affects part of the small intestine (ileum) and part of the large intestine (ascending colon) from coming back. Who should not take budesonide delayed-release capsules (enteric coated)? Do not take budesonide delayed-release capsules s (enteric coated) if: • you are allergic to budesonide or any of the ingredients in budesonide delayed-release capsules (enteric coated). See the end of this leaflet for a complete list of ingredients in budesonide delayed-release capsules (enteric coated). Before you take budesonide delayed-release capsules (enteric coated) tell your healthcare provider if you have any other medical conditions including if you: • have liver problems. • are planning to have surgery. • have chicken pox or measles or have recently been near anyone with chicken pox or measles. • have an infection, including fungal and threadworm (Strongyloides) infections. • have diabetes or glaucoma or have a family history of diabetes or glaucoma. • have cataracts. • have or had tuberculosis. • have high blood pressure (hypertension). • have decreased bone mineral density (osteoporosis). • have stomach ulcers. • have malaria of the brain (cerebral malaria). • are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. Budesonide delayed-release capsules (enteric coated) may harm your unborn baby. Talk to your healthcare provider about the possible risk to your unborn baby if you take budesonide delayed-release capsules (enteric coated) when you are pregnant. Tell your healthcare provider right away if you become pregnant or think you may be pregnant during your treatment with budesonide delayed-release capsules (enteric coated). • are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. It is not known if budesonide delayed-release capsules (enteric coated) passes into your breast milk or if it will affect your baby. Talk to your healthcare provider about the best way to feed your baby if you take budesonide delayed-release capsules (enteric coated). Tell your healthcare provider about all the medicines you take, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements. Budesonide delayed-release capsules (enteric coated) and other medicines may affect each other causing side effects. How should I take budesonide delayed-release capsules (enteric coated)? • Take budesonide delayed-release capsules (enteric coated) exactly as your healthcare provider tells you. • Your healthcare provider will tell you how many budesonide delayed-release capsules (enteric coated) to take. Your healthcare provider may change your dose if needed. • Take budesonide delayed-release capsules (enteric coated) 1 time each day in the morning. • Take budesonide delayed-release capsules (enteric coated) whole. Do not chew or crush budesonide delayed-release capsules (enteric coated) before swallowing. • For patients, unable to swallow a whole capsule, budesonide delayed-release capsules (enteric coated) can be opened and administered as follows: 1. Place 1 tablespoonful of applesauce into a clean container, such as an empty bowl. The applesauce used should not be hot and should be soft enough to be swallowed without chewing. 2. Open the capsule. You may need to use more than 1 budesonide delayed-release capsules (enteric coated) for the dose prescribed by your healthcare provider. 3. Carefully empty all of the granules inside the capsule on the applesauce. 4. Stir the granules with the applesauce. 5. Swallow the applesauce and granules mixture within 30 minutes after preparing it. Follow the applesauce and granules immediately with a glass (8 ounces) of cool water to help with complete swallowing of the granules. 6. Do not chew or crush the granules. 7. Do not save the applesauce and granules for later use. • If you take too much budesonide delayed-release capsules (enteric coated) call your healthcare provider right away or go to the nearest hospital emergency room. What should I avoid while taking budesonide delayed-release capsules (enteric coated)? • Do not drink grapefruit juice during your treatment with budesonide delayed-release capsules (enteric coated). Drinking grapefruit juice can increase the level of budesonide delayed-release capsules (enteric coated) in your blood. What are the possible side effects of budesonide delayed-release capsules (enteric coated)? Budesonide delayed-release capsules (enteric coated) may cause serious side effects, including: • Effects of having too much corticosteroid medicine in your blood (hypercorticism). Long-time use of budesonide delayed-release capsules (enteric coated) can cause you to have too much corticosteroid medicine in your blood. Tell your healthcare provider if you have any of the following signs and symptoms of hypercorticism: o acne o thicker or more hair on your body and face o bruise easily o a fatty pad or hump between your shoulders (buffalo hump) o rounding of your face (moon face) o pink or purple stretch marks on the skin of your abdomen, thighs, breasts and arms o ankle swelling • Adrenal suppression. When budesonide delayed-release capsules (enteric coated) are taken for a long period of time (chronic use), adrenal suppression can happen. This is a condition in which the adrenal glands do not make enough steroid hormones. Symptoms of adrenal suppression include: tiredness, weakness, nausea and vomiting and low blood pressure. Tell your healthcare provider if you are under stress or have any symptoms of adrenal suppression during treatment with budesonide delayed-release capsules (enteric coated). • Worsening of allergies. If you take certain other corticosteroid medicines to treat allergies, switching to budesonide delayed-release capsules (enteric coated) may cause your allergies to come back. These allergies may include a skin condition called eczema or inflammation inside your nose (rhinitis). Tell your healthcare provider if any of your allergies become worse while taking budesonide delayed-release capsules (enteric coated). • Decreased ability of your body to fight infections (immunosuppression) and increased risk of infection . Corticosteroid medicines, including budesonide delayed-release capsules (enteric coated), lower the ability of your immune system to fight infections and increase the risk of infections caused by virus, bacteria, fungi, protozoan, or certain parasites. Corticosteroid medicines including budesonide delayed-release capsules (enteric coated) can also: o make current infections worse o increase the risk of infections spreading (disseminated) o increase the risk of making infections active again or making infections worse that have not been active (latent) o hide (mask) some signs of infection These infections can be mild, but can be severe and lead to death. Your healthcare provide should check you closely for signs and symptoms of an infection while taking budesonide delayed-release capsules (enteric coated). Tell your healthcare provider right away about any signs or symptoms of a new or worsening infection while taking budesonide delayed-release capsules (enteric coated), including flu-like symptoms such as:. o fever o cough o chills o pain o stomach area (abdominal) pain o feeling tired o aches o nausea and vomiting o diarrhea o Tuberculosis: If you have inactive (latent) tuberculosis, your tuberculosis may become active again while taking budesonide delayed-release capsules (enteric coated) your healthcare provider should check you closely for signs and symptoms of tuberculosis while taking budesonide delayed-release capsules (enteric coated). o Chicken pox and measles: People taking corticosteroid medicines, including E budesonide delayed-release capsules (enteric coated), who have not had chicken pox or measles, should avoid contact with people who have these diseases. Tell your healthcare provider right away if you come in contact with anyone who has chicken pox or measles. o Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) reactivation: If you are a carrier of HBV, the virus can become an active infection again while taking budesonide delayed-release capsules (enteric coated). Your healthcare provider will test you for HBV before you start taking budesonide delayed-release capsules (enteric coated). o Amebiasis: Inactive (latent) amebiasis before you start taking budesonide delayed-release capsules (enteric coated). Your healthcare provider should check you for amebiasis before you start taking budesonide delayed-release capsules (enteric coated) in people who have spent time in the tropcs or have unexplained diarrhea. • Kaposi's Sarcoma. Kaposi's sarcoma has happened in people who receive corticosteroid therapy, most often for treatment of long-lasting (chronic) conditions. The most common side effects of budesonide delayed-release capsules (enteric coated) in adults include: • headache • vomiting • stomach area (abdominal) pain • back pain • infection in your air passages (respiratory infection) • tiredness • gas • indigestion • nausea • pain • dizziness The most common side effects of budesonide delayed-release capsules (enteric coated) in children 8 to 17 years of age, who weigh more than 55 pounds (25 kg), are similar to the most common side effects in adults. Tell your healthcare provider if you have any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away. These are not all the possible side effects of budesonide delayed-release capsules (enteric coated). For more information, ask your healthcare provider or pharmacist. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088. How should I store budesonide delayed-release capsules (enteric coated)? • Store budesonide delayed-release capsules (enteric coated) at room temperature between 68°F to 77°F (20°C to 25°C). • Budesonide delayed-release capsules (enteric coated) comes in child-resistant bottles of 30s, 90s and 100s. • Keep budesonide delayed-release capsules (enteric coated) in a tightly closed container. Keep budesonide delayed-release capsules (enteric coated) and all medicines out of the reach of children. General information about the safe and effective use of budesonide delayed-release capsules (enteric coated) Medicines are sometimes prescribed for purposes other than those listed in a Patient Information leaflet. Do not use budesonide delayed-release capsules (enteric coated) for a condition for which it was not prescribed. Do not give budesonide delayed-release capsules (enteric coated) to other people, even if they have the same symptoms that you have. It may harm them. You can ask your pharmacist or healthcare provider for information about budesonide delayed-release capsules (enteric coated) that is written for health professionals. Please address medical inquiries to [email protected] or Tel.: 1-877-993-8779. What are the ingredients in budesonide delayed-release capsules (enteric coated)? Active ingredient: budesonide, USP Inactive ingredients: acetyltributyl citrate, ethylcellulose aqueous dispersion, gelatin, iron oxide red, iron oxide yellow, methacrylic acid copolymer dispersion, polysorbate 80, simethicone emulsion, sodium lauryl sulfate, sugar spheres, talc, titanium dioxide and triethyl citrate. The capsule shell is printed with black pharmaceutical ink which contains following ingredients: iron oxide black, potassium hydroxide, propylene glycol and shellac. This Patient Information has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Manufactured by: Zydus Lifesciences Ltd. Ahmedabad, India Distributed by: Zydus Pharmaceuticals (USA) Inc. Pennington, NJ 08534 Packaged and Distributed by: MAJOR® PHARMACEUTICALS Indianapolis, IN 46268 USA Refer to package label for Distributor's NDC Number Rev.: 06/24
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Clinical studies
This field may contain references to clinical studies in place of detailed discussion in other sections of the labeling.14 CLINICAL STUDIES 14.1 Treatment of Mild to Moderate Active Crohn’s Disease Adults The efficacy of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) were evaluated in 994 patients with mild to moderate active Crohn's disease of the ileum and/or ascending colon in 5 randomized and double-blind studies of 8 weeks duration. The study patients ranged in age from 17 to 85 (mean 35), 40% were male and 97% were white. The Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI) was the main clinical assessment used for determining efficacy in these 5 studies. 1 The CDAI is a validated index based on subjective aspects rated by the patient (frequency of liquid or very soft stools, abdominal pain rating and general well-being) and objective observations (number of extraintestinal symptoms, need for antidiarrheal drugs, presence of abdominal mass, body weight and hematocrit). Clinical improvement, defined as a CDAI score of less than or equal to 150 assessed after 8 weeks of treatment, was the primary efficacy variable in these 5 comparative efficacy studies of budesonide capsules (enteric coated). Safety assessments in these studies included monitoring of adverse reactions. A checklist of potential symptoms of hypercorticism was used. One study (Study 1) compared the efficacy of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) 9 mg daily in the morning to a comparator. At baseline, the median CDAI was 272. budesonide capsules (enteric coated) 9 mg daily resulted in a significantly higher clinical improvement rate at Week 8 than the comparator. See Table 5. Table 5 Clinical Improvement Rates (CDAI less than or equal to 150) After 8 weeks of Treatment 1. p=0.0004 compared to comparator. 2. p=0.001 compared to placebo. 3. This drug is not approved for the treatment of Crohn's disease in the United States. Clinical Study Budesonide Capsules (Enteric Coated) 9 mg Daily Budesonide Capsules (Enteric Coated) 4.5 mg Twice Daily Comparator 3 Placebo Prednisolone 1 62/91 (69%) 1 37/83 (45%) 2 31/61 (51%) 2 13/64 (20%) 3 38/79 (48%) 41/78 (53%) 13/40 (33%) 4 35/58 (60%) 25/60 (42%) 35/58 (60%) 5 45/86 (52%) 56/85 (65%) Two placebo-controlled clinical trials (Studies 2 and 3) were conducted. Study 2 involved 258 patients and tested the effects of graded doses of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) (1.5 mg twice daily, 4.5 mg twice daily, or 7.5 mg twice daily) versus placebo. At baseline, the median CDAI was 290. The 1.5 mg twice daily arm (data not shown) could not be differentiated from placebo. The 4.5 mg twice daily arm was statistically different from placebo (Table 5), while no additional benefit was seen when the daily budesonide capsules (enteric coated) dose was increased to 15 mg per day (data not shown). Study 3 was a 3-armed parallel group study. The groups were treated with budesonide capsules (enteric coated) 9 mg once daily, budesonide capsules (enteric coated) 4.5 mg twice daily and placebo for 8 weeks, followed by a 2-week double-blind taper phase. The median CDAI at baseline was 263. Neither 9 mg daily nor 4.5 mg twice daily budesonide capsules (enteric coated) dose levels were statistically different from placebo (Table 5). The recommended dosage of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) for the treatment of mild to moderate active Crohn's disease involving the ileum and/or the ascending colon in adults is 9 mg once daily in the morning for up to 8 weeks [see Dosage and Administration ( 2.1 )] . Two clinical trials (Studies 4 and 5) compared budesonide capsules (enteric coated) with oral prednisolone (initial dose 40 mg per day). Study 4 was a 3-armed parallel group study. The groups were treated with budesonide capsules (enteric coated) 9 mg once daily, budesonide capsules (enteric coated) 4.5 mg twice daily and prednisolone 40 mg (tapered dose) for 8 weeks, followed by a 4-week double blind taper phase. At baseline, the median CDAI was 277. Equal clinical improvement rates (60%) were seen in the budesonide capsules (enteric coated) 9 mg daily and the prednisolone groups in Study 4. In Study 5, 13% fewer patients in the budesonide capsules (enteric coated) group experienced clinical improvement than in the prednisolone group (no statistical difference) (Table 5). The proportion of patients with normal plasma cortisol values (greater than 64.58 ng/mL) was significantly higher in the budesonide capsules (enteric coated) groups in both trials (60% to 66%) than in the prednisolone groups (26% to 28%) at Week 8. Pediatrics (8 to 17 Years of Age) The effectiveness of budesonide capsules (enteric coated), in pediatric patients aged 8 to 17 years, who weigh more than 25 kg with mild to moderate active Crohn's disease (defined as Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI) ≥ 200) involving the ileum and/or the ascending colon, was assessed in one randomized, double-blind, active control study. This study compared budesonide capsules (enteric coated) 9 mg once daily, with prednisolone, administered at tapering doses starting from 1 mg/kg. Twenty-two (22) patients were treated with budesonide capsules (enteric coated) capsules and 24 patients were treated with prednisolone. After 8 weeks of treatment, 55% (95% CI: 32%, 77%) of patients treated with budesonide capsules (enteric coated) reached the endpoint (CDAI ≤150), as compared to 68% (95% CI: 47%, 89%) of patients treated with prednisolone. The average number of liquid or very soft stools per day (assessed over 7 days) decreased from 1.49 at baseline to 0.96 after treatment with budesonide capsules (enteric coated) and 2.00 at baseline to 0.52 after treatment with prednisolone. The average daily abdominal pain rating (where 0=none, 1=mild, 2=moderate, and 3=severe) decreased from 1.49 at baseline to 0.54 after treatment with budesonide capsules (enteric coated) and 1.64 at baseline to 0.38 after 8 weeks of treatment with prednisolone. Use of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) in this age group is supported by evidence from adequate and well-controlled studies of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) in adults, and by safety and pharmacokinetic studies performed in pediatric patients. 14.2 Maintenance of Clinical Remission of Mild to Moderate Crohn’s Disease Adults The efficacy of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) for maintenance of clinical remission were evaluated in four double-blind, placebo-controlled, 12-month trials in which 380 patients were randomized and treated once daily with 3 mg or 6 mg budesonide capsules (enteric coated) or placebo. Patients ranged in age from 18 to 73 (mean 37) years. Sixty percent of the patients were female and 99% were Caucasian. The mean CDAI at entry was 96. Among the four clinical trials, approximately 75% of the patients enrolled had exclusively ileal disease. Colonoscopy was not performed following treatment. Budesonide capsules (enteric coated) 6 mg per day prolonged the time to relapse, defined as an increase in CDAI of at least 60 units to a total score greater than 150 or withdrawal due to disease deterioration. The median time to relapse in the pooled population of the 4 studies was 154 days for patients taking placebo, and 268 days for patients taking budesonide capsules (enteric coated) 6 mg per day. Budesonide capsules (enteric coated) 6 mg per day reduced the proportion of patients with loss of symptom control relative to placebo in the pooled population for the 4 studies at 3 months (28% versus 45% for placebo).
| 1. p=0.0004 compared to comparator. | |||||
| 2. p=0.001 compared to placebo. | |||||
| 3. This drug is not approved for the treatment of Crohn's disease in the United States. | |||||
References
This field may contain references when prescription drug labeling must summarize or otherwise relay on a recommendation by an authoritative scientific body, or on a standardized methodology, scale, or technique, because the information is important to prescribing decisions.15 REFERENCES 1. Best WR, Becktel JM, Singleton JW, Kern F: Development of a Crohn's Disease Activity Index, National Cooperative Crohn's Disease Study. Gastroenterology 1976; 70(3): 439-444.
Geriatric use
Information about any limitations on any geriatric indications, needs for specific monitoring, hazards associated with use of the drug in the geriatric population.8.5 Geriatric Use Clinical studies of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) did not include sufficient numbers of patients aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger patients. Of the 651 patients treated with budesonide capsules (enteric coated) in clinical studies, 17 (3%) were greater than or equal to 65 years of age and none were greater than 74 years of age. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.
Nursing mothers
Information about excretion of the drug in human milk and effects on the nursing infant, including pertinent adverse effects observed in animal offspring.8.2 Lactation Risk Summary Lactation studies have not been conducted with oral budesonide, including budesonide capsules (enteric coated), and no information is available on the effects of the drug on the breastfed infant or the effects of the drug on milk production. One published study reports that budesonide is present in human milk following maternal inhalation of budesonide [ see Data ]. The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother's clinical need for budesonide capsules (enteric coated) and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed infant from budesonide capsules (enteric coated), or from the underlying maternal condition. Data One published study reports that budesonide is present in human milk following maternal inhalation of budesonide which resulted in infant doses approximately 0.3% to 1% of the maternal weight-adjusted dosage and a milk/plasma ratio ranging between 0.4 and 0.5. Budesonide plasma concentrations were not detected and no adverse events were noted in the breastfed infants following maternal use of inhaled budesonide. The recommended daily dose of budesonide capsule (enteric coated) is higher (up to 9 mg daily) compared with inhaled budesonide (up to 800 mcg daily) given to mothers in the above described study. The maximum budesonide plasma concentration following a 9 mg daily dose (in both single- and repeated-dose pharmacokinetic studies) of oral budesonide is approximately 2.15 to 4.31 ng/mL which is up to 10 times higher than the 0.43 to 0.86 ng/mL for a 800 mcg daily dose of inhaled budesonide at steady state in the above inhalation study. Assuming the coefficient of extrapolation between the inhaled and oral doses is constant across all dose levels, at therapeutic doses of budesonide capsules (enteric coated), budesonide exposure to the nursing child may be up to 10 times higher than that by budesonide inhalation.
Pediatric use
Information about any limitations on any pediatric indications, needs for specific monitoring, hazards associated with use of the drug in any subsets of the pediatric population (such as neonates, infants, children, or adolescents), differences between pediatric and adult responses to the drug, and other information related to the safe and effective pediatric use of the drug.8.4 Pediatric Use The safety and effectiveness of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) have been established in pediatric patients 8 to 17 years of age who weigh more than 25 kg for the treatment of mild to moderate active Crohn's disease involving the ileum and/or the ascending colon. Use of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) in this age group is supported by evidence from adequate and well controlled studies of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) in adults, with additional data from 2 clinical studies in 149 pediatric patients treated up to 8 weeks and one pharmacokinetic study in 8 pediatric patients [see Adverse Reactions ( 6.1 ), Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.3 ), and Clinical Studies ( 14.1 )] . The observed safety profile of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) in pediatric patients is consistent with its known safety profile in adults and no new safety concerns were identified [see Adverse Reactions ( 6.1 )] . The safety and effectiveness of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) have not been established in pediatric patients less than 8 years of age for the treatment of mild to moderate active Crohn's disease involving the ileum and/or the ascending colon. The safety and effectiveness of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) have not been established in pediatric patients for the maintenance of clinical remission of mild to moderate Crohn's disease. An open-label study to evaluate the safety and tolerability of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) as maintenance treatment in pediatric patients aged 5 to 17 years was conducted, and did not establish the safety and efficacy of maintenance of clinical remission. Systemic corticosteroids, including budesonide capsules (enteric coated), may cause a reduction of growth velocity in pediatric patients. Pediatric patients with Crohn's disease have a 17% higher mean systemic exposure and cortisol suppression than adults with Crohn's disease [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 ) and Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.2 )] .
Pregnancy
Information about effects the drug may have on pregnant women or on a fetus. This field may be ommitted if the drug is not absorbed systemically and the drug is not known to have a potential for indirect harm to the fetus. It may contain information about the established pregnancy category classification for the drug. (That information is nominally listed in the teratogenic_effects field, but may be listed here instead.)8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary Limited published studies report on the use of budesonide in pregnant women; however, the data are insufficient to inform a drug-associated risk for major birth defects and miscarriage. There are clinical considerations [see Clinical Considerations]. In animal reproduction studies with pregnant rats and rabbits, administration of subcutaneous budesonide during organogenesis at doses approximately 0.5 times or 0.05 times, respectively, the maximum recommended human dose, resulted in increased fetal loss, decreased pup weights, and skeletal abnormalities. Maternal toxicity was observed in both rats and rabbits at these dose levels [ see Data ]. Based on animal data, advise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus. The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage of the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively. Clinical Considerations Disease-Associated Maternal and/or Embryo/Fetal Risk Some published epidemiological studies show an association of adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with Crohn's disease, including preterm birth and low birth weight infants, during periods of increased disease activity (including increased stool frequency and abdominal pain). Pregnant women with Crohn's disease should be counseled regarding the importance of controlling disease. Fetal/Neonatal adverse reactions Hypoadrenalism may occur in infants born of mothers receiving corticosteroids during pregnancy. Infants should be carefully observed for signs of hypoadrenalism, such as poor feeding, irritability, weakness, and vomiting, and managed accordingly [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 )]. Data Animal Data Budesonide was teratogenic and embryolethal in rabbits and rats. In an embryo-fetal development study in pregnant rats dosed subcutaneously with budesonide during the period of organogenesis from gestation days 6 to 15 there were effects on fetal development and survival at subcutaneous doses up to approximately 500 mcg/kg in rats (approximately 0.5 times the maximum recommended human dose on a body surface area basis). In an embryo-fetal development study in pregnant rabbits dosed during the period of organogenesis from gestation days 6 to 18, there was an increase in maternal abortion, and effects on fetal development and reduction in litter weights at subcutaneous doses up to approximately 25 mcg/kg in rabbits (approximately 0.05 times the maximum recommended human dose on a body surface area basis). Maternal toxicity, including reduction in body weight gain, was observed at subcutaneous doses of 5 mcg/kg in rabbits (approximately 0.01 times the maximum recommended human dose on a body surface area basis) and 500 mcg/kg in rats (approximately 0.5 times the maximum recommended human dose on a body surface area basis). In a peri-and post-natal development study, rats dosed subcutaneously with budesonide during the period of Day 15 post coitum to Day 21 postpartum, budesonide had no effects on delivery but did have an effect on growth and development of offspring. In addition, offspring survival was reduced and surviving offspring had decreased mean body weights at birth and during lactation at exposures 0.02 times the MRHD (on a mg/m 2 basis at maternal subcutaneous doses of 20 mcg/kg/day and higher). These findings occurred in the presence of maternal toxicity.
Use in specific populations
Information about use of the drug by patients in specific populations, including pregnant women and nursing mothers, pediatric patients, and geriatric patients.8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS Pregnancy : Based on animal data, may cause fetal harm. ( 8.1 ) 8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary Limited published studies report on the use of budesonide in pregnant women; however, the data are insufficient to inform a drug-associated risk for major birth defects and miscarriage. There are clinical considerations [see Clinical Considerations]. In animal reproduction studies with pregnant rats and rabbits, administration of subcutaneous budesonide during organogenesis at doses approximately 0.5 times or 0.05 times, respectively, the maximum recommended human dose, resulted in increased fetal loss, decreased pup weights, and skeletal abnormalities. Maternal toxicity was observed in both rats and rabbits at these dose levels [ see Data ]. Based on animal data, advise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus. The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage of the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively. Clinical Considerations Disease-Associated Maternal and/or Embryo/Fetal Risk Some published epidemiological studies show an association of adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with Crohn's disease, including preterm birth and low birth weight infants, during periods of increased disease activity (including increased stool frequency and abdominal pain). Pregnant women with Crohn's disease should be counseled regarding the importance of controlling disease. Fetal/Neonatal adverse reactions Hypoadrenalism may occur in infants born of mothers receiving corticosteroids during pregnancy. Infants should be carefully observed for signs of hypoadrenalism, such as poor feeding, irritability, weakness, and vomiting, and managed accordingly [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 )]. Data Animal Data Budesonide was teratogenic and embryolethal in rabbits and rats. In an embryo-fetal development study in pregnant rats dosed subcutaneously with budesonide during the period of organogenesis from gestation days 6 to 15 there were effects on fetal development and survival at subcutaneous doses up to approximately 500 mcg/kg in rats (approximately 0.5 times the maximum recommended human dose on a body surface area basis). In an embryo-fetal development study in pregnant rabbits dosed during the period of organogenesis from gestation days 6 to 18, there was an increase in maternal abortion, and effects on fetal development and reduction in litter weights at subcutaneous doses up to approximately 25 mcg/kg in rabbits (approximately 0.05 times the maximum recommended human dose on a body surface area basis). Maternal toxicity, including reduction in body weight gain, was observed at subcutaneous doses of 5 mcg/kg in rabbits (approximately 0.01 times the maximum recommended human dose on a body surface area basis) and 500 mcg/kg in rats (approximately 0.5 times the maximum recommended human dose on a body surface area basis). In a peri-and post-natal development study, rats dosed subcutaneously with budesonide during the period of Day 15 post coitum to Day 21 postpartum, budesonide had no effects on delivery but did have an effect on growth and development of offspring. In addition, offspring survival was reduced and surviving offspring had decreased mean body weights at birth and during lactation at exposures 0.02 times the MRHD (on a mg/m 2 basis at maternal subcutaneous doses of 20 mcg/kg/day and higher). These findings occurred in the presence of maternal toxicity. 8.2 Lactation Risk Summary Lactation studies have not been conducted with oral budesonide, including budesonide capsules (enteric coated), and no information is available on the effects of the drug on the breastfed infant or the effects of the drug on milk production. One published study reports that budesonide is present in human milk following maternal inhalation of budesonide [ see Data ]. The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother's clinical need for budesonide capsules (enteric coated) and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed infant from budesonide capsules (enteric coated), or from the underlying maternal condition. Data One published study reports that budesonide is present in human milk following maternal inhalation of budesonide which resulted in infant doses approximately 0.3% to 1% of the maternal weight-adjusted dosage and a milk/plasma ratio ranging between 0.4 and 0.5. Budesonide plasma concentrations were not detected and no adverse events were noted in the breastfed infants following maternal use of inhaled budesonide. The recommended daily dose of budesonide capsule (enteric coated) is higher (up to 9 mg daily) compared with inhaled budesonide (up to 800 mcg daily) given to mothers in the above described study. The maximum budesonide plasma concentration following a 9 mg daily dose (in both single- and repeated-dose pharmacokinetic studies) of oral budesonide is approximately 2.15 to 4.31 ng/mL which is up to 10 times higher than the 0.43 to 0.86 ng/mL for a 800 mcg daily dose of inhaled budesonide at steady state in the above inhalation study. Assuming the coefficient of extrapolation between the inhaled and oral doses is constant across all dose levels, at therapeutic doses of budesonide capsules (enteric coated), budesonide exposure to the nursing child may be up to 10 times higher than that by budesonide inhalation. 8.4 Pediatric Use The safety and effectiveness of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) have been established in pediatric patients 8 to 17 years of age who weigh more than 25 kg for the treatment of mild to moderate active Crohn's disease involving the ileum and/or the ascending colon. Use of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) in this age group is supported by evidence from adequate and well controlled studies of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) in adults, with additional data from 2 clinical studies in 149 pediatric patients treated up to 8 weeks and one pharmacokinetic study in 8 pediatric patients [see Adverse Reactions ( 6.1 ), Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.3 ), and Clinical Studies ( 14.1 )] . The observed safety profile of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) in pediatric patients is consistent with its known safety profile in adults and no new safety concerns were identified [see Adverse Reactions ( 6.1 )] . The safety and effectiveness of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) have not been established in pediatric patients less than 8 years of age for the treatment of mild to moderate active Crohn's disease involving the ileum and/or the ascending colon. The safety and effectiveness of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) have not been established in pediatric patients for the maintenance of clinical remission of mild to moderate Crohn's disease. An open-label study to evaluate the safety and tolerability of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) as maintenance treatment in pediatric patients aged 5 to 17 years was conducted, and did not establish the safety and efficacy of maintenance of clinical remission. Systemic corticosteroids, including budesonide capsules (enteric coated), may cause a reduction of growth velocity in pediatric patients. Pediatric patients with Crohn's disease have a 17% higher mean systemic exposure and cortisol suppression than adults with Crohn's disease [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 ) and Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.2 )] . 8.5 Geriatric Use Clinical studies of budesonide capsules (enteric coated) did not include sufficient numbers of patients aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger patients. Of the 651 patients treated with budesonide capsules (enteric coated) in clinical studies, 17 (3%) were greater than or equal to 65 years of age and none were greater than 74 years of age. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy. 8.6 Hepatic Impairment Patients with moderate to severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Class B and C, respectively) could be at an increased risk of hypercorticism and adrenal axis suppression due to an increased systemic exposure to budesonide [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)] . Avoid use in patients with severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Class C). Monitor for increased signs and/or symptoms of hypercorticism and consider dosage reduction in patients with moderate hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Class B) [see Dosage and Administration (2.4)] . No dosage adjustment is needed in patients with mild hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Class A).
How supplied
Information about the available dosage forms to which the labeling applies, and for which the manufacturer or distributor is responsible. This field ordinarily includes the strength of the dosage form (in metric units), the units in which the dosage form is available for prescribing, appropriate information to facilitate identification of the dosage forms (such as shape, color, coating, scoring, and National Drug Code), and special handling and storage condition information.16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING Budesonide Delayed-Release Capsules (Enteric Coated) 3 mg are white to off-white, free flowing pellets, filled in size '1' hard gelatin capsules having opaque light-orange colored cap printed with "720" in black ink and opaque white body and are supplied as follows: Cartons of 20 capsules (10 capsules each blister pack x 2), NDC 0904-7313-10 Store at 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F) [See USP Controlled Room Temperature]. Keep container tightly closed.
Disclaimer: Do not rely on openFDA or Phanrmacy Near Me to make decisions regarding medical care. While we make every effort to ensure that data is accurate, you should assume all results are unvalidated. Source: OpenFDA, Healthporta Drugs API