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| Product NDC Code | 68382-298 | ||||
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| Drug Name | Amiodarone hydrochloride |
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| Type | Generic | ||||
| Pharm Class | Antiarrhythmic [EPC], Cytochrome P450 1A2 Inhibitors [MoA], Cytochrome P450 2C9 Inhibitors [MoA], Cytochrome P450 2D6 Inhibitors [MoA], Cytochrome P450 3A4 Inhibitors [MoA], P-Glycoprotein Inhibitors [MoA] |
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| Active Ingredients |
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| Route | ORAL | ||||
| Dosage Form | TABLET | ||||
| RxCUI drug identifier | 833528, 834348, 835956 |
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| Application Number | ANDA079029 | ||||
| Labeler Name | Zydus Pharmaceuticals USA Inc. | ||||
| Packages |
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Overdosage of amiodarone hydrochloride
Information about signs, symptoms, and laboratory findings of acute ovedosage and the general principles of overdose treatment.10 OVERDOSAGE There have been cases, some fatal, of amiodarone hydrochloride tablets overdose. Monitor the patient's cardiac rhythm and blood pressure, and, if bradycardia ensues, a β-adrenergic agonist or a pacemaker may be used. Treat hypotension with inadequate tissue perfusion with positive inotropic and vasopressor agents. Neither amiodarone hydrochloride tablets nor its metabolite is dialyzable.
Adverse reactions
Information about undesirable effects, reasonably associated with use of the drug, that may occur as part of the pharmacological action of the drug or may be unpredictable in its occurrence. Adverse reactions include those that occur with the drug, and if applicable, with drugs in the same pharmacologically active and chemically related class. There is considerable variation in the listing of adverse reactions. They may be categorized by organ system, by severity of reaction, by frequency, by toxicological mechanism, or by a combination of these.6 ADVERSE REACTIONS The following serious adverse reactions are described in more detail in other sections of the prescribing information: Pulmonary Toxicity [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 )] Hepatic Injury [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.3 )] Worsened Arrhythmia [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.4 )] Visual Impairment and Loss of Vision [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.5 )] Thyroid Abnormalities [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.6 )] Bradycardia [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.7 )] Peripheral Neuropathy [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.10 )] Photosensitivity and Skin Discoloration [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.11 )] The most common reactions (>1%) leading to discontinuation of amiodarone hydrochloride tablets include pulmonary toxicity, paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia, congestive heart failure, and elevation of liver enzymes ( 6 ). To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Zydus Pharmaceuticals (USA) Inc. at 1- 877-993-8779 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. At the usual maintenance dose (400 mg/day) and above, amiodarone hydrochloride tablets causes adverse reactions in about three-fourths of all patients, resulting in discontinuation in 7 to 18%. In surveys of almost 5,000 patients treated in open U.S. studies and in published reports of treatment with amiodarone hydrochloride tablets, the adverse reactions most frequently requiring discontinuation of amiodarone hydrochloride tablets included pulmonary infiltrates or fibrosis, paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia, congestive heart failure, and elevation of liver enzymes. Other symptoms causing discontinuations less often included visual disturbances, photosensitivity, blue skin discoloration, hyperthyroidism, and hypothyroidism. The following side-effect rates are based on a retrospective study of 241 patients treated for 2 to 1,515 days (mean 441.3 days): Thyroid Common: Hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism. Cardiovascular Common: Congestive heart failure, cardiac arrhythmias, SA node dysfunction. Gastrointestinal Very common: Nausea, vomiting. Common: Constipation, anorexia, abdominal pain. Dermatologic Common: Solar dermatitis/photosensitivity. Neurologic Common: Malaise and fatigue, tremor/abnormal involuntary movements, lack of coordination, abnormal gait/ataxia, dizziness, paresthesias, decreased libido, insomnia, headache, sleep disturbances. Ophthalmic Common: Visual disturbances. Hepatic Common: Abnormal liver-function tests, nonspecific hepatic disorders. Respiratory Common: Pulmonary inflammation or fibrosis. Other Common: Flushing, abnormal taste and smell, edema, abnormal salivation, coagulation abnormalities. Uncommon: Blue skin discoloration, rash, spontaneous ecchymosis, alopecia, hypotension, and cardiac conduction abnormalities. 6.2 Postmarketing Experience The following adverse reactions have been identified during post-approval use of amiodarone hydrochloride tablets. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure. Hematologic : hemolytic anemia, aplastic anemia, pancytopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis, granuloma. Immune: anaphylactic/anaphylactoid reaction (including shock), angioedema. Neurologic : pseudotumor cerebri, parkinsonian symptoms such as akinesia and bradykinesia (sometimes reversible with discontinuation of therapy), demyelinating polyneuropathy. Psychiatric : hallucination, confusional state, disorientation, delirium. Cardiac: hypotension (sometimes fatal), sinus arrest. Respiratory: eosinophilic pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome in the post-operative setting, bronchospasm, bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia, pulmonary alveolar hemorrhage, pleural effusion, pleuritis. Gastrointestinal: pancreatitis, acute pancreatitis. Hepatic: hepatitis, cholestatic hepatitis, cirrhosis. Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders : urticaria, toxic epidermal necrolysis (sometimes fatal), erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, exfoliative dermatitis, bullous dermatitis, drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), eczema, pruritus, skin cancer, lupus-like syndrome. Musculoskeletal: myopathy, muscle weakness, rhabdomyolysis. Renal : renal impairment, renal insufficiency, acute renal failure. Reproductive: epididymitis, impotence. Body as a whole: fever, dry mouth. Endocrine and metabolic: thyroid nodules/ thyroid cancer, syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). Vascular: vasculitis.
amiodarone hydrochloride Drug Interactions
Information about and practical guidance on preventing clinically significant drug/drug and drug/food interactions that may occur in people taking the drug.7 DRUG INTERACTIONS Because of amiodarone's long half-life, expect drug interactions to persist for weeks to months after discontinuation of amiodarone. Drug interactions with amiodarone are described in Table 1 below. Table 1 Amiodarone Drug Interactions Concomitant Drug Class/Name Examples Clinical Comment Pharmacodynamic Interactions QT Prolonging Drugs class I and III antiarrhythmics, lithium, certain phenothiazines, tricyclic antidepressants, certain fluoroquinolone and macrolide antibiotics, azole antifungals, halogenated inhalation anesthetic agents Increased risk of Torsade de Pointes. Avoid concomitant use. Negative Chronotropes digoxin, beta blockers, verapamil, diltiazem, clonidine, ivabradine Potentiates the electrophysiologic and hemodynamic effects of amiodarone, resulting in bradycardia, sinus arrest, and AV block. Monitor heart rate. Pharmacokinetic Interactions CYP450 Inhibitors grapefruit juice, certain fluoroquinolone and macrolide antibiotics, azole antifungals, cimetidine, certain protease inhibitors Increased exposure of amiodarone. Avoid concomitant use. CYP450 Inducers St. John's Wort Reduced amiodarone serum levels. Cyclosporine Increased plasma levels of cyclosporine have been reported resulting in elevated creatinine, despite reduction of cyclosporine dose. Monitor cyclosporine drug levels and renal function with concomitant use. Cholestyramine Reduced amiodarone serum levels. Antiarrhythmics quinidine, procainamide, flecainide Reserve concomitant use for patients who are unresponsive to a single agent. Antiarrhythmic metabolism inhibited by amiodarone. Initiate antiarrhythmic at a lower than usual dose and monitor patient carefully. Reduce dose levels of previously administered antiarrhythmic by 30 to 50% for several days after transitioning to oral amiodarone. Evaluate continued need for antiarrhythmic. Digoxin Increased digoxin concentration. Reduce digoxin by half or discontinue. If continued, monitor for evidence of toxicity. HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors simvastatin, lovastatin, atorvastatin Increased plasma concentration of HMGCoA reductase inhibitor. Limit the dose of lovastatin to 40 mg. Limit the coadministered dose of simvastatin to 20 mg. Lower starting dose of other CYP3A4 substrates may be required. Warfarin Potentiates anticoagulant response and can result in serious or fatal bleeding. Coadministration increases prothrombin time by 100% after 3 to 4 days. Reduce warfarin dose by one-third to one-half and monitor prothrombin times. Phenytoin Increased steady-state levels of phenytoin. Monitor phenytoin levels. Hepatitis C Direct Acting Antiviral sofosbuvir Cases of symptomatic bradyarrhythmia requiring pacemaker insertion have been reported in patients on oral maintenance amiodarone who initiated therapy with sofosbuvir. CYP3A Substrate lidocaine Sinus bradycardia has been reported with oral amiodarone in combination with lidocaine given for local anesthesia. Monitor heart rate. A lower starting dose of lidocaine may be required. CYP3A Substrate fentanyl Fentanyl in combination with amiodarone may cause hypotension, bradycardia, and decreased cardiac output. Avoid coadministration of amiodarone with other antiarrhythmics and drugs known to prolong the QT interval ( 7 ). Amiodarone is a substrate for CYP3A and CYP2C8, so inhibitors and inducers affect amiodarone exposure ( 7 ). Amiodarone inhibits P-glycoprotein and CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, and CYP3A, increasing exposure to other drugs ( 7 ).
| QT Prolonging Drugs | class I and III antiarrhythmics, lithium, certain phenothiazines, tricyclic antidepressants, certain fluoroquinolone and macrolide antibiotics, azole antifungals, halogenated inhalation anesthetic agents | Increased risk of Torsade de Pointes. Avoid concomitant use. |
| Negative Chronotropes | digoxin, beta blockers, verapamil, diltiazem, clonidine, ivabradine | Potentiates the electrophysiologic and hemodynamic effects of amiodarone, resulting in bradycardia, sinus arrest, and AV block. Monitor heart rate. |
| CYP450 Inhibitors | grapefruit juice, certain fluoroquinolone and macrolide antibiotics, azole antifungals, cimetidine, certain protease inhibitors | Increased exposure of amiodarone. Avoid concomitant use. |
| CYP450 Inducers | St. John's Wort | Reduced amiodarone serum levels. |
| Cyclosporine | Increased plasma levels of cyclosporine have been reported resulting in elevated creatinine, despite reduction of cyclosporine dose. Monitor cyclosporine drug levels and renal function with concomitant use. | |
| Cholestyramine | Reduced amiodarone serum levels. | |
| Antiarrhythmics | quinidine, procainamide, flecainide | Reserve concomitant use for patients who are unresponsive to a single agent. Antiarrhythmic metabolism inhibited by amiodarone. Initiate antiarrhythmic at a lower than usual dose and monitor patient carefully. Reduce dose levels of previously administered antiarrhythmic by 30 to 50% for several days after transitioning to oral amiodarone. Evaluate continued need for antiarrhythmic. |
| Digoxin | Increased digoxin concentration. Reduce digoxin by half or discontinue. If continued, monitor for evidence of toxicity. | |
| HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors | simvastatin, lovastatin, atorvastatin | Increased plasma concentration of HMGCoA reductase inhibitor. Limit the dose of lovastatin to 40 mg. Limit the coadministered dose of simvastatin to 20 mg. Lower starting dose of other CYP3A4 substrates may be required. |
| Warfarin | Potentiates anticoagulant response and can result in serious or fatal bleeding. Coadministration increases prothrombin time by 100% after 3 to 4 days. Reduce warfarin dose by one-third to one-half and monitor prothrombin times. | |
| Phenytoin | Increased steady-state levels of phenytoin. Monitor phenytoin levels. | |
| Hepatitis C Direct Acting Antiviral | sofosbuvir | Cases of symptomatic bradyarrhythmia requiring pacemaker insertion have been reported in patients on oral maintenance amiodarone who initiated therapy with sofosbuvir. |
| CYP3A Substrate | lidocaine | Sinus bradycardia has been reported with oral amiodarone in combination with lidocaine given for local anesthesia. Monitor heart rate. A lower starting dose of lidocaine may be required. |
| CYP3A Substrate | fentanyl | Fentanyl in combination with amiodarone may cause hypotension, bradycardia, and decreased cardiac output. |
Clinical pharmacology
Information about the clinical pharmacology and actions of the drug in humans.12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY 12.1 Mechanism of Action Amiodarone is considered a class III antiarrhythmic drug, but it possesses electrophysiologic characteristics of all four Vaughan Williams classes. Like class I drugs, amiodarone blocks sodium channels at rapid pacing frequencies, and like class II drugs, amiodarone exerts a noncompetitive antisympathetic action. One of its main effects, with prolonged administration, is to lengthen the cardiac action potential, a class III effect. The negative chronotropic effect of amiodarone in nodal tissues is similar to the effect of class IV drugs. In addition to blocking sodium channels, amiodarone blocks myocardial potassium channels, which contributes to slowing of conduction and prolongation of refractoriness. The antisympathetic action and the block of calcium and potassium channels are responsible for the negative dromotropic effects on the sinus node and for the slowing of conduction and prolongation of refractoriness in the atrioventricular (AV) node. Its vasodilatory action can decrease cardiac workload and consequently myocardial oxygen consumption. Amiodarone hydrochloride tablet prolongs the duration of the action potential of all cardiac fibers while causing minimal reduction of dV/dt (maximal upstroke velocity of the action potential). The refractory period is prolonged in all cardiac tissues. Amiodarone hydrochloride tablet increases the cardiac refractory period without influencing resting membrane potential, except in automatic cells where the slope of the prepotential is reduced, generally reducing automaticity. These electrophysiologic effects are reflected in a decreased sinus rate of 15 to 20%, increased PR and QT intervals of about 10%, the development of U-waves, and changes in T-wave contour. These changes should not require discontinuation of amiodarone hydrochloride tablets as they are evidence of its pharmacological action, although amiodarone hydrochloride tablets can cause marked sinus bradycardia or sinus arrest and heart block [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.4 )] . Hemodynamics In animal studies and after intravenous administration in man, amiodarone hydrochloride tablet relaxes vascular smooth muscle, reduces peripheral vascular resistance (afterload), and slightly increases cardiac index. After oral dosing, however, amiodarone hydrochloride tablet produces no significant change in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), even in patients with depressed LVEF. After acute intravenous dosing in man, amiodarone hydrochloride tablets may have a mild negative inotropic effect. 12.2 Pharmacodynamics There is no well-established relationship between plasma concentration and effectiveness, but it does appear that concentrations much below 1 mg/L are often ineffective and that levels above 2.5 mg/L are generally not needed. Plasma-concentration measurements can be used to identify patients whose levels are unusually low, and who might benefit from a dose increase, or unusually high, and who might have dosage reduction in the hope of minimizing side effects. Effects on abnormal rhythms are not seen before 2 to 3 days and usually require 1 to 3 weeks, even when a loading dose is used. There may be a continued increase in effect for longer periods still. There is evidence that the time to effect is shorter when a loading-dose regimen is used. Consistent with the slow rate of elimination, antiarrhythmic effects persist for weeks or months after amiodarone hydrochloride tablets is discontinued, but the time of recurrence is variable and unpredictable. In general, when the drug is resumed after recurrence of the arrhythmia, control is established relatively rapidly compared to the initial response, presumably because tissue stores were not wholly depleted. 12.3 Pharmacokinetics Absorption Following oral administration in humans, amiodarone hydrochloride tablet is slowly and variably absorbed. The bioavailability of amiodarone hydrochloride tablet is approximately 50%. Maximum plasma concentrations are attained 3 to 7 hours after a single dose. Plasma concentrations with chronic dosing at 100 to 600 mg/day are approximately dose proportional, with a mean 0.5 mg/L increase for each 100 mg/day. These means, however, include considerable individual variability. Food increases the rate and extent of absorption of amiodarone hydrochloride tablets. The effects of food upon the bioavailability of amiodarone hydrochloride tablets have been studied in 30 healthy subjects who received a single 600-mg dose immediately after consuming a high-fat meal and following an overnight fast. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) and the peak plasma concentration (C max ) of amiodarone increased by 2.3 (range 1.7 to 3.6) and 3.8 (range 2.7 to 4.4) times, respectively, in the presence of food. Food also increased the rate of absorption of amiodarone, decreasing the time to peak plasma concentration (T max ) by 37%. The mean AUC and mean C max of the major metabolite of amiodarone, DEA increased by 55% (range 58 to 101%) and 32% (range 4 to 84%), respectively, but there was no change in the T max in the presence of food. Distribution Amiodarone hydrochloride tablet is highly protein-bound (approximately 96%). Amiodarone hydrochloride tablets has a very large but variable volume of distribution, averaging about 60 L/kg, because of extensive accumulation in various sites, especially adipose tissue and highly perfused organs, such as the liver, lung, and spleen. One major metabolite of amiodarone hydrochloride tablets, DEA, have been identified in man; it accumulates to an even greater extent in almost all tissues. No data are available on the activity of DEA in humans, but in animals, it has significant electrophysiologic and antiarrhythmic effects generally similar to amiodarone itself. DEA's precise role and contribution to the antiarrhythmic activity of oral amiodarone are not certain. The development of maximal ventricular class III effects after oral amiodarone hydrochloride tablets administration in humans correlates more closely with DEA accumulation over time than with amiodarone accumulation. Elimination Following single dose administration in 12 healthy subjects, amiodarone hydrochloride tablets exhibited multi-compartmental pharmacokinetics with a mean apparent plasma terminal elimination half-life of 58 days (range 15 to 142 days) for amiodarone and 36 days (range 14 to 75 days) for the active metabolite (DEA). In patients, following discontinuation of chronic oral therapy, amiodarone hydrochloride tablets have been shown to have a biphasic elimination with an initial 50% reduction of plasma levels after 2.5 to 10 days. A much slower terminal plasma-elimination phase shows a half-life of the parent compound ranging from 26 to 107 days, with a mean of approximately 53 days and most patients in the 40- to 55-day range. In the absence of a loading-dose period, steady-state plasma concentrations, at constant oral dosing, would therefore be reached between 130 and 535 days, with an average of 265 days. For the metabolite, the mean plasma-elimination half-life was approximately 61 days. These data probably reflect an initial elimination of drug from well-perfused tissue (the 2.5- to 10-day half-life phase), followed by a terminal phase representing extremely slow elimination from poorly perfused tissue compartments such as fat. The considerable inter-subject variation in both phases of elimination, as well as uncertainty as to what compartment is critical to drug effect, requires attention to individual responses once arrhythmia control is achieved with loading doses because the correct maintenance dose is determined, in part, by the elimination rates. Individualize maintenance doses of amiodarone hydrochloride tablets [see Dosage and Administration ( 2 )] . Metabolism Amiodarone is metabolized to DEA by the cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme group, specifically CYP3A and CYP2C8. The CYP3A isoenzyme is present in both the liver and intestines. In vitro, amiodarone and DEA exhibit a potential to inhibit CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP3A, CYP2A6, CYP2B6 and CYP2C8. Amiodarone and DEA have also a potential to inhibit some transporters such as P-glycoprotein and organic cation transporter (OCT2). Excretion Amiodarone is eliminated primarily by hepatic metabolism and biliary excretion and there is negligible excretion of amiodarone or DEA in urine. Neither amiodarone nor DEA is dialyzable. Specific Populations Effect of Age: Normal subjects over 65 years of age show lower clearances (about 100 mL/hr/kg) than younger subjects (about 150 mL/hr/kg) and an increase in t ½ from about 20 to 47 days. Renal Impairment: Renal impairment does not influence the pharmacokinetics of amiodarone or DEA. Hepatic Impairment: After a single dose of intravenous amiodarone to cirrhotic patients, significantly lower C max and average concentration values are seen for DEA, but mean amiodarone levels are unchanged. Cardiac Disease: In patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction, the pharmacokinetics of amiodarone are not significantly altered but the terminal elimination t ½ of DEA is prolonged. Although no dosage adjustment for patients with renal, hepatic, or cardiac abnormalities has been defined during chronic treatment with oral amiodarone, close clinical monitoring is prudent for elderly patients and those with severe left ventricular dysfunction. Drug Interactions: Effects of other agents on amiodarone Grapefruit juice: Grapefruit juice given to healthy volunteers increased amiodarone AUC by 50% and C max by 84%, and decreased DEA to unquantifiable concentrations. Cimetidine inhibits CYP3A and can increase serum amiodarone levels. Cholestyramine reduces enterohepatic circulation of amiodarone thereby increasing its elimination. This results in reduced amiodarone serum levels and half-life. Effects of amiodarone on agents: CYP3A substrates Amiodarone taken concomitantly with quinidine increases the quinidine serum concentration by 33% after two days. Amiodarone taken concomitantly with procainamide for less than seven days increases plasma concentrations of procainamide and n-acetyl procainamide by 55% and 33%, respectively. Loratadine , a non-sedating antihistaminic, is metabolized primarily by CYP3A and its metabolism can be inhibited by amiodarone. Metabolism of lidocaine can be inhibited by amiodarone. Cyclophosphamide is a prodrug, metabolized by CYP450 including CYP3A to an active metabolite. The metabolism of cyclophosphamide may be inhibited by amiodarone. Clopidogrel , an inactive thienopyridine prodrug, is metabolized in the liver by CYP3A to an active metabolite. A potential interaction between clopidogrel and amiodarone resulting in ineffective inhibition of platelet aggregation has been reported. Macrolide/ketolide antibiotics: Amiodarone can inhibit the metabolism of macrolide/ketolide antibiotics (except for azithromycin) and systemic azole antifungal drugs. P-glycoprotein substrates : Amiodarone taken concomitantly with digoxin increases the serum digoxin concentration by 70% after one day. Dabigatran etexilate when taken concomitantly with oral amiodarone can result in elevated serum concentration of dabigatran. Dextromethorphan is a substrate for both CYP2D6 and CYP3A. Amiodarone inhibits CYP2D6. Chronic (> 2 weeks) oral amiodarone administration impairs metabolism of dextromethorphan can lead to increased serum concentrations.
Mechanism of action
Information about the established mechanism(s) of the drugÕs action in humans at various levels (for example receptor, membrane, tissue, organ, whole body). If the mechanism of action is not known, this field contains a statement about the lack of information.12.1 Mechanism of Action Amiodarone is considered a class III antiarrhythmic drug, but it possesses electrophysiologic characteristics of all four Vaughan Williams classes. Like class I drugs, amiodarone blocks sodium channels at rapid pacing frequencies, and like class II drugs, amiodarone exerts a noncompetitive antisympathetic action. One of its main effects, with prolonged administration, is to lengthen the cardiac action potential, a class III effect. The negative chronotropic effect of amiodarone in nodal tissues is similar to the effect of class IV drugs. In addition to blocking sodium channels, amiodarone blocks myocardial potassium channels, which contributes to slowing of conduction and prolongation of refractoriness. The antisympathetic action and the block of calcium and potassium channels are responsible for the negative dromotropic effects on the sinus node and for the slowing of conduction and prolongation of refractoriness in the atrioventricular (AV) node. Its vasodilatory action can decrease cardiac workload and consequently myocardial oxygen consumption. Amiodarone hydrochloride tablet prolongs the duration of the action potential of all cardiac fibers while causing minimal reduction of dV/dt (maximal upstroke velocity of the action potential). The refractory period is prolonged in all cardiac tissues. Amiodarone hydrochloride tablet increases the cardiac refractory period without influencing resting membrane potential, except in automatic cells where the slope of the prepotential is reduced, generally reducing automaticity. These electrophysiologic effects are reflected in a decreased sinus rate of 15 to 20%, increased PR and QT intervals of about 10%, the development of U-waves, and changes in T-wave contour. These changes should not require discontinuation of amiodarone hydrochloride tablets as they are evidence of its pharmacological action, although amiodarone hydrochloride tablets can cause marked sinus bradycardia or sinus arrest and heart block [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.4 )] . Hemodynamics In animal studies and after intravenous administration in man, amiodarone hydrochloride tablet relaxes vascular smooth muscle, reduces peripheral vascular resistance (afterload), and slightly increases cardiac index. After oral dosing, however, amiodarone hydrochloride tablet produces no significant change in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), even in patients with depressed LVEF. After acute intravenous dosing in man, amiodarone hydrochloride tablets may have a mild negative inotropic effect.
Pharmacodynamics
Information about any biochemical or physiologic pharmacologic effects of the drug or active metabolites related to the drugÕs clinical effect in preventing, diagnosing, mitigating, curing, or treating disease, or those related to adverse effects or toxicity.12.2 Pharmacodynamics There is no well-established relationship between plasma concentration and effectiveness, but it does appear that concentrations much below 1 mg/L are often ineffective and that levels above 2.5 mg/L are generally not needed. Plasma-concentration measurements can be used to identify patients whose levels are unusually low, and who might benefit from a dose increase, or unusually high, and who might have dosage reduction in the hope of minimizing side effects. Effects on abnormal rhythms are not seen before 2 to 3 days and usually require 1 to 3 weeks, even when a loading dose is used. There may be a continued increase in effect for longer periods still. There is evidence that the time to effect is shorter when a loading-dose regimen is used. Consistent with the slow rate of elimination, antiarrhythmic effects persist for weeks or months after amiodarone hydrochloride tablets is discontinued, but the time of recurrence is variable and unpredictable. In general, when the drug is resumed after recurrence of the arrhythmia, control is established relatively rapidly compared to the initial response, presumably because tissue stores were not wholly depleted.
Pharmacokinetics
Information about the clinically significant pharmacokinetics of a drug or active metabolites, for instance pertinent absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion parameters.12.3 Pharmacokinetics Absorption Following oral administration in humans, amiodarone hydrochloride tablet is slowly and variably absorbed. The bioavailability of amiodarone hydrochloride tablet is approximately 50%. Maximum plasma concentrations are attained 3 to 7 hours after a single dose. Plasma concentrations with chronic dosing at 100 to 600 mg/day are approximately dose proportional, with a mean 0.5 mg/L increase for each 100 mg/day. These means, however, include considerable individual variability. Food increases the rate and extent of absorption of amiodarone hydrochloride tablets. The effects of food upon the bioavailability of amiodarone hydrochloride tablets have been studied in 30 healthy subjects who received a single 600-mg dose immediately after consuming a high-fat meal and following an overnight fast. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) and the peak plasma concentration (C max ) of amiodarone increased by 2.3 (range 1.7 to 3.6) and 3.8 (range 2.7 to 4.4) times, respectively, in the presence of food. Food also increased the rate of absorption of amiodarone, decreasing the time to peak plasma concentration (T max ) by 37%. The mean AUC and mean C max of the major metabolite of amiodarone, DEA increased by 55% (range 58 to 101%) and 32% (range 4 to 84%), respectively, but there was no change in the T max in the presence of food. Distribution Amiodarone hydrochloride tablet is highly protein-bound (approximately 96%). Amiodarone hydrochloride tablets has a very large but variable volume of distribution, averaging about 60 L/kg, because of extensive accumulation in various sites, especially adipose tissue and highly perfused organs, such as the liver, lung, and spleen. One major metabolite of amiodarone hydrochloride tablets, DEA, have been identified in man; it accumulates to an even greater extent in almost all tissues. No data are available on the activity of DEA in humans, but in animals, it has significant electrophysiologic and antiarrhythmic effects generally similar to amiodarone itself. DEA's precise role and contribution to the antiarrhythmic activity of oral amiodarone are not certain. The development of maximal ventricular class III effects after oral amiodarone hydrochloride tablets administration in humans correlates more closely with DEA accumulation over time than with amiodarone accumulation. Elimination Following single dose administration in 12 healthy subjects, amiodarone hydrochloride tablets exhibited multi-compartmental pharmacokinetics with a mean apparent plasma terminal elimination half-life of 58 days (range 15 to 142 days) for amiodarone and 36 days (range 14 to 75 days) for the active metabolite (DEA). In patients, following discontinuation of chronic oral therapy, amiodarone hydrochloride tablets have been shown to have a biphasic elimination with an initial 50% reduction of plasma levels after 2.5 to 10 days. A much slower terminal plasma-elimination phase shows a half-life of the parent compound ranging from 26 to 107 days, with a mean of approximately 53 days and most patients in the 40- to 55-day range. In the absence of a loading-dose period, steady-state plasma concentrations, at constant oral dosing, would therefore be reached between 130 and 535 days, with an average of 265 days. For the metabolite, the mean plasma-elimination half-life was approximately 61 days. These data probably reflect an initial elimination of drug from well-perfused tissue (the 2.5- to 10-day half-life phase), followed by a terminal phase representing extremely slow elimination from poorly perfused tissue compartments such as fat. The considerable inter-subject variation in both phases of elimination, as well as uncertainty as to what compartment is critical to drug effect, requires attention to individual responses once arrhythmia control is achieved with loading doses because the correct maintenance dose is determined, in part, by the elimination rates. Individualize maintenance doses of amiodarone hydrochloride tablets [see Dosage and Administration ( 2 )] . Metabolism Amiodarone is metabolized to DEA by the cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme group, specifically CYP3A and CYP2C8. The CYP3A isoenzyme is present in both the liver and intestines. In vitro, amiodarone and DEA exhibit a potential to inhibit CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP3A, CYP2A6, CYP2B6 and CYP2C8. Amiodarone and DEA have also a potential to inhibit some transporters such as P-glycoprotein and organic cation transporter (OCT2). Excretion Amiodarone is eliminated primarily by hepatic metabolism and biliary excretion and there is negligible excretion of amiodarone or DEA in urine. Neither amiodarone nor DEA is dialyzable. Specific Populations Effect of Age: Normal subjects over 65 years of age show lower clearances (about 100 mL/hr/kg) than younger subjects (about 150 mL/hr/kg) and an increase in t ½ from about 20 to 47 days. Renal Impairment: Renal impairment does not influence the pharmacokinetics of amiodarone or DEA. Hepatic Impairment: After a single dose of intravenous amiodarone to cirrhotic patients, significantly lower C max and average concentration values are seen for DEA, but mean amiodarone levels are unchanged. Cardiac Disease: In patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction, the pharmacokinetics of amiodarone are not significantly altered but the terminal elimination t ½ of DEA is prolonged. Although no dosage adjustment for patients with renal, hepatic, or cardiac abnormalities has been defined during chronic treatment with oral amiodarone, close clinical monitoring is prudent for elderly patients and those with severe left ventricular dysfunction. Drug Interactions: Effects of other agents on amiodarone Grapefruit juice: Grapefruit juice given to healthy volunteers increased amiodarone AUC by 50% and C max by 84%, and decreased DEA to unquantifiable concentrations. Cimetidine inhibits CYP3A and can increase serum amiodarone levels. Cholestyramine reduces enterohepatic circulation of amiodarone thereby increasing its elimination. This results in reduced amiodarone serum levels and half-life. Effects of amiodarone on agents: CYP3A substrates Amiodarone taken concomitantly with quinidine increases the quinidine serum concentration by 33% after two days. Amiodarone taken concomitantly with procainamide for less than seven days increases plasma concentrations of procainamide and n-acetyl procainamide by 55% and 33%, respectively. Loratadine , a non-sedating antihistaminic, is metabolized primarily by CYP3A and its metabolism can be inhibited by amiodarone. Metabolism of lidocaine can be inhibited by amiodarone. Cyclophosphamide is a prodrug, metabolized by CYP450 including CYP3A to an active metabolite. The metabolism of cyclophosphamide may be inhibited by amiodarone. Clopidogrel , an inactive thienopyridine prodrug, is metabolized in the liver by CYP3A to an active metabolite. A potential interaction between clopidogrel and amiodarone resulting in ineffective inhibition of platelet aggregation has been reported. Macrolide/ketolide antibiotics: Amiodarone can inhibit the metabolism of macrolide/ketolide antibiotics (except for azithromycin) and systemic azole antifungal drugs. P-glycoprotein substrates : Amiodarone taken concomitantly with digoxin increases the serum digoxin concentration by 70% after one day. Dabigatran etexilate when taken concomitantly with oral amiodarone can result in elevated serum concentration of dabigatran. Dextromethorphan is a substrate for both CYP2D6 and CYP3A. Amiodarone inhibits CYP2D6. Chronic (> 2 weeks) oral amiodarone administration impairs metabolism of dextromethorphan can lead to increased serum concentrations.
Contraindications
Information about situations in which the drug product is contraindicated or should not be used because the risk of use clearly outweighs any possible benefit, including the type and nature of reactions that have been reported.4 CONTRAINDICATIONS Cardiogenic shock. Sick sinus syndrome, second- or third-degree atrioventricular block, bradycardia leading to syncope without a functioning pacemaker. Known hypersensitivity to the drug or to any of its components, including iodine. Amiodarone hydrochloride tablet is contraindicated in patients with ( 4 ): Cardiogenic shock. Sick sinus syndrome, second- or third-degree AV block, bradycardia leading to syncope without a functioning pacemaker. Known hypersensitivity to the drug or any of its components.
Description
General information about the drug product, including the proprietary and established name of the drug, the type of dosage form and route of administration to which the label applies, qualitative and quantitative ingredient information, the pharmacologic or therapeutic class of the drug, and the chemical name and structural formula of the drug.11 DESCRIPTION Amiodarone hydrochloride is an antiarrhythmic drug. Amiodarone is a benzofuran derivative: 2-butyl-3-benzofuranyl 4-[2-(diethylamino)-ethoxy]-3,5-diiodophenyl ketone hydrochloride. The structural formula is as follows: Amiodarone hydrochloride, USP is a white or almost white, fine crystalline powder. It is very slightly soluble in water, freely soluble in methylene chloride, soluble in methanol; sparingly soluble in alcohol. It contains 37.3% iodine by weight. Each amiodarone hydrochloride tablets, USP intended for oral administration contains 100 mg, 200 mg and 400 mg of amiodarone hydrochloride. In addition each tablet contains the following inactive ingredients: colloidal silicon dioxide, corn starch, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, povidone and sodium starch glycolate. Additionally, each 400 mg tablet contains D&C yellow #10 Aluminum Lake, iron oxide red and iron oxide yellow. image
Dosage and administration
Information about the drug product’s dosage and administration recommendations, including starting dose, dose range, titration regimens, and any other clinically sigificant information that affects dosing recommendations.2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION Dosage must be individualized based on severity of arrhythmia and response. Use the lowest effective dose. Obtain baseline chest x-ray, pulmonary function tests, thyroid function tests, and liver aminotransferases. Correct hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, and hypocalcemia before initiating treatment. Recommended Dosage Initiate treatment with a loading doses of 800 to 1,600 mg/day until initial therapeutic response occurs (usually 1 to 3 weeks). Once adequate arrhythmia control is achieved, or if side effects become prominent, reduce amiodarone hydrochloride tablets dose to 600 to 800 mg/day for one month and then to the maintenance dose, usually 400 mg/day. Administration Administer amiodarone hydrochloride tablets consistently with regard to meals [see Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.3 )] . Administration of amiodarone hydrochloride tablets in divided doses with meals is suggested for total daily doses of 1,000 mg or higher, or when gastrointestinal intolerance occurs. Initiate treatment with a loading doses of 800 to 1600 mg/day until initial therapeutic response occurs (usually 1 to 3 weeks). Once adequate arrhythmia control is achieved, or if side effects become prominent, reduce amiodarone hydrochloride tablet dose to 600 to 800 mg/day for one month and then to the maintenance dose, usually 400 mg/day ( 2 ).
Dosage forms and strengths
Information about all available dosage forms and strengths for the drug product to which the labeling applies. This field may contain descriptions of product appearance.3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS Amiodarone Hydrochloride Tablets USP, 100 mg are white to off-white, round-shaped, flat faced, bevel-edged, uncoated tablets debossed with '297' on one side and plain on other side. Amiodarone Hydrochloride Tablets USP, 200 mg are white to off-white, round-shaped, flat beveled-edge, uncoated tablets with bisect on one side and other side is plain; one side of bisect is debossed with 'ZE' and other side is debossed with '65' meant for oral administration. Amiodarone Hydrochloride Tablets USP, 400 mg are pale yellow to yellow, round-shaped, flat faced, bevel-edged, uncoated tablets debossed with '2' and '98' on either side of score line on one side and plain on other side. Tablets, 100 mg, 200 mg and 400 mg ( 3 ).
Indications and usage
A statement of each of the drug products indications for use, such as for the treatment, prevention, mitigation, cure, or diagnosis of a disease or condition, or of a manifestation of a recognized disease or condition, or for the relief of symptoms associated with a recognized disease or condition. This field may also describe any relevant limitations of use.1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Amiodarone hydrochloride tablets are indicated for the treatment of documented, life-threatening recurrent ventricular fibrillation and life-threatening recurrent hemodynamically unstable tachycardia in adults who have not responded to adequate doses of other available antiarrhythmics or when alternative agents cannot be tolerated. Amiodarone hydrochloride tablet is an antiarrhythmic indicated for: Recurrent ventricular fibrillation ( 1 ). Recurrent hemodynamically unstable ventricular tachycardia ( 1 ).
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Usually a list of ingredients in a drug product.amiodarone hydrochloride amiodarone hydrochloride AMIODARONE HYDROCHLORIDE AMIODARONE LACTOSE MONOHYDRATE MAGNESIUM STEARATE POVIDONE K30 SILICON DIOXIDE SODIUM STARCH GLYCOLATE TYPE A POTATO STARCH, CORN off-white 297 amiodarone hydrochloride amiodarone hydrochloride AMIODARONE HYDROCHLORIDE AMIODARONE LACTOSE MONOHYDRATE MAGNESIUM STEARATE POVIDONE K30 SILICON DIOXIDE SODIUM STARCH GLYCOLATE TYPE A POTATO STARCH, CORN off-white ZE;65 amiodarone hydrochloride amiodarone hydrochloride AMIODARONE HYDROCHLORIDE AMIODARONE ALUMINUM OXIDE D&C YELLOW NO. 10 FERRIC OXIDE RED FERRIC OXIDE YELLOW LACTOSE MONOHYDRATE MAGNESIUM STEARATE POVIDONE K30 SILICON DIOXIDE SODIUM STARCH GLYCOLATE TYPE A POTATO STARCH, CORN pale yellow to yellow 2;98
Carcinogenesis and mutagenesis and impairment of fertility
Information about carcinogenic, mutagenic, or fertility impairment potential revealed by studies in animals. Information from human data about such potential is part of the warnings field.13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility Amiodarone HCl was associated with a statistically significant, dose-related increase in the incidence of thyroid tumors (follicular adenoma and/or carcinoma) in rats. The incidence of thyroid tumors was greater than control at the lowest dose level tested, i.e., 5 mg/kg/day (approximately 0.08 times the maximum recommended human maintenance dose*). Mutagenicity studies (Ames, micronucleus, and lysogenic tests) with amiodarone hydrochloride tablets were negative. In a study in which amiodarone HCl was administered to male and female rats, beginning 9 weeks prior to mating, reduced fertility was observed at a dose level of 90 mg/kg/day (approximately 1.4 times the maximum recommended human maintenance dose*). *600 mg in a 60 kg patient (dose compared on a body surface area basis)
Nonclinical toxicology
Information about toxicology in non-human subjects.13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY 13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility Amiodarone HCl was associated with a statistically significant, dose-related increase in the incidence of thyroid tumors (follicular adenoma and/or carcinoma) in rats. The incidence of thyroid tumors was greater than control at the lowest dose level tested, i.e., 5 mg/kg/day (approximately 0.08 times the maximum recommended human maintenance dose*). Mutagenicity studies (Ames, micronucleus, and lysogenic tests) with amiodarone hydrochloride tablets were negative. In a study in which amiodarone HCl was administered to male and female rats, beginning 9 weeks prior to mating, reduced fertility was observed at a dose level of 90 mg/kg/day (approximately 1.4 times the maximum recommended human maintenance dose*). *600 mg in a 60 kg patient (dose compared on a body surface area basis)
Package label principal display panel
The content of the principal display panel of the product package, usually including the product’s name, dosage forms, and other key information about the drug product.PACKAGE LABEL.PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL NDC 68382-297-06 Amiodarone Hydrochloride Tablets USP, 100 mg 30 Tablets Zydus Rx only NDC 68382-227-14 Amiodarone Hydrochloride Tablets USP, 200 mg 60 Tablets Zydus Rx only NDC 68382-298-06 Amiodarone Hydrochloride Tablets USP, 400 mg 30 Tablets Zydus Rx only 100 mg label 200 mg 400 mg
Spl unclassified section
Information not classified as belonging to one of the other fields. Approximately 40% of labeling with effective_time between June 2009 and August 2014 have information in this field.Manufactured by: Zydus Lifesciences Ltd. India Distributed by: Zydus Pharmaceuticals (USA) Inc. Pennington, NJ 08534 Rev.: 12/22
Manufactured by: Zydus Lifesciences Ltd. India Distributed by: Zydus Pharmaceuticals (USA) Inc. Pennington, NJ 08534 Rev.: 12/22
amiodarone hydrochloride: Information for patients
Information necessary for patients to use the drug safely and effectively, such as precautions concerning driving or the concomitant use of other substances that may have harmful additive effects.17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION Advise the patient to read the FDA-approved patient labeling (Medication Guide). Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus. Advise females of reproductive potential to inform their prescriber of a known or suspected pregnancy [see Use in Specific Populations ( 8.1 )]. Advise women that breastfeeding is not recommended during treatment with amiodarone hydrochloride tablets [see Use in Specific Populations ( 8.2 )]. Advise patients to avoid grapefruit juice and St. John's Wort. Advise patients to seek medical attention if they experience the signs and symptoms of pulmonary toxicity, worsening arrhythmia, bradycardia, visual impairment, or hypo- and hyperthyroidism. Medication Guide available at www.zydususa.com/medguides or call 1-877-993-8779.
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Information about the patient medication guide that accompanies the drug product. Certain drugs must be dispensed with an accompanying medication guide. This field may contain information about when to consult the medication guide and the contents of the medication guide.MEDICATION GUIDE Amiodarone Hydrochloride (a" mee oh' da rone hye" droe klor' ide) Tablets, USP What is the most important information I should know about amiodarone hydrochloride tablets? Amiodarone hydrochloride tablets can cause serious side effects that can lead to death, including: lung problems liver problems worsening of heartbeat problems Call your healthcare provider or get medical help right away if you have any of the following symptoms during treatment with amiodarone hydrochloride tablets: trouble breathing, wheezing, shortness of breath, coughing chest pain, spitting up of blood, or fever nausea or vomiting, brown or dark-colored urine, feel more tired than usual, yellowing of your skin or the whites of your eyes (jaundice), or right upper stomach-area pain heart pounding, skipping a beat, beating fast or slowly, feel light-headed, or if you faint vision problems, including blurred vision, see halos, or your eyes become sensitive to light. You should have regular eye exams before and during treatment with amiodarone hydrochloride tablets. Amiodarone hydrochloride tablets should be started in a hospital so that your medical condition can be carefully monitored. Amiodarone hydrochloride tablets should only be used to treat people who have been diagnosed with life-threatening heartbeat problems called ventricular arrhythmias, when other treatments did not work or you cannot tolerate them. Amiodarone hydrochloride tablets can cause other serious side effects. See "What are the possible side effects of amiodarone hydrochloride tablets?" If you get serious side effects during treatment you may need to stop amiodarone hydrochloride tablets, have your dose changed, or get medical treatment. Talk with your healthcare provider before you stop taking amiodarone hydrochloride tablets. You may still have side effects after stopping amiodarone hydrochloride tablets because the medicine stays in your body for months after treatment is stopped. You should have regular check-ups, blood tests, chest x-rays before and during treatment with amiodarone hydrochloride tablets to check for serious side effects. You should also have lung function tests before starting treatment with amiodarone hydrochloride tablets. What is amiodarone hydrochloride tablet? Amiodarone hydrochloride tablet is a prescription medicine used to treat people who have been diagnosed with life-threatening heartbeat problems called ventricular arrhythmias, when other treatments did not work or you cannot tolerate them. It is not known if amiodarone hydrochloride tablet is safe and effective in children. Who should not take amiodarone hydrochloride tablets? Do not take amiodarone hydrochloride tablets if you: have a serious heart problem called cardiogenic shock have certain types of the heart condition called heart block, with or without a slow heart rate have a slow heart rate with dizziness or lightheadedness, and you do not have an implanted pacemaker are allergic to amiodarone, iodine, or any of the other ingredients in amiodarone hydrochloride tablets. See the end of this Medication Guide for a complete list of ingredients in amiodarone hydrochloride tablets. Before taking amiodarone hydrochloride tablets, tell your healthcare provider about all of your medical conditions, including if you: have lung or breathing problems have liver problems have or had thyroid problems have a slow heart rate or blood pressure problems have diarrhea or have had diarrhea for a long period of time have been told that you have low levels of potassium, magnesium, or calcium in your blood have an implanted pacemaker or defribrillator if you plan to have surgery with general anesthesia are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. Amiodarone hydrochloride tablets may harm your unborn baby. Tell your healthcare provider right away if you become pregnant during treatment with amiodarone hydrochloride tablets. Amiodarone hydrochloride tablets can stay in your body for months after treatment is stopped. are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. Amiodarone hydrochloride can pass into your breast milk and may harm your baby. You should not breast feed while taking amiodarone hydrochloride tablets. Amiodarone hydrochloride can stay in your body for months after treatment is stopped. Talk to your healthcare provider about the best way to feed your baby during this time. Tell your healthcare provider about all the medicines you take including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements. Amiodarone hydrochloride tablets and certain other medicines can affect with each other and cause serious side effects. You can ask your pharmacist for a list of medicines that interact with amiodarone hydrochloride tablets. How should I take Amiodarone hydrochloride tablets? When you are discharged from the hospital, take amiodarone hydrochloride tablets exactly as your doctor tells you to take it. Your healthcare provider will tell you how much amiodarone hydrochloride tablets to take and when to take it. Your healthcare provider may change your dose of amiodarone hydrochloride tablets as needed if your heart rhythm is controlled, or if you have certain side effects. Your healthcare provider should monitor you carefully when your dose of amiodarone hydrochloride tablet is being changed. Take your dose of amiodarone hydrochloride tablets the same way each time, either with or without food. If you take too much amiodarone hydrochloride tablets, call your healthcare provider or go to the nearest hospital emergency room right away. If you miss a dose, wait and take your next dose at your regular time. Do not take two doses at the same. Continue with your next regularly scheduled dose. What should I avoid while taking amiodarone hydrochloride tablets? Avoid drinking grapefruit juice during treatment with amiodarone hydrochloride tablets. Drinking grapefruit juice with amiodarone hydrochloride tablets may increase the amount of amiodarone hydrochloride tablets in your blood, and this may lead to side effects. Amiodarone hydrochloride tablets can make your skin sensitive to sunlight. You could get severe sunburn. Use sunscreen and wear a hat and clothes that cover your skin to help protect you if you must be in sunlight. Talk to your healthcare if you get a sunburn. See "Skin problems" in the Medication Guide section "What are the possible side effects of amiodarone hydrochloride tablets?" below. What are the possible side effects of amiodarone hydrochloride tablets? Amiodarone hydrochloride tablets can cause serious side effects, including: See "What is the most important information I should know about amiodarone hydrochloride tablets?" Nerve problems. Amiodarone hydrochloride tablets can cause nerve problems. Call your healthcare provider if you develop symptoms of nerve problems, including: a feeling of "pins and needles" or numbness in your hands, legs, or feet, muscle weakness, uncontrolled movements, poor coordination, or trouble walking. Skin problems. Amiodarone hydrochloride tablets can cause your skin to be more sensitive to the sun or turn a bluish-gray color. People who have fair skin or people who have a lot of sun exposure may be more at risk for these skin problems. Some of the bluish-gray skin color may return to normal after stopping amiodarone hydrochloride tablets. Thyroid problems. Amiodarone hydrochloride tablets can cause you to have either decreased thyroid function (hypothyroidism), which can sometimes be severe, or an overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism), which can be severe. If you develop decreased thyroid function during treatment with amiodarone hydrochloride tablets, your healthcare provider may need to reduce your dose or stop your treatment with amiodarone hydrochloride tablets, and possibly prescribe medicine to replace your thyroid hormone. An overactive thyroid can cause you to produce too much thyroid hormone. You can have abnormal heartbeats even while you are receiving amiodarone hydrochloride tablets. Your healthcare provider may prescribe certain medicines to treat your overactive thyroid. Call your healthcare provider if you get any abnormal heart beats during treatment with amiodarone hydrochloride tablets. This may mean that you have an overactive thyroid. Your healthcare provider should do tests to check your thyroid function before you start and during treatment with amiodarone hydrochloride tablets. Call your healthcare provider if you develop any of the following symptoms of a thyroid problem during treatment with amiodarone hydrochloride tablets: weakness weight loss or weight gain heat or cold intolerance hair thinning sweating changes in your menstrual periods swelling of your neck (goiter) nervousness irritability restlessness decreased concentration feeling depressed (in the elderly) tremor The most common side effects of amiodarone hydrochloride tablets include: lung problems heartbeat problems heart problems liver problems Amiodarone hydrochloride tablets may affect fertility in males and females. It is not known if the effects are reversible. Talk to your healthcare provider if you have concerns about fertility. These are not all the possible side effects of amiodarone hydrochloride tablets. For more information, ask your healthcare provider or pharmacist. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088. How should I store amiodarone hydrochloride tablets? Store amiodarone hydrochloride tablets at room temperature between 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F). Keep amiodarone hydrochloride tablets in a tightly closed container, and keep amiodarone hydrochloride tablets out of the light. Keep amiodarone hydrochloride tablets and all medicines out of the reach of children. General information about the safe and effective use of amiodarone hydrochloride tablets Medicines are sometimes prescribed for purposes other than those listed in a Medication Guide. Do not use amiodarone hydrochloride tablets for a condition for which it was not prescribed. Do not give amiodarone hydrochloride tablets to other people, even if they have the same symptoms that you have. It may harm them. You can ask your pharmacist or healthcare provider for information about amiodarone hydrochloride tablets that is written for health professionals. What are the ingredients in amiodarone hydrochloride tablets? Active Ingredient : amiodarone hydrochloride, USP Inactive Ingredients : Colloidal silicon dioxide, corn starch, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, povidone and sodium starch glycolate. Additionally, each 400 mg tablet contains D&C yellow #10 Aluminum Lake, iron oxide red and iron oxide yellow. For more information, go to [email protected] or Tel.: 1-877-993-8779. This Medication Guide has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Medication Guide available at www.zydususa.com/medguides or call 1-877-993-8779.
Geriatric use
Information about any limitations on any geriatric indications, needs for specific monitoring, hazards associated with use of the drug in the geriatric population.8.5 Geriatric Use Normal subjects over 65 years of age show lower clearances and increased drug half-life than younger subjects [see Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.3 )]. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.
Pediatric use
Information about any limitations on any pediatric indications, needs for specific monitoring, hazards associated with use of the drug in any subsets of the pediatric population (such as neonates, infants, children, or adolescents), differences between pediatric and adult responses to the drug, and other information related to the safe and effective pediatric use of the drug.8.4 Pediatric Use The safety and effectiveness of amiodarone hydrochloride tablets in pediatric patients have not been established.
Pregnancy
Information about effects the drug may have on pregnant women or on a fetus. This field may be ommitted if the drug is not absorbed systemically and the drug is not known to have a potential for indirect harm to the fetus. It may contain information about the established pregnancy category classification for the drug. (That information is nominally listed in the teratogenic_effects field, but may be listed here instead.)8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary Available data from postmarketing reports and published case series indicate that amiodarone use in pregnant women may increase the risk for fetal adverse effects including neonatal hypo- and hyperthyroidism, neonatal bradycardia, neurodevelopmental abnormalities, preterm birth and fetal growth restriction. Amiodarone and its metabolite, desethylamiodarone (DEA), cross the placenta. Untreated underlying arrhythmias, including ventricular arrhythmias, during pregnancy pose a risk to the mother and fetus ( see Clinical Considerations). In animal studies, administration of amiodarone to rabbits, rats, and mice during organogenesis resulted in embryo- fetal toxicity at doses less than the maximum recommended human maintenance dose (see Data) . Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus. The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively. Clinical Considerations Disease-associated maternal and or embryo/fetal Risk The incidence of ventricular tachycardia is increased and may be more symptomatic during pregnancy. Ventricular arrhythmias most often occur in pregnant women with underlying cardiomyopathy, congenital heart disease, valvular heart disease, or mitral valve prolapse. Most tachycardia episodes are initiated by ectopic beats and the occurrence of arrhythmia episodes may therefore, increase during pregnancy due to the increased propensity to ectopic activity. Breakthrough arrhythmias may also occur during pregnancy, as therapeutic treatment levels may be difficult to maintain due to the increased volume of distribution and increased drug metabolism inherent in the pregnant state. Fetal/Neonatal adverse reactions Amiodarone and its metabolite have been shown to cross the placenta. Adverse fetal effects associated with maternal amiodarone use during pregnancy may include neonatal bradycardia, QT prolongation, and periodic ventricular extrasystoles, neonatal hypothyroidism (with or without goiter) detected antenatally or in the newborn and reported even after a few days of exposure, neonatal hyperthyroxinemia, neurodevelopmental abnormalities independent of thyroid function, including speech delay and difficulties with written language and arithmetic, delayed motor development, and ataxia, jerk nystagmus with synchronous head titubation, fetal growth restriction, and premature birth. Monitor the newborn for signs and symptoms of thyroid disorder and cardiac arrhythmias. Labor and Delivery Risk of arrhythmias may increase during labor and delivery. Patients treated with amiodarone hydrochloride tablets should be monitored continuously during labor and delivery [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.4 )]. Data Animal Data In pregnant rats and rabbits during the period of organogenesis, amiodarone HCl in doses of 25 mg/kg/day (approximately 0.4 and 0.9 times, respectively, the maximum recommended human maintenance dose*) had no adverse effects on the fetus. In the rabbit, 75 mg/kg/day (approximately 2.7 times the maximum recommended human maintenance dose*) caused abortions in greater than 90% of the animals. In the rat, doses of 50 mg/kg/day or more were associated with slight displacement of the testes and an increased incidence of incomplete ossification of some skull and digital bones; at 100 mg/kg/day or more, fetal body weights were reduced; at 200 mg/kg/day, there was an increased incidence of fetal resorption. (These doses in the rat are approximately 0.8, 1.6 and 3.2 times the maximum recommended human maintenance dose*) Adverse effects on fetal growth and survival also were noted in one of two strains of mice at a dose of 5 mg/kg/day (approximately 0.04 times the maximum recommended human maintenance dose*). *600 mg in a 60 kg patient (doses compared on a body surface area basis)
Use in specific populations
Information about use of the drug by patients in specific populations, including pregnant women and nursing mothers, pediatric patients, and geriatric patients.8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS Pregnancy: May cause fetal harm ( 8.1 ). Lactation: Breastfeeding not recommended ( 8.2 ). 8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary Available data from postmarketing reports and published case series indicate that amiodarone use in pregnant women may increase the risk for fetal adverse effects including neonatal hypo- and hyperthyroidism, neonatal bradycardia, neurodevelopmental abnormalities, preterm birth and fetal growth restriction. Amiodarone and its metabolite, desethylamiodarone (DEA), cross the placenta. Untreated underlying arrhythmias, including ventricular arrhythmias, during pregnancy pose a risk to the mother and fetus ( see Clinical Considerations). In animal studies, administration of amiodarone to rabbits, rats, and mice during organogenesis resulted in embryo- fetal toxicity at doses less than the maximum recommended human maintenance dose (see Data) . Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus. The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively. Clinical Considerations Disease-associated maternal and or embryo/fetal Risk The incidence of ventricular tachycardia is increased and may be more symptomatic during pregnancy. Ventricular arrhythmias most often occur in pregnant women with underlying cardiomyopathy, congenital heart disease, valvular heart disease, or mitral valve prolapse. Most tachycardia episodes are initiated by ectopic beats and the occurrence of arrhythmia episodes may therefore, increase during pregnancy due to the increased propensity to ectopic activity. Breakthrough arrhythmias may also occur during pregnancy, as therapeutic treatment levels may be difficult to maintain due to the increased volume of distribution and increased drug metabolism inherent in the pregnant state. Fetal/Neonatal adverse reactions Amiodarone and its metabolite have been shown to cross the placenta. Adverse fetal effects associated with maternal amiodarone use during pregnancy may include neonatal bradycardia, QT prolongation, and periodic ventricular extrasystoles, neonatal hypothyroidism (with or without goiter) detected antenatally or in the newborn and reported even after a few days of exposure, neonatal hyperthyroxinemia, neurodevelopmental abnormalities independent of thyroid function, including speech delay and difficulties with written language and arithmetic, delayed motor development, and ataxia, jerk nystagmus with synchronous head titubation, fetal growth restriction, and premature birth. Monitor the newborn for signs and symptoms of thyroid disorder and cardiac arrhythmias. Labor and Delivery Risk of arrhythmias may increase during labor and delivery. Patients treated with amiodarone hydrochloride tablets should be monitored continuously during labor and delivery [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.4 )]. Data Animal Data In pregnant rats and rabbits during the period of organogenesis, amiodarone HCl in doses of 25 mg/kg/day (approximately 0.4 and 0.9 times, respectively, the maximum recommended human maintenance dose*) had no adverse effects on the fetus. In the rabbit, 75 mg/kg/day (approximately 2.7 times the maximum recommended human maintenance dose*) caused abortions in greater than 90% of the animals. In the rat, doses of 50 mg/kg/day or more were associated with slight displacement of the testes and an increased incidence of incomplete ossification of some skull and digital bones; at 100 mg/kg/day or more, fetal body weights were reduced; at 200 mg/kg/day, there was an increased incidence of fetal resorption. (These doses in the rat are approximately 0.8, 1.6 and 3.2 times the maximum recommended human maintenance dose*) Adverse effects on fetal growth and survival also were noted in one of two strains of mice at a dose of 5 mg/kg/day (approximately 0.04 times the maximum recommended human maintenance dose*). *600 mg in a 60 kg patient (doses compared on a body surface area basis) 8.2 Lactation Risk Summary Amiodarone and one of its major metabolites, DEA, are present in breastmilk at between 3.5% and 45% of the maternal weight- adjusted dosage of amiodarone. There are cases of hypothyroidism and bradycardia in breastfed infants, although it is unclear if these effects are due to amiodarone exposure in breastmilk. Breastfeeding is not recommended during treatment with amiodarone hydrochloride tablets [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.6 , 5.7 )] . 8.3 Females and Males of Reproductive Potential Infertility Based on animal fertility studies, amiodarone hydrochloride tablets may reduce female and male fertility. It is not known if this effect is reversible. [see Nonclinical Toxicology ( 13.1 )] . 8.4 Pediatric Use The safety and effectiveness of amiodarone hydrochloride tablets in pediatric patients have not been established. 8.5 Geriatric Use Normal subjects over 65 years of age show lower clearances and increased drug half-life than younger subjects [see Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.3 )]. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.
How supplied
Information about the available dosage forms to which the labeling applies, and for which the manufacturer or distributor is responsible. This field ordinarily includes the strength of the dosage form (in metric units), the units in which the dosage form is available for prescribing, appropriate information to facilitate identification of the dosage forms (such as shape, color, coating, scoring, and National Drug Code), and special handling and storage condition information.16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING Amiodarone Hydrochloride Tablets USP, 100 mg are white to off-white, round-shaped, flat faced, bevel-edged, uncoated tablets debossed with '297' on one side and plain on other side and are supplied as follows: NDC 68382-297-06 in bottle of 30 tablets with child-resistant closure. Amiodarone Hydrochloride Tablets USP, 200 mg are white to off-white, round-shaped, flat beveled-edge, uncoated tablets with bisect on one side and other side is plain; one side of bisect is debossed with 'ZE' and other side is debossed with '65' and are supplied as follows: NDC 68382-227-06 in bottle of 30 tablets with child-resistant closure. NDC 68382-227-14 in bottle of 60 tablets with child-resistant closure. NDC 68382-227-05 in bottle of 500 tablets NDC 68382-227-10 in bottle of 1000 tablets NDC 68382-227-77 in unit-dose blister cartons of 100 (10 x 10) unit-dose tablets Amiodarone Hydrochloride Tablets USP, 400 mg are pale yellow to yellow, round-shaped, flat faced, bevel-edged, uncoated tablets debossed with '2' and '98' on either side of score line on one side and plain on other side and are supplied as follows: NDC 68382-298-06 in bottle of 30 tablets with child-resistant closure. Storage Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F) [See USP Controlled Room Temperature]. Protect from light. Dispense in a tight, light-resistant container.
Boxed warning
Information about contraindications or serious warnings, particularly those that may lead to death or serious injury.WARNING: PULMONARY, HEPATIC and CARDIAC TOXICITY Amiodarone hydrochloride tablets are intended for use only in patients with the indicated life-threatening arrhythmias because its use is accompanied by substantial toxicity [see Indications and Usage ( 1 )]. Amiodarone hydrochloride tablets can cause pulmonary toxicity (hypersensitivity pneumonitis or interstitial/alveolar pneumonitis) that has resulted in clinically manifest disease at rates as high as 17% in some series of patients. Pulmonary toxicity has been fatal about 10% of the time . Obtain a baseline chest X-ray and pulmonary-function tests, including diffusion capacity, when amiodarone hydrochloride tablets therapy is initiated. Repeat history, physical exam, and chest X-ray every 3 to 6 months [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 )]. Amiodarone hydrochloride tablets can cause hepatoxicity, which can be fatal. Obtain baseline and periodic liver transaminases and discontinue or reduce dose if the increase exceeds three times normal, or doubles in a patient with an elevated baseline. Discontinue amiodarone hydrochloride tablets if the patient experiences signs or symptoms of clinical liver injury [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.3 )]. Amiodarone hydrochloride tablets can exacerbate arrhythmias. Initiate amiodarone hydrochloride in a clinical setting where continuous electrocardiograms and cardiac resuscitation are available [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.4 )]. WARNING: PULMONARY, HEPATIC and CARDIAC TOXICITY See full prescribing information for complete boxed warning. Reserve amiodarone hydrochloride tablets for patients with the indicated life-threatening arrhythmias because its use is accompanied by substantial toxicity, some also life-threatening. Utilize alternative agents first ( 1 ). Amiodarone hydrochloride tablet's life-threatening toxicities include pulmonary ( 5.2 ), hepatic ( 5.3 ), and proarrhythmic ( 5.4 ). Initiate under hospital or specialist supervision ( 5 ).
Disclaimer: Do not rely on openFDA or Phanrmacy Near Me to make decisions regarding medical care. While we make every effort to ensure that data is accurate, you should assume all results are unvalidated. Source: OpenFDA, Healthporta Drugs API