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| Product NDC Code | 47781-379 | ||||
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| Drug Name | Pregabalin extended release |
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| Type | Brand | ||||
| Active Ingredients |
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| Route | ORAL | ||||
| Dosage Form | TABLET, FILM COATED, EXTENDED RELEASE | ||||
| RxCUI drug identifier | 1988974, 1988977, 1988980 |
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| Application Number | ANDA211593 | ||||
| Labeler Name | Alvogen Inc. | ||||
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| Check if available Online | Get Medication Prices online with Discount |
Abuse
Information about the types of abuse that can occur with the drug and adverse reactions pertinent to those types of abuse, primarily based on human data. May include descriptions of particularly susceptible patient populations.9.2 Abuse In a study of recreational users (N=15) of sedative/hypnotic drugs, including alcohol, pregabalin (450 mg, single dose) received subjective ratings of "good drug effect," "high" and "liking" to a degree that was similar to diazepam (30 mg, single dose). In controlled clinical studies in over 5,500 patients, 4% of pregabalin-treated patients and 1% of placebo-treated patients overall reported euphoria as an adverse reaction, though in some patient populations studied, this reporting rate was higher and ranged from 1% to 12%. Carefully evaluate all patients treated with pregabalin extended-release tablets for history of drug abuse and observe them for signs of pregabalin extended-release tablets misuse or abuse (e.g., development of tolerance, dose escalation, drug-seeking behavior).
Controlled substance
Information about the schedule in which the drug is controlled by the Drug Enforcement Administration, if applicable.9.1 Controlled Substance Pregabalin extended-release tablets contains pregabalin, a Schedule V controlled substance.
Dependence
Information about characteristic effects resulting from both psychological and physical dependence that occur with the drug, the quantity of drug over a period of time that may lead to tolerance or dependence, details of adverse effects related to chronic abuse and the effects of abrupt withdrawl, procedures necessary to diagnose the dependent state, and principles of treating the effects of abrupt withdrawal.9.3 Dependence In clinical studies, following abrupt or rapid discontinuation of pregabalin extended-release tablets, some patients reported symptoms including insomnia, nausea, headache diarrhea, or anxiety [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.6 )] , consistent with physical dependence. In the postmarketing experience with pregabalin, in addition to these reported symptoms there have also been reported cases of hyperhidrosis.
Drug abuse and dependence
Information about whether the drug is a controlled substance, the types of abuse that can occur with the drug, and adverse reactions pertinent to those types of abuse.9 DRUG ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE 9.1 Controlled Substance Pregabalin extended-release tablets contains pregabalin, a Schedule V controlled substance. 9.2 Abuse In a study of recreational users (N=15) of sedative/hypnotic drugs, including alcohol, pregabalin (450 mg, single dose) received subjective ratings of "good drug effect," "high" and "liking" to a degree that was similar to diazepam (30 mg, single dose). In controlled clinical studies in over 5,500 patients, 4% of pregabalin-treated patients and 1% of placebo-treated patients overall reported euphoria as an adverse reaction, though in some patient populations studied, this reporting rate was higher and ranged from 1% to 12%. Carefully evaluate all patients treated with pregabalin extended-release tablets for history of drug abuse and observe them for signs of pregabalin extended-release tablets misuse or abuse (e.g., development of tolerance, dose escalation, drug-seeking behavior). 9.3 Dependence In clinical studies, following abrupt or rapid discontinuation of pregabalin extended-release tablets, some patients reported symptoms including insomnia, nausea, headache diarrhea, or anxiety [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.6 )] , consistent with physical dependence. In the postmarketing experience with pregabalin, in addition to these reported symptoms there have also been reported cases of hyperhidrosis.
Overdosage of Pregabalin Extended Release
Information about signs, symptoms, and laboratory findings of acute ovedosage and the general principles of overdose treatment.10 OVERDOSAGE Signs, Symptoms and Laboratory Findings of Acute Overdosage in Humans In the postmarketing experience, the most commonly reported adverse events observed with pregabalin when taken in overdose include reduced consciousness, depression/anxiety, confusional state, agitation, and restlessness. Seizures and heart block have also been reported. Deaths have been reported in the setting of lone pregabalin overdose and in combination with other CNS depressants. Treatment or Management of Overdose There is no specific antidote for overdose with pregabalin. If indicated, elimination of unabsorbed drug may be attempted by emesis or gastric lavage; observe usual precautions to maintain the airway. General supportive care of the patient is indicated including monitoring of vital signs and observation of the clinical status of the patient. Contact a Certified Poison Control Center for up-to-date information on the management of overdose with pregabalin. Pregabalin can be removed by hemodialysis. Standard hemodialysis procedures result in significant clearance of pregabalin (approximately 50% in 4 hours).
Adverse reactions
Information about undesirable effects, reasonably associated with use of the drug, that may occur as part of the pharmacological action of the drug or may be unpredictable in its occurrence. Adverse reactions include those that occur with the drug, and if applicable, with drugs in the same pharmacologically active and chemically related class. There is considerable variation in the listing of adverse reactions. They may be categorized by organ system, by severity of reaction, by frequency, by toxicological mechanism, or by a combination of these.6 ADVERSE REACTIONS The following adverse reactions are described elsewhere in the labeling: Angioedema [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 )] Hypersensitivity Reactions [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 )] Suicidal Behavior and Ideation [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.3 )] Respiratory Depression [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.4 )] Dizziness and Somnolence [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.5 )] Risks Associated with Abrupt or Rapid Discontinuation [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.6 )] Peripheral Edema [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.7 )] Weight Gain [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.8 )] Ophthalmological Effects [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.10 )] Creatine Kinase Elevations [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.11 )] Decreased Platelet Count [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.12 )] Most common adverse reactions reported in greater than or equal to 4% of patients treated with pregabalin extended-release tablets are dizziness, somnolence, headache, fatigue, peripheral edema, nausea, blurred vision, dry mouth, and weight gain. ( 6.1 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Alvogen, Inc. at 1-866-770-3024 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. Two randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials were conducted in patients with postherpetic neuralgia and fibromyalgia in which a total of 1,242 patients received pregabalin extended-release tablets. Both studies were randomized withdrawal design where a 6-week single-blind, dose optimization phase was followed by a 13-week double-blind phase. The most common adverse events leading to discontinuation from the single-blind phase of the study occurring in greater than or equal to 0.3% of patients were dizziness, somnolence, peripheral edema, fatigue, blurred vision, and increased weight. Sixty-four percent of patients experienced adverse events during the single-blind phase, with the most common adverse events occurring in greater than or equal to 4% of patients being dizziness, somnolence, headache, fatigue, peripheral edema, nausea, blurred vision, dry mouth, and weight gain. Controlled Study in Postherpetic Neuralgia Adverse Reactions Leading to Discontinuation In a clinical trial in patients with postherpetic neuralgia, 8.9% of patients treated with pregabalin extended-release tablets discontinued prematurely during the single-blind phase due to adverse reactions. The most common reasons for discontinuation due to adverse reactions were dizziness (2.1%), somnolence (0.87%), and peripheral edema (0.50%). Most Common Adverse Reactions Table 4 lists all adverse reactions, regardless of causality, occurring in greater than or equal to 1% of patients with postherpetic neuralgia who received pregabalin extended-release tablets, regardless of the phase of the study. Table 4. Incidence of Adverse Reactions Reported in Greater Than or Equal to 1% of Subjects in Any Phase of the Pregabalin Extended-Release Tablets Study in Patients With Postherpetic Neuralgia Table is limited to adverse reactions that occurred with higher incidence in pregabalin extended-release tablets-treated patients than in placebo-treated patients for the DB Phase of the study. System Organ Class Preferred Term Single-Blind Phase Double-Blind Phase Pregabalin Extended-Release Tablets [N=801] n (%) Pregabalin Extended-Release Tablets [N=208] n (%) Placebo [N=205] n (%) Ear and labyrinth disorders Vertigo 31 (3.9) 2 (1.0) 1 (0.5) Eye disorders Vision blurred 30 (3.7) 1 (0.5) 0 Diplopia 8 (1.0) 1 (0.5) 0 Gastrointestinal disorders Dry mouth 30 (3.7) 1 (0.5) 0 Nausea 24 (3.0) 7 (3.4) 0 Constipation 22 (2.7) 0 0 Diarrhea 11 (1.4) 2 (1.0) 1 (0.5) Vomiting 9 (1.1) 3 (1.4) 1 (0.5) General disorders and administration site conditions Edema peripheral 39 (4.9) 8 (3.8) 1 (0.5) Fatigue 31 (3.9) 3 (1.4) 2 (1.0) Edema 3 (0.4) 3 (1.4) 0 Infections and infestations Nasopharyngitis 12 (1.5) 3 (1.4) 0 Urinary tract infection 11 (1.4) 3 (1.4) 1 (0.5) Bronchitis 4 (0.5) 3 (1.4) 2 (1.0) Respiratory tract infection viral 3 (0.4) 3 (1.4) 1 (0.5) Sinusitis 3 (0.4) 2 (1.0) 0 Gastroenteritis viral 2 (0.2) 2 (1.0) 0 Investigations Weight increased 20 (2.5) 8 (3.8) 2 (1.0) Alanine aminotransferase increased 2 (0.2) 3 (1.4) 0 Aspartate aminotransferase increased 2 (0.2) 2 (1.0) 0 Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders Arthralgia 6 (0.7) 2 (1.0) 1 (0.5) Joint swelling 0 4 (1.9) 0 Nervous system disorders Dizziness 137 (17.1) 7 (3.4) 1 (0.5) Somnolence 91 (11.4) 1 (0.5) 0 Headache 31 (3.9) 4 (1.9) 1 (0.5) Balance disorder 21 (2.6) 1 (0.5) 0 Reproductive system and breast disorders Erectile dysfunction 2 (0.6) 1 (1.4) 0 Respiratory, thoracic, and mediastinal disorders Cough 2 (0.2) 2 (1.0) 1 (0.5) Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders Dermatitis contact 0 2 (1.0) 0 Other Adverse Reactions Observed During Clinical Studies with Pregabalin and Pregabalin Extended-Release Tablets In addition to the adverse reactions reported during the controlled studies with pregabalin extended-release tablets in postherpetic neuralgia, the following adverse reactions have been reported in patients treated with pregabalin and pregabalin extended-release tablets during all clinical studies. This listing does not include those adverse reactions already listed above. The adverse reactions are categorized by system organ class and listed in order of decreasing frequency according to the following definitions: frequent adverse reactions are those occurring on 1 or more occasions in at least 1/100 patients; infrequent adverse reactions are those occurring in 1/100 to 1/1000 patients; rare reactions are those occurring in fewer than 1/1000 patients. Adverse reactions of major clinical importance are described in the Warnings and Precautions section ( 5 ). Cardiac Disorders – Infrequent: Palpitations, Deep thrombophlebitis, Heart failure, Hypotension, Postural hypotension, Retinal vascular disorder, Syncope; Rare: Cardiac failure, Tachycardia Eye Disorders – Infrequent: Periorbital edema Gastrointestinal Disorders – Frequent: Increased appetite; Infrequent: Abdominal distension, Abdominal pain, Dysphagia, Pancreatitis, Tongue edema General Disorders – Frequent: Fever; Infrequent: Chest pain, Face edema; Rare: Facial pain, Mucosal dryness Hemic and Lymphatic System Disorders – Frequent: Ecchymosis; Infrequent: Anemia, Eosinophilia, Hypochromic anemia, Leukocytosis, Leukopenia, Lymphadenopathy, Thrombocytopenia; Rare: Myelofibrosis, Polycythemia, Prothrombin decreased, Purpura, Thrombocythemia Infections and Infestations – Infrequent: Otitis media, Pneumonia Investigations – Rare: Glucose urine present, Lipase increased, Neutrophil count increased, Proteinuria Metabolic and Nutritional Disorders – Rare: Glucose Tolerance Decreased, Urate Crystalluria Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders – Frequent: Leg cramps, Myalgia, Myasthenia; Infrequent: Joint stiffness; Rare: Coccydynia, Myokymia Nervous System Disorders – Frequent: Anxiety, Depersonalization, Hypertonia, Hypoesthesia, Libido decreased, Nystagmus, Paresthesia, Sedation, Stupor, Twitching; Infrequent: Coordination abnormal, Abnormal dreams, Agitation, Amnesia, Apathy, Aphasia, Circumoral paresthesia, Cognitive disorder, Dysarthria, Dysgeusia, Hallucinations, Hostility, Hyperalgesia, Hyperesthesia, Hyperkinesia, Hypokinesia, Hypotonia, Libido increased, Myoclonus, Neuralgia, Sciatica, Sleep phase rhythm disturbance; Rare: Addiction, Altered state of consciousness, Bradykinesia, Cerebellar syndrome, Cogwheel rigidity, Coma, Delirium, Delusions, Depressed level of consciousness, Dysautonomia, Dyskinesia, Dystonia, Encephalopathy, Extrapyramidal syndrome, Psychomotor hyperactivity, Psychomotor skills impaired Psychiatric Disorders – Infrequent: Irritability Respiratory System Disorders – Rare: Lung edema Skin Disorders – Frequent: Pruritus; Rare: Stevens-Johnson syndrome Special Senses – Frequent: Conjunctivitis, Tinnitus Urogenital System Disorders – Frequent: Anorgasmia, Impotence, Urinary frequency, Urinary incontinence; Infrequent: Abnormal ejaculation, Albuminuria, Dysuria, Hematuria, Kidney calculus, Leukorrhea, Nephritis, Oliguria, Urinary retention 6.2 Postmarketing Experience with Pregabalin The following adverse reactions have been identified during post-approval use of pregabalin. These adverse reactions have not been listed above and data are insufficient to support an estimate of their incidence or to establish causation. The listing is alphabetized: breast enlargement, bullous pemphigoid, gynecomastia. There are postmarketing reports of life-threatening or fatal respiratory depression in patients taking pregabalin with opioids or other CNS depressants, or in the setting of underlying respiratory impairment. In addition, there are postmarketing reports of events related to reduced lower gastrointestinal tract function (e.g., intestinal obstruction, paralytic ileus, constipation) when pregabalin was co-administered with medications that have the potential to produce constipation, such as opioid analgesics.
| System Organ Class Preferred Term | Single-Blind Phase | Double-Blind Phase | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pregabalin Extended-Release Tablets [N=801] n (%) | Pregabalin Extended-Release Tablets [N=208] n (%) | Placebo [N=205] n (%) | |
| Vertigo | 31 (3.9) | 2 (1.0) | 1 (0.5) |
| Vision blurred | 30 (3.7) | 1 (0.5) | 0 |
| Diplopia | 8 (1.0) | 1 (0.5) | 0 |
| Dry mouth | 30 (3.7) | 1 (0.5) | 0 |
| Nausea | 24 (3.0) | 7 (3.4) | 0 |
| Constipation | 22 (2.7) | 0 | 0 |
| Diarrhea | 11 (1.4) | 2 (1.0) | 1 (0.5) |
| Vomiting | 9 (1.1) | 3 (1.4) | 1 (0.5) |
| Edema peripheral | 39 (4.9) | 8 (3.8) | 1 (0.5) |
| Fatigue | 31 (3.9) | 3 (1.4) | 2 (1.0) |
| Edema | 3 (0.4) | 3 (1.4) | 0 |
| Nasopharyngitis | 12 (1.5) | 3 (1.4) | 0 |
| Urinary tract infection | 11 (1.4) | 3 (1.4) | 1 (0.5) |
| Bronchitis | 4 (0.5) | 3 (1.4) | 2 (1.0) |
| Respiratory tract infection viral | 3 (0.4) | 3 (1.4) | 1 (0.5) |
| Sinusitis | 3 (0.4) | 2 (1.0) | 0 |
| Gastroenteritis viral | 2 (0.2) | 2 (1.0) | 0 |
| Weight increased | 20 (2.5) | 8 (3.8) | 2 (1.0) |
| Alanine aminotransferase increased | 2 (0.2) | 3 (1.4) | 0 |
| Aspartate aminotransferase increased | 2 (0.2) | 2 (1.0) | 0 |
| Arthralgia | 6 (0.7) | 2 (1.0) | 1 (0.5) |
| Joint swelling | 0 | 4 (1.9) | 0 |
| Dizziness | 137 (17.1) | 7 (3.4) | 1 (0.5) |
| Somnolence | 91 (11.4) | 1 (0.5) | 0 |
| Headache | 31 (3.9) | 4 (1.9) | 1 (0.5) |
| Balance disorder | 21 (2.6) | 1 (0.5) | 0 |
| Erectile dysfunction | 2 (0.6) | 1 (1.4) | 0 |
| Cough | 2 (0.2) | 2 (1.0) | 1 (0.5) |
| Dermatitis contact | 0 | 2 (1.0) | 0 |
Pregabalin Extended Release Drug Interactions
Information about and practical guidance on preventing clinically significant drug/drug and drug/food interactions that may occur in people taking the drug.7 DRUG INTERACTIONS Since pregabalin is predominantly excreted unchanged in the urine, undergoes negligible metabolism in humans (less than 2% of a dose recovered in urine as metabolites), and does not bind to plasma proteins, its pharmacokinetics are unlikely to be affected by other agents through metabolic interactions or protein binding displacement. In vitro studies showed that pregabalin is unlikely to be involved in significant pharmacokinetic drug interactions [see Clinical Pharmacology ( 12 )] . The interactions of pregabalin extended-release tablets with co-administration of other drugs have not been systematically evaluated. Co-administration of the prokinetic drug erythromycin with pregabalin extended-release tablets did not result in any clinically important changes in the pharmacokinetics of pregabalin extended-release tablets [see Clinical Pharmacology ( 12 )] . Additional studies have been performed with pregabalin. No pharmacokinetic interactions were observed between pregabalin and carbamazepine, gabapentin, lamotrigine, oral contraceptive, phenobarbital, phenytoin, topiramate, and valproic acid. A similar lack of pharmacokinetic interactions would be expected to occur with pregabalin extended-release tablets. Pharmacodynamics Although no pharmacokinetic interactions were seen with pregabalin and ethanol, lorazepam, or oxycodone, additive effects on cognitive and gross motor functioning were seen when pregabalin was co-administered with these drugs. No clinically important effects on respiration were seen in studies of pregabalin.
Clinical pharmacology
Information about the clinical pharmacology and actions of the drug in humans.12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY 12.1 Mechanism of Action Pregabalin binds with high affinity to the alpha 2 -delta site (an auxiliary subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels) in central nervous system tissues. Although the mechanism of action of pregabalin has not been fully elucidated, results with genetically modified mice and with compounds structurally related to pregabalin (such as gabapentin) suggest that binding to the alpha 2 -delta subunit may be involved in pregabalin’s anti-nociceptive and antiseizure effects in animals. In animal models of nerve damage, pregabalin has been shown to reduce calcium-dependent release of pro-nociceptive neurotransmitters in the spinal cord, possibly by disrupting alpha 2 -delta containing-calcium channel trafficking and/or reducing calcium currents. Evidence from other animal models of nerve damage and persistent pain suggest the anti-nociceptive activities of pregabalin may also be mediated through interactions with descending noradrenergic and serotonergic pathways originating from the brainstem that modulate pain transmission in the spinal cord. While pregabalin is a structural derivative of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), it does not bind directly to GABA A , GABA B , or benzodiazepine receptors, does not augment GABA A responses in cultured neurons, does not alter rat brain GABA concentration or have acute effects on GABA uptake or degradation. However, in cultured neurons prolonged application of pregabalin increases the density of GABA transporter protein and increases the rate of functional GABA transport. Pregabalin does not block sodium channels, is not active at opiate receptors, and does not alter cyclooxygenase enzyme activity. It is inactive at serotonin and dopamine receptors and does not inhibit dopamine, serotonin, or noradrenaline reuptake. 12.3 Pharmacokinetics Pregabalin extended-release tablets has linear pharmacokinetics with dose-proportional increases in maximum plasma concentration (C max ) and area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) from 82.5 to 660 mg/day. Following repeated administration, steady state is achieved within approximately 48 to 72 hours. Pregabalin extended-release tablets administered once daily following an evening meal has equivalent AUC and lower C max relative to a comparative dose of pregabalin administered without food twice daily (Table 5). Variability in C max and AUC for pregabalin extended-release tablets is less than or equal to 25%. Table 5. Steady-State Pharmacokinetics for Pregabalin Extended-Release Tablets 165 mg Once Daily and Pregabalin 75 mg Twice Daily Pregabalin Extended-Release Tablets Once Daily Pregabalin BID Note: Geometric mean (%CV) for AUC 24 , C max , C min ; median (range) for T max . Abbreviations: AUC 24 =area under the curve over 24 hours; BID=every 12 hours; C max =peak concentrations; C min =minimum concentrations; N=Number of subjects; T max =time to peak concentrations. N 24 24 C max (µg/mL) 2.0 (17) 3.2 (21) T max (h) 8.0 (5.0 – 12.0) 0.7 (0.7 – 1.5) AUC 24 (µg∙h/mL) 29.4 (17) 31.5 (18) C min (µg/mL) 0.44 (24) 0.59 (25) Absorption Pregabalin is absorbed from the small intestine and proximal colon. Pregabalin extended-release tablets absorption is linear and dose proportional. The bioavailability of pregabalin extended-release tablets is reduced if taken on an empty stomach. The AUC is approximately 30% lower when pregabalin extended-release tablets are administered fasted relative to following an evening meal. When pregabalin extended-release tablets are administered following a 600 to 750 calorie (50% carbohydrates, 20% protein, 30% fat) evening meal, peak plasma concentrations occur within approximately 8 to 10 hours and AUC is approximately 93% to 97% relative to a comparative dose of pregabalin. The rate and extent of pregabalin extended-release tablets absorption is similar when administered following a 400 to 500 calorie, 30% fat or an 800 to 1000 calorie, 15%, 30%, or 50% fat evening meal. When pregabalin extended-release tablets are administered following an 800 to 1000 calorie (50% carbohydrates, 20% protein, 30% fat) morning meal, peak plasma concentrations occur within approximately 12 hours and AUC is 99% relative to a comparative dose of pregabalin. AUC decreases approximately 13% to 25% when pregabalin extended-release tablets are administered following a 400 to 500 calorie or 600 to 750 calorie (50% carbohydrates, 20% protein, 30% fat) morning meal relative to the 800 to 1000 calorie meal, while C max remains the same. Distribution Pregabalin does not bind to plasma proteins. The apparent volume of distribution of pregabalin following oral administration is approximately 0.5 L/kg. Pregabalin is a substrate for system L transporter which is responsible for the transport of large amino acids across the blood brain barrier. Although there are no data in humans, pregabalin has been shown to cross the blood brain barrier in mice, rats, and monkeys. In addition, pregabalin has been shown to cross the placenta in rats and is present in the milk of lactating rats. Elimination Metabolism Pregabalin undergoes negligible metabolism in humans. Following a dose of radiolabeled pregabalin, approximately 90% of the administered dose was recovered in the urine as unchanged pregabalin. The N-methylated derivative of pregabalin, the major metabolite of pregabalin found in urine, accounted for 0.9% of the dose. In preclinical studies, pregabalin (S-enantiomer) did not undergo racemization to the R-enantiomer in mice, rats, rabbits, or monkeys. Excretion Pregabalin is eliminated from the systemic circulation primarily by renal excretion as unchanged drug with a mean elimination half-life of 6.3 hours in subjects with normal renal function. Mean renal clearance was estimated to be 67.0 to 80.9 mL/min in young healthy subjects. Because pregabalin is not bound to plasma proteins this clearance rate indicates that renal tubular reabsorption is involved. Pregabalin elimination is nearly proportional to CLcr [see Dosage and Administration ( 2.5 )] . Specific Populations Age: Geriatric Patients Pregabalin oral clearance tended to decrease with increasing age. This decrease in pregabalin oral clearance is consistent with age-related decreases in CLcr. Reduction of pregabalin dose may be required in patients who have age-related compromised renal function [see Dosage and Administration ( 2.5 )] . Sex Population pharmacokinetic analyses of the clinical studies showed that the relationship between daily dose and pregabalin extended-release tablets drug exposure is similar between genders. Race/Ethnicity In population pharmacokinetic analyses of the clinical studies of pregabalin and pregabalin extended-release tablets, the pharmacokinetics of pregabalin were not significantly affected by race (Caucasians, Blacks, and Hispanics). Renal Impairment Pregabalin clearance is nearly proportional to CLcr. Dosage reduction in patients with reduced renal function is necessary. Pregabalin is effectively removed from plasma by hemodialysis. Following a 4-hour hemodialysis treatment, plasma pregabalin concentrations are reduced by approximately 50%. For patients on hemodialysis, treatment with pregabalin extended-release tablets is not recommended [see Dosage and Administration ( 2.5 )] . Drug Interaction Studies In Vitro Studies In vitro studies showed that pregabalin is unlikely to be involved in significant pharmacokinetic drug interactions. Pregabalin, at concentrations that were, in general, 10-times those attained in clinical trials, does not inhibit human CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, and CYP3A4 enzyme systems. In vitro drug interaction studies demonstrate that pregabalin does not induce CYP1A2 or CYP3A4 activity. Therefore, an increase in the metabolism of co-administered CYP1A2 substrates (e.g., theophylline, caffeine) or CYP3A4 substrates (e.g., midazolam, testosterone) is not anticipated. In Vivo Studies With the exception of erythromycin, the interactions of pregabalin extended-release tablets with co-administration of other drugs have not been systematically evaluated. Additional studies have been performed with pregabalin [see Drug Interactions ( 7 )] . No pharmacokinetic interactions were observed between pregabalin and carbamazepine, ethanol, gabapentin, lamotrigine, lorazepam, oral contraceptive, oxycodone, phenobarbital, phenytoin, topiramate, and valproic acid. A similar lack of pharmacokinetic interactions would be expected to occur with pregabalin extended-release tablets. The drug interaction studies described in this section were conducted in healthy adults, and across various patient populations. Erythromycin Multiple-dose administration of erythromycin (500 mg every 6 hours for 18 hours) in healthy subjects resulted in a 17% decrease in AUC of pregabalin extended-release tablets (330 mg single dose). Ethanol Multiple-dose administration of pregabalin (300 mg twice a day) in healthy subjects had no effect on the rate and extent of ethanol single-dose pharmacokinetics and single-dose administration of ethanol (0.7 g/kg) had no effect on the steady-state pharmacokinetics of pregabalin. Additive effects on cognitive and gross motor functioning were seen when pregabalin was co-administered with ethanol. No clinically important effects on respiration were seen [see Drug Interactions ( 7 )] . Gabapentin The pharmacokinetic interactions of pregabalin and gabapentin were investigated in 12 healthy subjects following concomitant single-dose administration of 100-mg pregabalin and 300-mg gabapentin and in 18 healthy subjects following concomitant multiple-dose administration of 200-mg pregabalin every 8 hours and 400-mg gabapentin every 8 hours. Gabapentin pharmacokinetics following single- and multiple-dose administration were unaltered by pregabalin co-administration. The extent of pregabalin absorption was unaffected by gabapentin co-administration, although there was a small reduction in rate of absorption. Lorazepam Multiple-dose administration of pregabalin (300 mg twice a day) in healthy subjects had no effect on the rate and extent of lorazepam single-dose pharmacokinetics and single-dose administration of lorazepam (1 mg) had no effect on the steady-state pharmacokinetics of pregabalin. Additive effects on cognitive and gross motor functioning were seen when pregabalin was co-administered with lorazepam. No clinically important effects on respiration were seen [see Drug Interactions ( 7 )] . Oral Contraceptive Pregabalin co-administration (200 mg 3 times a day) had no effect on the steady-state pharmacokinetics of norethindrone and ethinyl estradiol (1 mg/35 μg, respectively) in healthy subjects. Oxycodone Multiple-dose administration of pregabalin (300 mg twice a day) in healthy subjects had no effect on the rate and extent of oxycodone single-dose pharmacokinetics. Single-dose administration of oxycodone (10 mg) had no effect on the steady-state pharmacokinetics of pregabalin. Additive effects on cognitive and gross motor functioning were seen when pregabalin was co-administered with oxycodone. No clinically important effects on respiration were seen [see Drug Interactions ( 7 )] . Carbamazepine, Lamotrigine, Phenobarbital, Phenytoin, Topiramate and Valproic Acid Steady-state trough plasma concentrations of phenytoin, carbamazepine, and carbamazepine 10,11 epoxide, valproic acid, and lamotrigine were not affected by concomitant pregabalin (200 mg 3 times a day) administration. Population pharmacokinetic analyses in patients treated with pregabalin and various concomitant medications suggest the following: Therapeutic class Specific concomitant drug studied Concomitant drug has no effect on the pharmacokinetics of pregabalin Hypoglycemics Glyburide, insulin, metformin Diuretics Furosemide Antiepileptic Drugs Tiagabine Concomitant drug has no effect on the pharmacokinetics of pregabalin and pregabalin has no effect on the pharmacokinetics of concomitant drug Antiepileptic Drugs Carbamazepine, lamotrigine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, topiramate, valproic acid
| Pregabalin Extended-Release Tablets Once Daily | Pregabalin BID | |
|---|---|---|
| Note: Geometric mean (%CV) for AUC24, Cmax, Cmin; median (range) for Tmax. Abbreviations: AUC24=area under the curve over 24 hours; BID=every 12 hours; Cmax=peak concentrations; Cmin=minimum concentrations; N=Number of subjects; Tmax=time to peak concentrations. | ||
| N | 24 | 24 |
| Cmax (µg/mL) | 2.0 (17) | 3.2 (21) |
| Tmax (h) | 8.0 (5.0 – 12.0) | 0.7 (0.7 – 1.5) |
| AUC24 (µg∙h/mL) | 29.4 (17) | 31.5 (18) |
| Cmin (µg/mL) | 0.44 (24) | 0.59 (25) |
| Therapeutic class | Specific concomitant drug studied |
|---|---|
| Hypoglycemics | Glyburide, insulin, metformin |
| Diuretics | Furosemide |
| Antiepileptic Drugs | Tiagabine |
| Antiepileptic Drugs | Carbamazepine, lamotrigine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, topiramate, valproic acid |
Mechanism of action
Information about the established mechanism(s) of the drugÕs action in humans at various levels (for example receptor, membrane, tissue, organ, whole body). If the mechanism of action is not known, this field contains a statement about the lack of information.12.1 Mechanism of Action Pregabalin binds with high affinity to the alpha 2 -delta site (an auxiliary subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels) in central nervous system tissues. Although the mechanism of action of pregabalin has not been fully elucidated, results with genetically modified mice and with compounds structurally related to pregabalin (such as gabapentin) suggest that binding to the alpha 2 -delta subunit may be involved in pregabalin’s anti-nociceptive and antiseizure effects in animals. In animal models of nerve damage, pregabalin has been shown to reduce calcium-dependent release of pro-nociceptive neurotransmitters in the spinal cord, possibly by disrupting alpha 2 -delta containing-calcium channel trafficking and/or reducing calcium currents. Evidence from other animal models of nerve damage and persistent pain suggest the anti-nociceptive activities of pregabalin may also be mediated through interactions with descending noradrenergic and serotonergic pathways originating from the brainstem that modulate pain transmission in the spinal cord. While pregabalin is a structural derivative of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), it does not bind directly to GABA A , GABA B , or benzodiazepine receptors, does not augment GABA A responses in cultured neurons, does not alter rat brain GABA concentration or have acute effects on GABA uptake or degradation. However, in cultured neurons prolonged application of pregabalin increases the density of GABA transporter protein and increases the rate of functional GABA transport. Pregabalin does not block sodium channels, is not active at opiate receptors, and does not alter cyclooxygenase enzyme activity. It is inactive at serotonin and dopamine receptors and does not inhibit dopamine, serotonin, or noradrenaline reuptake.
Pharmacokinetics
Information about the clinically significant pharmacokinetics of a drug or active metabolites, for instance pertinent absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion parameters.12.3 Pharmacokinetics Pregabalin extended-release tablets has linear pharmacokinetics with dose-proportional increases in maximum plasma concentration (C max ) and area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) from 82.5 to 660 mg/day. Following repeated administration, steady state is achieved within approximately 48 to 72 hours. Pregabalin extended-release tablets administered once daily following an evening meal has equivalent AUC and lower C max relative to a comparative dose of pregabalin administered without food twice daily (Table 5). Variability in C max and AUC for pregabalin extended-release tablets is less than or equal to 25%. Table 5. Steady-State Pharmacokinetics for Pregabalin Extended-Release Tablets 165 mg Once Daily and Pregabalin 75 mg Twice Daily Pregabalin Extended-Release Tablets Once Daily Pregabalin BID Note: Geometric mean (%CV) for AUC 24 , C max , C min ; median (range) for T max . Abbreviations: AUC 24 =area under the curve over 24 hours; BID=every 12 hours; C max =peak concentrations; C min =minimum concentrations; N=Number of subjects; T max =time to peak concentrations. N 24 24 C max (µg/mL) 2.0 (17) 3.2 (21) T max (h) 8.0 (5.0 – 12.0) 0.7 (0.7 – 1.5) AUC 24 (µg∙h/mL) 29.4 (17) 31.5 (18) C min (µg/mL) 0.44 (24) 0.59 (25) Absorption Pregabalin is absorbed from the small intestine and proximal colon. Pregabalin extended-release tablets absorption is linear and dose proportional. The bioavailability of pregabalin extended-release tablets is reduced if taken on an empty stomach. The AUC is approximately 30% lower when pregabalin extended-release tablets are administered fasted relative to following an evening meal. When pregabalin extended-release tablets are administered following a 600 to 750 calorie (50% carbohydrates, 20% protein, 30% fat) evening meal, peak plasma concentrations occur within approximately 8 to 10 hours and AUC is approximately 93% to 97% relative to a comparative dose of pregabalin. The rate and extent of pregabalin extended-release tablets absorption is similar when administered following a 400 to 500 calorie, 30% fat or an 800 to 1000 calorie, 15%, 30%, or 50% fat evening meal. When pregabalin extended-release tablets are administered following an 800 to 1000 calorie (50% carbohydrates, 20% protein, 30% fat) morning meal, peak plasma concentrations occur within approximately 12 hours and AUC is 99% relative to a comparative dose of pregabalin. AUC decreases approximately 13% to 25% when pregabalin extended-release tablets are administered following a 400 to 500 calorie or 600 to 750 calorie (50% carbohydrates, 20% protein, 30% fat) morning meal relative to the 800 to 1000 calorie meal, while C max remains the same. Distribution Pregabalin does not bind to plasma proteins. The apparent volume of distribution of pregabalin following oral administration is approximately 0.5 L/kg. Pregabalin is a substrate for system L transporter which is responsible for the transport of large amino acids across the blood brain barrier. Although there are no data in humans, pregabalin has been shown to cross the blood brain barrier in mice, rats, and monkeys. In addition, pregabalin has been shown to cross the placenta in rats and is present in the milk of lactating rats. Elimination Metabolism Pregabalin undergoes negligible metabolism in humans. Following a dose of radiolabeled pregabalin, approximately 90% of the administered dose was recovered in the urine as unchanged pregabalin. The N-methylated derivative of pregabalin, the major metabolite of pregabalin found in urine, accounted for 0.9% of the dose. In preclinical studies, pregabalin (S-enantiomer) did not undergo racemization to the R-enantiomer in mice, rats, rabbits, or monkeys. Excretion Pregabalin is eliminated from the systemic circulation primarily by renal excretion as unchanged drug with a mean elimination half-life of 6.3 hours in subjects with normal renal function. Mean renal clearance was estimated to be 67.0 to 80.9 mL/min in young healthy subjects. Because pregabalin is not bound to plasma proteins this clearance rate indicates that renal tubular reabsorption is involved. Pregabalin elimination is nearly proportional to CLcr [see Dosage and Administration ( 2.5 )] . Specific Populations Age: Geriatric Patients Pregabalin oral clearance tended to decrease with increasing age. This decrease in pregabalin oral clearance is consistent with age-related decreases in CLcr. Reduction of pregabalin dose may be required in patients who have age-related compromised renal function [see Dosage and Administration ( 2.5 )] . Sex Population pharmacokinetic analyses of the clinical studies showed that the relationship between daily dose and pregabalin extended-release tablets drug exposure is similar between genders. Race/Ethnicity In population pharmacokinetic analyses of the clinical studies of pregabalin and pregabalin extended-release tablets, the pharmacokinetics of pregabalin were not significantly affected by race (Caucasians, Blacks, and Hispanics). Renal Impairment Pregabalin clearance is nearly proportional to CLcr. Dosage reduction in patients with reduced renal function is necessary. Pregabalin is effectively removed from plasma by hemodialysis. Following a 4-hour hemodialysis treatment, plasma pregabalin concentrations are reduced by approximately 50%. For patients on hemodialysis, treatment with pregabalin extended-release tablets is not recommended [see Dosage and Administration ( 2.5 )] . Drug Interaction Studies In Vitro Studies In vitro studies showed that pregabalin is unlikely to be involved in significant pharmacokinetic drug interactions. Pregabalin, at concentrations that were, in general, 10-times those attained in clinical trials, does not inhibit human CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, and CYP3A4 enzyme systems. In vitro drug interaction studies demonstrate that pregabalin does not induce CYP1A2 or CYP3A4 activity. Therefore, an increase in the metabolism of co-administered CYP1A2 substrates (e.g., theophylline, caffeine) or CYP3A4 substrates (e.g., midazolam, testosterone) is not anticipated. In Vivo Studies With the exception of erythromycin, the interactions of pregabalin extended-release tablets with co-administration of other drugs have not been systematically evaluated. Additional studies have been performed with pregabalin [see Drug Interactions ( 7 )] . No pharmacokinetic interactions were observed between pregabalin and carbamazepine, ethanol, gabapentin, lamotrigine, lorazepam, oral contraceptive, oxycodone, phenobarbital, phenytoin, topiramate, and valproic acid. A similar lack of pharmacokinetic interactions would be expected to occur with pregabalin extended-release tablets. The drug interaction studies described in this section were conducted in healthy adults, and across various patient populations. Erythromycin Multiple-dose administration of erythromycin (500 mg every 6 hours for 18 hours) in healthy subjects resulted in a 17% decrease in AUC of pregabalin extended-release tablets (330 mg single dose). Ethanol Multiple-dose administration of pregabalin (300 mg twice a day) in healthy subjects had no effect on the rate and extent of ethanol single-dose pharmacokinetics and single-dose administration of ethanol (0.7 g/kg) had no effect on the steady-state pharmacokinetics of pregabalin. Additive effects on cognitive and gross motor functioning were seen when pregabalin was co-administered with ethanol. No clinically important effects on respiration were seen [see Drug Interactions ( 7 )] . Gabapentin The pharmacokinetic interactions of pregabalin and gabapentin were investigated in 12 healthy subjects following concomitant single-dose administration of 100-mg pregabalin and 300-mg gabapentin and in 18 healthy subjects following concomitant multiple-dose administration of 200-mg pregabalin every 8 hours and 400-mg gabapentin every 8 hours. Gabapentin pharmacokinetics following single- and multiple-dose administration were unaltered by pregabalin co-administration. The extent of pregabalin absorption was unaffected by gabapentin co-administration, although there was a small reduction in rate of absorption. Lorazepam Multiple-dose administration of pregabalin (300 mg twice a day) in healthy subjects had no effect on the rate and extent of lorazepam single-dose pharmacokinetics and single-dose administration of lorazepam (1 mg) had no effect on the steady-state pharmacokinetics of pregabalin. Additive effects on cognitive and gross motor functioning were seen when pregabalin was co-administered with lorazepam. No clinically important effects on respiration were seen [see Drug Interactions ( 7 )] . Oral Contraceptive Pregabalin co-administration (200 mg 3 times a day) had no effect on the steady-state pharmacokinetics of norethindrone and ethinyl estradiol (1 mg/35 μg, respectively) in healthy subjects. Oxycodone Multiple-dose administration of pregabalin (300 mg twice a day) in healthy subjects had no effect on the rate and extent of oxycodone single-dose pharmacokinetics. Single-dose administration of oxycodone (10 mg) had no effect on the steady-state pharmacokinetics of pregabalin. Additive effects on cognitive and gross motor functioning were seen when pregabalin was co-administered with oxycodone. No clinically important effects on respiration were seen [see Drug Interactions ( 7 )] . Carbamazepine, Lamotrigine, Phenobarbital, Phenytoin, Topiramate and Valproic Acid Steady-state trough plasma concentrations of phenytoin, carbamazepine, and carbamazepine 10,11 epoxide, valproic acid, and lamotrigine were not affected by concomitant pregabalin (200 mg 3 times a day) administration. Population pharmacokinetic analyses in patients treated with pregabalin and various concomitant medications suggest the following: Therapeutic class Specific concomitant drug studied Concomitant drug has no effect on the pharmacokinetics of pregabalin Hypoglycemics Glyburide, insulin, metformin Diuretics Furosemide Antiepileptic Drugs Tiagabine Concomitant drug has no effect on the pharmacokinetics of pregabalin and pregabalin has no effect on the pharmacokinetics of concomitant drug Antiepileptic Drugs Carbamazepine, lamotrigine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, topiramate, valproic acid
| Pregabalin Extended-Release Tablets Once Daily | Pregabalin BID | |
|---|---|---|
| Note: Geometric mean (%CV) for AUC24, Cmax, Cmin; median (range) for Tmax. Abbreviations: AUC24=area under the curve over 24 hours; BID=every 12 hours; Cmax=peak concentrations; Cmin=minimum concentrations; N=Number of subjects; Tmax=time to peak concentrations. | ||
| N | 24 | 24 |
| Cmax (µg/mL) | 2.0 (17) | 3.2 (21) |
| Tmax (h) | 8.0 (5.0 – 12.0) | 0.7 (0.7 – 1.5) |
| AUC24 (µg∙h/mL) | 29.4 (17) | 31.5 (18) |
| Cmin (µg/mL) | 0.44 (24) | 0.59 (25) |
| Therapeutic class | Specific concomitant drug studied |
|---|---|
| Hypoglycemics | Glyburide, insulin, metformin |
| Diuretics | Furosemide |
| Antiepileptic Drugs | Tiagabine |
| Antiepileptic Drugs | Carbamazepine, lamotrigine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, topiramate, valproic acid |
Contraindications
Information about situations in which the drug product is contraindicated or should not be used because the risk of use clearly outweighs any possible benefit, including the type and nature of reactions that have been reported.4 CONTRAINDICATIONS Pregabalin extended-release tablets are contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to pregabalin or any of its components. Angioedema and hypersensitivity reactions have occurred in patients receiving pregabalin therapy [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 , 5.2 ), Adverse Reactions ( 6 )] . Known hypersensitivity to pregabalin or any of its components. ( 4 )
Description
General information about the drug product, including the proprietary and established name of the drug, the type of dosage form and route of administration to which the label applies, qualitative and quantitative ingredient information, the pharmacologic or therapeutic class of the drug, and the chemical name and structural formula of the drug.11 DESCRIPTION Pregabalin extended-release tablets are for oral use and contain pregabalin. Pregabalin is described chemically as ( S )-3-(aminomethyl)-5-methylhexanoic acid. The molecular formula is C 8 H 17 NO 2 and the molecular weight is 159.23. The chemical structure of pregabalin is: Pregabalin is a white to off-white, crystalline solid with a pK a1 of 4.2 and a pK a2 of 10.6. It is freely soluble in water and both basic and acidic aqueous solutions. The log of the partition coefficient (n-octanol/0.05M phosphate buffer) at pH 7.4 is – 1.35. Pregabalin extended-release tablets are administered orally and contain 82.5 mg, 165 mg, or 330 mg of pregabalin, along with amino methacrylate copolymer, colloidal silicon dioxide, crospovidone, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hypromellose, and magnesium stearate. The monogramming ink is comprised of ammonium hydroxide, black iron oxide, isopropyl alcohol, N-butyl alcohol, propylene glycol and shellac glaze. The 82.5 mg tablets also contain macrogol, polyvinyl alcohol, talc, and titanium dioxide. The 165 mg tablets also contain iron oxide yellow, iron oxide red, macrogol, polyvinyl alcohol, talc, and titanium dioxide. The 330 mg tablets also contain ferrosoferric oxide, iron oxide red, macrogol, polyvinyl alcohol, talc, and titanium dioxide.
Dosage and administration
Information about the drug product’s dosage and administration recommendations, including starting dose, dose range, titration regimens, and any other clinically sigificant information that affects dosing recommendations.2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION Pregabalin extended-release tablets should be administered once daily after an evening meal. It should be swallowed whole and should not be split, crushed, or chewed. ( 2.1 ) Dosing recommendations for pregabalin extended-release tablets: Indication Dosing Regimen Initial Dose Maximum Dose DPN Pain ( 2.2 ) Single dose per day 165 mg/day 330 mg/day within 1 week. PHN ( 2.3 ) Single dose per day 165 mg/day 330 mg/day within 1 week. Maximum dose of 660 mg/day. Conversion from pregabalin capsules or oral solution to pregabalin extended-release tablets: See full prescribing information. ( 2.4 ) Dose modification recommended in patients with renal impairment. ( 2.5 ) 2.1 Important Dosage and Administration Instructions Pregabalin extended-release tablets should be administered once daily after an evening meal. Pregabalin extended-release tablets should be swallowed whole and should not be split, crushed, or chewed. When discontinuing pregabalin extended-release tablets, taper gradually over a minimum of 1 week. Instruct patients that if they miss taking their dose of pregabalin extended-release tablets after an evening meal, then they should take their usual dose of pregabalin extended-release tablets prior to bedtime following a snack. If they miss taking the dose of pregabalin extended-release tablets prior to bedtime, then they should take their usual dose of pregabalin extended-release tablets following a morning meal. If they miss taking the dose of pregabalin extended-release tablets following the morning meal, then they should take their usual dose of pregabalin extended-release tablets at the usual time that evening following an evening meal [see Patient Counseling Information ( 17 )] . 2.2 Neuropathic Pain Associated with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy Begin dosing at 165 mg once daily and increase to 330 mg once daily within 1 week based on individual patient response and tolerability. The maximum recommended dose of pregabalin extended-release tablets is 330 mg once daily. Although pregabalin was studied at 600 mg/day, there was no evidence that this dose conferred additional significant benefit and this dose was less well tolerated. In view of the dose-dependent adverse reactions with pregabalin, treatment with doses above 330 mg/day is not recommended for pregabalin extended-release tablets. 2.3 Postherpetic Neuralgia Begin dosing at 165 mg once daily and increase to 330 mg once daily within 1 week based on individual patient response and tolerability. Patients who do not experience sufficient pain relief following 2 to 4 weeks of treatment with 330 mg once daily and who are able to tolerate pregabalin extended-release tablets, may be treated with up to 660 mg once daily. In view of the dose-dependent adverse reactions and the higher rate of treatment discontinuation due to adverse reactions, dosing above 330 mg/day should be reserved only for those patients who have on-going pain and are tolerating 330 mg daily. The maximum recommended dose of pregabalin extended-release tablets is 660 mg once daily. 2.4 Conversion from Pregabalin Capsules or Oral Solution to Pregabalin Extended-Release Tablets When switching from pregabalin to pregabalin extended-release tablets on the day of the switch, instruct patients to take their morning dose of pregabalin as prescribed and initiate pregabalin extended-release tablets therapy after an evening meal. Table 1. Conversion from Pregabalin Capsules or Oral Solution to Pregabalin Extended-Release Tablets Pregabalin Total Daily Dose (dosed 2 or 3 times daily) Pregabalin Extended-Release Tablets Dose (dosed once a day) 75 mg/daily 82.5 mg/day 150 mg/daily 165 mg/day 225 mg/daily 247.5 mg/day 247.5 mg = 3 × 82.5 mg tablets taken once a day. 300 mg/daily 330 mg/day 450 mg/daily 495 mg/day 495 mg = 3 × 165 mg tablets taken once a day. 600 mg/daily 660 mg/day 660 mg = 2 × 330 mg tablets taken once a day. 2.5 Patients with Renal Impairment Use of pregabalin extended-release tablets is not recommended for patients with creatinine clearance (CLcr) less than 30 mL/min or who are undergoing hemodialysis. Those patients should receive pregabalin. In view of dose-dependent adverse reactions and because pregabalin is eliminated primarily by renal excretion, adjust the dose in patients with reduced renal function. Base the dose adjustment in patients with renal impairment on CLcr, as indicated in Table 2. To use the dosing tables, an estimate of the patient's CLcr in mL/min is needed. CLcr in mL/min may be estimated from serum creatinine (mg/dL) determination using the Cockcroft and Gault equation: Next, refer to the Dosage and Administration section to determine the recommended total daily dose based on indication, for a patient with normal renal function (CLcr greater than or equal to 60 mL/min). Then refer to Table 2 to determine the corresponding renal adjusted dose. (For example: A patient initiating pregabalin extended-release tablets therapy for postherpetic neuralgia with normal renal function [CLcr greater than or equal to 60 mL/min], receives a single daily dose of 165 mg/day pregabalin. Therefore, a renal impaired patient with a CLcr of 50 mL/min would receive a single daily dose of 82.5 mg.) Table 2. Pregabalin Extended-Release Tablets Dosage Adjustment Based on Renal Function Creatinine Clearance (CLcr) (mL/min) Total Pregabalin Extended-Release Tablets Daily Dose (mg/day) Dose Regimen greater than or equal to 60 165 330 495 495 mg = 3 × 165 mg tablets taken once a day. 660 660 mg = 2 × 330 mg tablets taken once a day. Once a day 30–60 82.5 165 247.5 247.5 mg = 3 × 82.5 mg tablets taken once a day. 330 Once a day less than 30/hemodialysis Dose with Pregabalin
| Indication | Dosing Regimen | Initial Dose | Maximum Dose |
|---|---|---|---|
| DPN Pain ( | Single dose per day | 165 mg/day | 330 mg/day within 1 week. |
| PHN ( | Single dose per day | 165 mg/day | 330 mg/day within 1 week. Maximum dose of 660 mg/day. |
| Pregabalin Total Daily Dose (dosed 2 or 3 times daily) | Pregabalin Extended-Release Tablets Dose (dosed once a day) |
|---|---|
| 75 mg/daily | 82.5 mg/day |
| 150 mg/daily | 165 mg/day |
| 225 mg/daily | 247.5 mg/day |
| 300 mg/daily | 330 mg/day |
| 450 mg/daily | 495 mg/day |
| 600 mg/daily | 660 mg/day |
| Creatinine Clearance (CLcr) (mL/min) | Total Pregabalin Extended-Release Tablets Daily Dose (mg/day) | Dose Regimen | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| greater than or equal to 60 | 165 | 330 | 495 | 660 | Once a day |
| 30–60 | 82.5 | 165 | 247.5 | 330 | Once a day |
| less than 30/hemodialysis | Dose with Pregabalin | ||||
Dosage forms and strengths
Information about all available dosage forms and strengths for the drug product to which the labeling applies. This field may contain descriptions of product appearance.3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS Extended-release tablets: 82.5 mg, 165 mg, and 330 mg [see Description ( 11 ) and How Supplied/Storage and Handling ( 16 )] . Pregabalin Extended-Release Tablets Tablet Strength (mg) Tablet Description 82.5 mg White, oval-shaped, film-coated tablets, “ALV 379” imprinted in black ink on one side, blank on the other side. 165 mg Yellow, oval-shaped, film-coated tablets, “ALV 380” imprinted in black ink on one side, blank on the other side. 330 mg Pink, oval-shaped, film-coated tablets, “ALV 381” imprinted in black ink on one side, blank on the other side. Extended-release tablets: 82.5 mg, 165 mg, and 330 mg. ( 3 )
| Pregabalin Extended-Release Tablets | |
|---|---|
| Tablet Strength (mg) | Tablet Description |
| 82.5 mg | White, oval-shaped, film-coated tablets, “ALV 379” imprinted in black ink on one side, blank on the other side. |
| 165 mg | |
| 330 mg | Pink, oval-shaped, film-coated tablets, “ALV 381” imprinted in black ink on one side, blank on the other side. |
Indications and usage
A statement of each of the drug products indications for use, such as for the treatment, prevention, mitigation, cure, or diagnosis of a disease or condition, or of a manifestation of a recognized disease or condition, or for the relief of symptoms associated with a recognized disease or condition. This field may also describe any relevant limitations of use.1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Pregabalin extended-release tablets are indicated for the management of: Neuropathic pain associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy Postherpetic neuralgia Efficacy of pregabalin extended-release tablets has not been established for the management of fibromyalgia or as adjunctive therapy for adult patients with partial onset seizures. Pregabalin extended-release tablets are indicated for the management of: Neuropathic pain associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) ( 1 ) Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) ( 1 ) Efficacy of pregabalin extended-release tablets has not been established for the management of fibromyalgia or as adjunctive therapy for adult patients with partial onset seizures.
Spl product data elements
Usually a list of ingredients in a drug product.Pregabalin Extended Release PREGABALIN PREGABALIN PREGABALIN DIMETHYLAMINOETHYL METHACRYLATE - BUTYL METHACRYLATE - METHYL METHACRYLATE COPOLYMER SILICON DIOXIDE CROSPOVIDONE HYDROXYPROPYL CELLULOSE (90000 WAMW) HYPROMELLOSE 2208 (15000 MPA.S) HYPROMELLOSE 2208 (100 MPA.S) MAGNESIUM STEARATE AMMONIA FERROSOFERRIC OXIDE ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL BUTYL ALCOHOL SHELLAC POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL, UNSPECIFIED POLYVINYL ALCOHOL, UNSPECIFIED TALC TITANIUM DIOXIDE PROPYLENE GLYCOL ALV;379 Pregabalin Extended Release PREGABALIN PREGABALIN PREGABALIN DIMETHYLAMINOETHYL METHACRYLATE - BUTYL METHACRYLATE - METHYL METHACRYLATE COPOLYMER SILICON DIOXIDE CROSPOVIDONE HYDROXYPROPYL CELLULOSE (90000 WAMW) HYPROMELLOSE 2208 (100 MPA.S) MAGNESIUM STEARATE AMMONIA FERROSOFERRIC OXIDE ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL BUTYL ALCOHOL SHELLAC POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL, UNSPECIFIED POLYVINYL ALCOHOL, UNSPECIFIED TALC TITANIUM DIOXIDE PROPYLENE GLYCOL FERRIC OXIDE YELLOW FERRIC OXIDE RED HYPROMELLOSE 2208 (15000 MPA.S) ALV;380 Pregabalin Extended Release PREGABALIN PREGABALIN PREGABALIN DIMETHYLAMINOETHYL METHACRYLATE - BUTYL METHACRYLATE - METHYL METHACRYLATE COPOLYMER SILICON DIOXIDE CROSPOVIDONE HYDROXYPROPYL CELLULOSE (90000 WAMW) HYPROMELLOSE 2208 (100 MPA.S) HYPROMELLOSE 2208 (15000 MPA.S) MAGNESIUM STEARATE AMMONIA FERROSOFERRIC OXIDE ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL BUTYL ALCOHOL SHELLAC POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL, UNSPECIFIED POLYVINYL ALCOHOL, UNSPECIFIED TALC TITANIUM DIOXIDE PROPYLENE GLYCOL FERRIC OXIDE RED ALV;381 structure equation figure1 f2-82-5mg-lbl f2-165mg-lbl f2-330mg-lbl
Animal pharmacology and or toxicology
Information from studies of the drug in animals, if the data were not relevant to nor included in other parts of the labeling. Most labels do not contain this field.13.2 Animal Toxicology and/or Pharmacology Dermatopathy Skin lesions ranging from erythema to necrosis were seen in repeated-dose toxicology studies in both rats and monkeys. The etiology of these skin lesions is unknown. At the MRD of 660 mg/day, there is a 2-fold safety margin for the dermatological lesions. The more severe dermatopathies involving necrosis were associated with pregabalin exposures (as expressed by plasma AUCs) of approximately 3 to 8 times those achieved in humans given the MRD. No increase in incidence of skin lesions was observed in clinical studies. Ocular Lesions Ocular lesions (characterized by retinal atrophy [including loss of photoreceptor cells] and/or corneal inflammation/mineralization) were observed in 2 lifetime carcinogenicity studies in Wistar rats. These findings were observed at plasma pregabalin exposures (AUC) greater than or equal to 2 times those achieved in humans given the maximum recommended dose of 660 mg/day. A no-effect dose for ocular lesions was not established. Similar lesions were not observed in lifetime carcinogenicity studies in 2 strains of mice or in monkeys treated for 1 year.
Carcinogenesis and mutagenesis and impairment of fertility
Information about carcinogenic, mutagenic, or fertility impairment potential revealed by studies in animals. Information from human data about such potential is part of the warnings field.13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility Carcinogenesis A dose-dependent increase in the incidence of malignant vascular tumors (hemangiosarcomas) was observed in 2 strains of mice (B6C3F1 and CD-1) given pregabalin (200, 1000, or 5000 mg/kg) in the diet for 2 years. Plasma pregabalin exposure (AUC) in mice receiving the lowest dose that increased hemangiosarcomas was approximately equal to the human exposure at the maximum recommended human dose (MRD) of 660 mg/day. A no-effect dose for induction of hemangiosarcomas in mice was not established. No evidence of carcinogenicity was seen in 2 studies in Wistar rats following dietary administration of pregabalin for 2 years at doses (50, 150, or 450 mg/kg in males and 100, 300, or 900 mg/kg in females) that were associated with plasma exposures in males and females up to approximately 15 and 26 times, respectively, human exposure at the MRD. Mutagenesis Pregabalin was not mutagenic in bacteria or in mammalian cells in vitro , was not clastogenic in mammalian systems in vitro and in vivo , and did not induce unscheduled DNA synthesis in mouse or rat hepatocytes. Impairment of Fertility In fertility studies in which male rats were orally administered pregabalin (50 to 2500 mg/kg) prior to and during mating with untreated females, a number of adverse reproductive and developmental effects were observed. These included decreased sperm counts and sperm motility, increased sperm abnormalities, reduced fertility, increased preimplantation embryo loss, decreased litter size, decreased fetal body weights, and an increased incidence of fetal abnormalities. Effects on sperm and fertility parameters were reversible in studies of this duration (3 to 4 months). The no-effect dose for male reproductive toxicity in these studies (100 mg/kg) was associated with a plasma pregabalin exposure (AUC) approximately 4 times human exposure at the MRD of 660 mg/day. In addition, adverse reactions on reproductive organ (testes, epididymides) histopathology were observed in male rats exposed to pregabalin (500 to 1250 mg/kg) in general toxicology studies of 4 weeks or greater duration. The no-effect dose for male reproductive organ histopathology in rats (250 mg/kg) was associated with a plasma exposure approximately 10 times human exposure at the MRD. In a fertility study in which female rats were given pregabalin (500, 1250, or 2500 mg/kg) orally prior to and during mating and early gestation, disrupted estrous cyclicity and an increased number of days to mating were seen at all doses, and embryolethality occurred at the highest dose. The low dose in this study produced a plasma exposure approximately 10 times that in humans receiving the MRD. A no-effect dose for female reproductive toxicity in rats was not established.
Nonclinical toxicology
Information about toxicology in non-human subjects.13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY 13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility Carcinogenesis A dose-dependent increase in the incidence of malignant vascular tumors (hemangiosarcomas) was observed in 2 strains of mice (B6C3F1 and CD-1) given pregabalin (200, 1000, or 5000 mg/kg) in the diet for 2 years. Plasma pregabalin exposure (AUC) in mice receiving the lowest dose that increased hemangiosarcomas was approximately equal to the human exposure at the maximum recommended human dose (MRD) of 660 mg/day. A no-effect dose for induction of hemangiosarcomas in mice was not established. No evidence of carcinogenicity was seen in 2 studies in Wistar rats following dietary administration of pregabalin for 2 years at doses (50, 150, or 450 mg/kg in males and 100, 300, or 900 mg/kg in females) that were associated with plasma exposures in males and females up to approximately 15 and 26 times, respectively, human exposure at the MRD. Mutagenesis Pregabalin was not mutagenic in bacteria or in mammalian cells in vitro , was not clastogenic in mammalian systems in vitro and in vivo , and did not induce unscheduled DNA synthesis in mouse or rat hepatocytes. Impairment of Fertility In fertility studies in which male rats were orally administered pregabalin (50 to 2500 mg/kg) prior to and during mating with untreated females, a number of adverse reproductive and developmental effects were observed. These included decreased sperm counts and sperm motility, increased sperm abnormalities, reduced fertility, increased preimplantation embryo loss, decreased litter size, decreased fetal body weights, and an increased incidence of fetal abnormalities. Effects on sperm and fertility parameters were reversible in studies of this duration (3 to 4 months). The no-effect dose for male reproductive toxicity in these studies (100 mg/kg) was associated with a plasma pregabalin exposure (AUC) approximately 4 times human exposure at the MRD of 660 mg/day. In addition, adverse reactions on reproductive organ (testes, epididymides) histopathology were observed in male rats exposed to pregabalin (500 to 1250 mg/kg) in general toxicology studies of 4 weeks or greater duration. The no-effect dose for male reproductive organ histopathology in rats (250 mg/kg) was associated with a plasma exposure approximately 10 times human exposure at the MRD. In a fertility study in which female rats were given pregabalin (500, 1250, or 2500 mg/kg) orally prior to and during mating and early gestation, disrupted estrous cyclicity and an increased number of days to mating were seen at all doses, and embryolethality occurred at the highest dose. The low dose in this study produced a plasma exposure approximately 10 times that in humans receiving the MRD. A no-effect dose for female reproductive toxicity in rats was not established. 13.2 Animal Toxicology and/or Pharmacology Dermatopathy Skin lesions ranging from erythema to necrosis were seen in repeated-dose toxicology studies in both rats and monkeys. The etiology of these skin lesions is unknown. At the MRD of 660 mg/day, there is a 2-fold safety margin for the dermatological lesions. The more severe dermatopathies involving necrosis were associated with pregabalin exposures (as expressed by plasma AUCs) of approximately 3 to 8 times those achieved in humans given the MRD. No increase in incidence of skin lesions was observed in clinical studies. Ocular Lesions Ocular lesions (characterized by retinal atrophy [including loss of photoreceptor cells] and/or corneal inflammation/mineralization) were observed in 2 lifetime carcinogenicity studies in Wistar rats. These findings were observed at plasma pregabalin exposures (AUC) greater than or equal to 2 times those achieved in humans given the maximum recommended dose of 660 mg/day. A no-effect dose for ocular lesions was not established. Similar lesions were not observed in lifetime carcinogenicity studies in 2 strains of mice or in monkeys treated for 1 year.
Package label principal display panel
The content of the principal display panel of the product package, usually including the product’s name, dosage forms, and other key information about the drug product.PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 82.5 mg Bottle Label NDC 47781- 379 -30 Pregabalin CV Extended-Release Tablets 82.5 mg PHARMACIST: Dispense the accompanying Medication Guide to each patient. Rx only 30 Tablets
PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 165 mg Bottle Label NDC 47781 -380- 30 Pregabalin CV Extended-Release Tablets 165 mg PHARMACIST: Dispense the accompanying Medication Guide to each patient. Rx only 30 Tablets
PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 330 mg Bottle Label NDC 47781- 381 -30 Pregabalin CV Extended-Release Tablets 330 mg PHARMACIST: Dispense the accompanying Medication Guide to each patient. Rx only 30 Tablets
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Information not classified as belonging to one of the other fields. Approximately 40% of labeling with effective_time between June 2009 and August 2014 have information in this field.Distributed by: Alvogen, Inc. Morristown, NJ 07960 USA PI379-01 Revised: 08/2024
Pregabalin Extended Release: Information for patients
Information necessary for patients to use the drug safely and effectively, such as precautions concerning driving or the concomitant use of other substances that may have harmful additive effects.17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION Advise the patient to read the FDA-approved patient labeling ( Medication Guide ). Angioedema Advise patients that pregabalin may cause angioedema, with swelling of the face, mouth (lip, gum, tongue) and neck (larynx and pharynx) that can lead to life-threatening respiratory compromise. Instruct patients to discontinue pregabalin extended-release tablets and immediately seek medical care if they experience these symptoms [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 )] . Hypersensitivity Advise patients that pregabalin extended-release tablets has been associated with hypersensitivity reactions such as skin redness, blisters, hives, rash, dyspnea, and wheezing. Instruct patients to discontinue pregabalin extended-release tablets and immediately seek medical care if they experience these symptoms [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 )] . Suicidal Thinking and Behavior Counsel patients, their caregivers, and families that AEDs, including pregabalin, the active ingredient in pregabalin extended-release tablets, may increase the risk of suicidal thoughts and behavior and should be advised of the need to be alert for the emergence or worsening of symptoms of depression, any unusual changes in mood or behavior, or the emergence of suicidal thoughts, behavior, or thoughts about self-harm. Instruct patients, caregivers, and families to report behaviors of concern immediately to a healthcare provider [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.3 )] . Respiratory Depression Inform patients about the risk of respiratory depression. Include information that the risk is greatest for those using concomitant central nervous system (CNS) depressants (such as opioid analgesics) or in those with underlying respiratory impairment. Teach patients how to recognize respiratory depression and advise them to seek medical attention immediately if it occurs [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.4 )] . Dizziness and Somnolence Inform patients that pregabalin extended-release tablets may cause dizziness, somnolence, blurred vision, and other CNS signs and symptoms. Accordingly, advise patients not to drive, operate complex machinery, or engage in other hazardous activities until they have gained sufficient experience on pregabalin extended-release tablets to gauge whether or not it affects their mental, visual, and/or motor performance adversely [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.5 )] . CNS Depressants Inform patients who require concomitant treatment with central nervous system depressants such as opiates or benzodiazepines that they may experience additive CNS side effects, such as respiratory depression, somnolence, and dizziness [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.4 , 5.5 ) and Drug Interactions ( 7 )] . Advise patients to avoid consuming alcohol while taking pregabalin extended-release tablets, as pregabalin extended-release tablets may potentiate the impairment of motor skills and sedating effects of alcohol [see Drug Interactions ( 7 )] . Abrupt or Rapid Discontinuation Advise patients to take pregabalin extended-release tablets as prescribed. Abrupt or rapid discontinuation may result in insomnia, nausea, headache, anxiety, or diarrhea. Advise patients with seizure disorders that abrupt or rapid discontinuation may increase seizure frequency [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.6 )] . Missed Dose Instruct patients that if they miss taking their dose of pregabalin extended-release tablets after an evening meal, then they should take their usual dose of pregabalin extended-release tablets prior to bedtime following a snack. If they miss taking the dose of pregabalin extended-release tablets prior to bedtime, then they should take their usual dose of pregabalin extended-release tablets following a morning meal. If they miss taking the dose of pregabalin extended-release tablets following the morning meal, then they should take their usual dose of pregabalin extended-release tablets at the usual time that evening following an evening meal. Weight Gain and Edema Inform patients that pregabalin extended-release tablets may cause edema and weight gain. Advise patients that concomitant treatment with pregabalin extended-release tablets and a thiazolidinedione antidiabetic agent may lead to an additive effect on edema and weight gain. Advise patients with preexisting cardiac conditions that this may increase the risk of heart failure [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.7 , 5.8 )] . Ophthalmological Effects Counsel patients that pregabalin extended-release tablets may cause visual disturbances. Inform patients that if changes in vision occur, they should notify their physician [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.10 )] . Creatine Kinase Elevations Instruct patients to promptly report unexplained muscle pain, tenderness, or weakness, particularly if accompanied by malaise or fever [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.11 )] . Use in Pregnancy Advise pregnant patients to enroll in the North American Antiepileptic Drug (NAAED) Pregnancy Registry [see Use in Specific Populations ( 8.1 )] . Lactation Advise nursing mothers that breastfeeding is not recommended during treatment with pregabalin extended-release tablets [see Use in Specific Populations ( 8.2 )] . Male Fertility Inform men being treated with pregabalin extended-release tablets who plan to father a child of the potential risk of male-mediated teratogenicity [see Nonclinical Toxicology ( 13.1 ) and Use in Specific Populations ( 8.3 )] . Dermatopathy Instruct diabetic patients to pay particular attention to skin integrity while being treated with pregabalin extended-release tablets [see Nonclinical Toxicology ( 13.2 )] .
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Information about the patient medication guide that accompanies the drug product. Certain drugs must be dispensed with an accompanying medication guide. This field may contain information about when to consult the medication guide and the contents of the medication guide.MEDICATION GUIDE Pregabalin (pree gab’ a lin) Extended-Release Tablets, CV This Medication Guide has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Issued: 08/2024 PL379-01 Read this Medication Guide before you start taking pregabalin extended-release tablets and each time you get a refill. There may be new information. This information does not take the place of talking to your healthcare provider about your medical condition or treatment. If you have any questions about pregabalin extended-release tablets, ask your healthcare provider or pharmacist. What is the most important information I should know about pregabalin extended-release tablets? Pregabalin extended-release tablets may cause serious side effects including: Serious, even life-threatening, allergic reactions Suicidal thoughts or actions Serious breathing problems Swelling of your hands, legs and feet Dizziness and sleepiness These serious side effects are described below: Serious, even life-threatening, allergic reactions. Stop taking pregabalin extended-release tablets and call your healthcare provider right away if you have any of these signs of a serious allergic reaction: swelling of your face, mouth, lips, gums, tongue, throat, or neck trouble breathing rash, hives (raised bumps), or blisters skin redness Pregabalin extended-release tablets may cause suicidal thoughts or actions in a very small number of people, about 1 in 500. Call a healthcare provider right away if you have any of these symptoms, especially if they are new, worse, or worry you: thoughts about suicide or dying attempts to commit suicide trouble sleeping (insomnia) new or worse irritability new or worse depression new or worse anxiety feeling agitated or restless panic attacks acting aggressive, being angry, or violent acting on dangerous impulses an extreme increase in activity and talking (mania) other unusual changes in behavior or mood If you have suicidal thoughts or actions, do not stop pregabalin extended-release tablets without first talking to a healthcare provider. Stopping pregabalin extended-release tablets suddenly can cause serious problems. Suicidal thoughts or actions can be caused by things other than medicines. If you have suicidal thoughts or actions, your healthcare provider may check for other causes. How can I watch for early symptoms of suicidal thoughts and actions? Pay attention to any changes, especially sudden changes, in mood, behaviors, thoughts, or feelings. Keep all follow-up visits with your healthcare provider as scheduled. Call your healthcare provider between visits as needed, especially if you are worried about symptoms. Serious breathing problems can occur when pregabalin is taken with other medicines that can cause severe sleepiness or decreased awareness, or when it is taken by someone who already has breathing problems. Watch for increased sleepiness or decreased breathing when starting pregabalin or when the dose is increased. Get help right away if breathing problems occur. Swelling of your hands, legs and feet . This swelling can be a serious problem for people with heart problems. Dizziness and sleepiness. Do not drive a car, work with machines, or do other dangerous activities until you know how pregabalin extended-release tablets affects you. Ask your healthcare provider about when it will be okay to do these activities. What are pregabalin extended-release tablets? Pregabalin extended-release tablets are a prescription medicine used to treat: pain from damaged nerves (neuropathic pain) that happens with diabetes pain from damaged nerves (neuropathic pain) that follows healing of shingles It is not known if pregabalin extended-release tablets are safe and effective in children. It is not known if pregabalin extended-release tablets are effective when used for the treatment of fibromyalgia, or when taken with other seizure medicines for adults with partial onset seizures. Who Should Not Take Pregabalin Extended-Release Tablets? Do not take pregabalin extended-release tablets if you are allergic to pregabalin or any of the ingredients in pregabalin extended-release tablets. See "What is the most important information I should know about pregabalin extended-release tablets?" for the signs of an allergic reaction. See the end of this leaflet for a complete list of ingredients in pregabalin extended-release tablets. What should I tell my healthcare provider before taking pregabalin extended-release tablets? Before taking pregabalin extended-release tablets, tell your healthcare provider about all your medical conditions, including if you: have or have had depression, mood problems or suicidal thoughts or behavior have breathing problems have kidney problems or get kidney dialysis have heart problems including heart failure have a bleeding problem or a low blood platelet count have abused prescription medicines, street drugs, or alcohol in the past have ever had swelling of your face, mouth, tongue, lips, gums, neck, or throat (angioedema) plan to father a child. Animal studies have shown that pregabalin, the active ingredient in pregabalin extended-release tablets, made male animals less fertile and caused sperm to change. Also, in animal studies, birth defects were seen in the offspring (babies) of male animals treated with pregabalin. It is not known if these problems can happen in people who take pregabalin extended-release tablets. are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. It is not known if pregabalin extended-release tablets will harm your unborn baby. You and your healthcare provider will have to decide if you should take pregabalin extended-release tablets while you are pregnant. If you become pregnant while taking pregabalin extended-release tablets, talk to your healthcare provider about registering with the North American Antiepileptic Drug Pregnancy Registry. You can enroll in this registry by calling 1-888-233-2334. The purpose of this registry is to collect information about the safety of antiepileptic drugs, including pregabalin, the active ingredient in pregabalin extended-release tablets. Information about the registry can be found at the website, http://www.aedpregnancyregistry.org/. are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. Pregabalin passes into your breast milk. It is not known if pregabalin extended-release tablets can harm your baby. Talk to your healthcare provider about the best way to feed your baby if you take pregabalin extended-release tablets. Breastfeeding is not recommended while taking pregabalin extended-release tablets. Tell your healthcare provider about all the medicines you take , including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins or herbal supplements. Pregabalin extended-release tablets and other medicines may affect each other causing side effects. Especially tell your healthcare provider if you take: angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, which are used to treat many conditions, including high blood pressure. You may have a higher chance for swelling and hives if these medicines are taken with pregabalin extended-release tablets. See "What is the most important information I should know about pregabalin extended-release tablets?" Avandia (rosiglitazone), Avandamet (contains rosiglitazone and metformin), or Actos (pioglitazone) for diabetes. You may have a higher chance of weight gain or swelling of your hands or feet if these medicines are taken with pregabalin extended-release tablets. See "What are the possible side effects of pregabalin extended-release tablets." any opioid pain medicine (such as oxycodone), or medicines for anxiety (such as lorazepam) or insomnia (such as zolpidem). You may have a higher chance for dizziness, sleepiness or serious breathing problems if these medicines are taken with pregabalin extended-release tablets. any medicines that make you sleepy Know the medicines you take. Keep a list of them with you to show your healthcare provider and pharmacist each time you get a new medicine. Do not start a new medicine without talking with your healthcare provider. How should I take pregabalin extended-release tablets? Take pregabalin extended-release tablets exactly as prescribed. Your healthcare provider will tell you how much pregabalin extended-release tablets to take and when to take it. Take pregabalin extended-release tablets at the same time each day. Pregabalin extended-release tablets must be taken after your evening meal. Swallow the tablet whole and do not split, crush or chew the tablet. Your healthcare provider may change your dose. Do not change your dose without talking to your healthcare provider. Do not stop taking pregabalin extended-release tablets without talking to your healthcare provider. If you stop taking pregabalin extended-release tablets suddenly you may have headaches, nausea, diarrhea, trouble sleeping, or you may feel anxious. If you have epilepsy, are taking pregabalin extended-release tablets for pain, and stop taking pregabalin extended-release tablets suddenly, you may have seizures more often. Talk with your healthcare provider about how to stop pregabalin extended-release tablets slowly. If you miss a dose after your evening meal, take it prior to bedtime following a snack. If you miss the dose prior to bedtime, then take it following your morning meal. If you do not take the dose the following morning, then take the next dose at your regular time after your evening meal. Do not take 2 doses at the same time. If you take too much pregabalin extended-release tablets, call your healthcare provider or poison control center, or go to the nearest emergency room right away. What should I avoid while taking pregabalin extended-release tablets? Do not drive a car, work with machines, or do other dangerous activities until you know how pregabalin extended-release tablets affects you. Do not drink alcohol while taking pregabalin extended-release tablets. Pregabalin extended-release tablets and alcohol can affect each other and increase side effects such as sleepiness and dizziness. What are the possible side effects of pregabalin extended-release tablets? Pregabalin extended-release tablets may cause serious side effects, including: muscle problems, muscle pain, soreness, or weakness . If you have these symptoms, especially if you feel sick and have a fever, tell your healthcare provider right away. problems with your eyesight, including blurry vision. Call your healthcare provider if you have any changes in your eyesight. weight gain. If you have diabetes, weight gain may affect the management of your diabetes. Weight gain can also be a serious problem for people with heart problems. Feeling "high" The most common side effects of pregabalin extended-release tablets are: dizziness blurry vision weight gain sleepiness fatigue (tiredness) swelling of hands and feet dry mouth nausea Pregabalin extended-release tablets caused skin sores in animal studies. Skin sores did not happen in studies in people. If you have diabetes, you should pay attention to your skin while taking pregabalin extended-release tablets and tell your healthcare provider about any sores or skin problems. Tell your healthcare provider about any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away. These are not all the possible side effects of pregabalin extended-release tablets. For more information, ask your healthcare provider or pharmacist. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088. How should I store pregabalin extended-release tablets? Store pregabalin extended-release tablets at room temperature between 68°F to 77°F (20°C to 25°C) in its original package. Safely throw away any pregabalin extended-release tablets that is out of date or no longer needed. Keep pregabalin extended-release tablets and all medicines out of the reach of children. General information about the safe and effective use of pregabalin extended-release tablets. Medicines are sometimes prescribed for purposes other than those listed in a Medication Guide. Do not use pregabalin extended-release tablets for a condition for which it was not prescribed. Do not give pregabalin extended-release tablets to other people, even if they have the same symptoms you have. It may harm them. You can ask your pharmacists or healthcare provider for information about pregabalin extended-release tablets that is written for health professionals. You can also call Alvogen, Inc. at 1-866-770-3024. What are the ingredients in pregabalin extended-release tablets? Active ingredient: pregabalin Inactive ingredients : amino methacrylate copolymer, colloidal silicon dioxide, crospovidone, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hypromellose, and magnesium stearate. The monogramming ink is comprised of ammonium hydroxide, black iron oxide, isopropyl alcohol, N-butyl alcohol, propylene glycol and shellac glaze. The 82.5 mg tablets also contain macrogol, polyvinyl alcohol, talc, and titanium dioxide. The 165 mg tablets also contain iron oxide yellow, iron oxide red, macrogol, polyvinyl alcohol, talc, and titanium dioxide. The 330 mg tablets also contain ferrosoferric oxide, iron oxide red, macrogol, polyvinyl alcohol, talc, and titanium dioxide. Distributed by: Alvogen, Inc. Morristown, NJ 07960 USA
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| Pregabalin extended-release tablets caused skin sores in animal studies. Skin sores did not happen in studies in people. If you have diabetes, you should pay attention to your skin while taking pregabalin extended-release tablets and tell your healthcare provider about any sores or skin problems. Tell your healthcare provider about any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away. These are not all the possible side effects of pregabalin extended-release tablets. For more information, ask your healthcare provider or pharmacist. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088. | |||
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Clinical studies
This field may contain references to clinical studies in place of detailed discussion in other sections of the labeling.14 CLINICAL STUDIES 14.1 Management of Postherpetic Neuralgia (Study PHN CR) Support for efficacy of pregabalin extended-release tablets for the management of PHN and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) was based on the efficacy of pregabalin for these indications along with an adequate and well-controlled study in adults with PHN. This 19-week randomized withdrawal study compared daily doses of pregabalin extended-release tablets 82.5 mg, 165 mg, 247.5 mg, 330 mg, 495 mg, or 660 mg with placebo. Those enrolled were required to have pain present for more than 3 months after healing of the herpes zoster skin rash and a baseline pain score of greater than or equal to 4 on the numeric rating scale (NRS)-Pain (assessed over a 1 week recall period). The baseline mean pain scores were 6.83 for pregabalin extended-release tablets-treated patients vs. 6.85 for placebo-treated patients. A total of 82.4% of patients completed the single-blind phase of the study. Patients were considered responders if they had at least a 50% reduction in pain in the single-blind phase. Those who responded to treatment were then randomized in the double-blind phase to treatment with either the pregabalin extended-release tablets dose achieved in the single-blind phase or placebo. Patients were treated for up to 3 months following randomization. A total of 87.5% of pregabalin extended-release tablets-treated patients and 78% of placebo-treated patients completed the double-blind phase of the study. Pregabalin extended-release tablets treatment demonstrated statistically significant improvement in the endpoint change in mean pain score from baseline compared to placebo. For a range of levels of improvement in pain intensity from baseline to study endpoint, Figure 1 shows the fraction of patients achieving that degree of improvement. The figure is cumulative, so that patients whose change from baseline is, for example, 50%, are also included at every level of improvement below 50%. Patients who did not complete the study were assigned 0% improvement. In the pregabalin extended-release tablets group, 79.8% of subjects achieved at least a 30% improvement and 73.6% at least 50% improvement in pain intensity. In the placebo group, 64.9% of subjects achieved at least a 30% improvement and 54.6% at least a 50% improvement in pain intensity. Figure 1. Percent of Patients Achieving Various Levels of Improvement in Pain Intensity (N=413) 14.2 Management of Fibromyalgia (Study FM CR) A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized withdrawal trial of pregabalin extended-release tablets in adults with fibromyalgia failed to demonstrate efficacy. 14.3 Adjunctive Therapy for Adult Patients with Partial Onset Seizures A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial of pregabalin extended-release tablets as adjunctive therapy in adults with partial onset seizures failed to demonstrate efficacy.
Geriatric use
Information about any limitations on any geriatric indications, needs for specific monitoring, hazards associated with use of the drug in the geriatric population.8.5 Geriatric Use In controlled clinical studies of pregabalin in neuropathic pain associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy, 246 patients were 65 to 74 years of age, and 73 patients were 75 years of age or older. In controlled clinical studies of pregabalin in neuropathic pain associated with postherpetic neuralgia, 282 patients were 65 to 74 years of age, and 379 patients were 75 years of age or older. In the pregabalin extended-release tablets neuropathic pain associated with postherpetic neuralgia study, 422 patients 65 years of age and older received pregabalin. No overall differences in safety and effectiveness were observed between these patients and younger patients, and other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients, but greater sensitivity of some older individuals cannot be ruled out. Pregabalin is known to be substantially excreted by the kidney, and the risk of adverse reactions to this drug may be greater in patients with impaired renal function. Because elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, care should be taken in dose selection, and it may be useful to monitor renal function. See Dosage and Administration ( 2.5 ) for recommendations for dosing in patients with renal impairment .
Pediatric use
Information about any limitations on any pediatric indications, needs for specific monitoring, hazards associated with use of the drug in any subsets of the pediatric population (such as neonates, infants, children, or adolescents), differences between pediatric and adult responses to the drug, and other information related to the safe and effective pediatric use of the drug.8.4 Pediatric Use The safety and effectiveness of pregabalin extended-release tablets in pediatric patients have not been established. Juvenile Animal Toxicity Data In studies in which pregabalin (50 to 500 mg/kg) was orally administered to young rats from early in the postnatal period (Postnatal Day 7) through sexual maturity, neurobehavioral abnormalities (deficits in learning and memory, altered locomotor activity, decreased auditory startle responding and habituation) and reproductive impairment (delayed sexual maturation and decreased fertility in males and females) were observed at doses greater than or equal to 50 mg/kg. The neurobehavioral changes of acoustic startle persisted at greater than or equal to 250 mg/kg and locomotor activity and water maze performance at greater than or equal to 500 mg/kg in animals tested after cessation of dosing and, thus, were considered to represent long-term effects. The low effect dose for developmental neurotoxicity and reproductive impairment in juvenile rats (50 mg/kg) was associated with a plasma pregabalin exposure (AUC) approximately equal to human exposure at the maximum recommended dose of 660 mg/day. A no-effect dose was not established.
Pregnancy
Information about effects the drug may have on pregnant women or on a fetus. This field may be ommitted if the drug is not absorbed systemically and the drug is not known to have a potential for indirect harm to the fetus. It may contain information about the established pregnancy category classification for the drug. (That information is nominally listed in the teratogenic_effects field, but may be listed here instead.)8.1 Pregnancy Pregnancy Exposure Registry There is a pregnancy exposure registry that monitors pregnancy outcomes in women exposed to pregabalin during pregnancy. To provide information regarding the effects of in utero exposure to pregabalin extended-release tablets, physicians are advised to recommend that pregnant patients taking pregabalin extended-release tablets enroll in the North American Antiepileptic Drug (NAAED) Pregnancy Registry. This can be done by calling the toll free number 1-888-233-2334, and must be done by patients themselves. Information on the registry can also be found at the website http://www.aedpregnancyregistry.org/. Risk Summary Observational studies on the use of pregabalin during pregnancy suggest a possible small increase in the rate of overall major birth defects, but there was no consistent or specific pattern of major birth defects identified (see Data) . Available postmarketing data on miscarriage and other maternal, fetal, and long term developmental adverse effects were insufficient to identify risk associated with pregabalin. In animal reproduction studies, increased incidences of fetal structural abnormalities and other manifestations of developmental toxicity, including skeletal malformations, retarded ossification, and decreased fetal body weight were observed in the offspring of rats and rabbits given pregabalin orally during organogenesis, at doses that produced plasma pregabalin exposures (AUC) greater than or equal to 18 times human exposure at the maximum recommended dose (MRD) of 660 mg/day (see Data) . In an animal development study, lethality, growth retardation, and nervous and reproductive system functional impairment were observed in the offspring of rats given pregabalin during gestation and lactation. The no-effect dose for developmental toxicity was approximately twice the human exposure at MRD. The background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated populations are unknown. However, the background risk in the U.S. general population of major birth defects is 2% to 4% and of miscarriage is 15% to 20% of clinically recognized pregnancies. Data Human Data One database study, which included over 2,700 pregnancies exposed to pregabalin (monotherapy) during the first trimester compared to 3,063,251 pregnancies unexposed to antiepileptics demonstrated prevalence ratios for major malformations overall of 1.14 (CI 95% 0.96 to 1.35) for pregabalin, 1.29 (CI 95% 1.01 to 1.65) for lamotrigine, 1.39 (CI 95% 1.07 to 1.82) for duloxetine, and 1.24 (CI 95% 1.00 to 1.54) for exposure to either lamotrigine or duloxetine. Important study limitations include uncertainty of whether women who filled a prescription took the medication and inability to adequately control for the underlying disease and other potential confounders. A published study included results from two separate databases. One database, which included 353 pregnancies exposed to pregabalin (monotherapy) during the first trimester compared to 368,489 pregnancies unexposed to antiepileptics, showed no increase in risk of major birth defects; adjusted relative risk 0.87 (CI 95% 0.53 to 1.42). The second database, which included 118 pregnancies exposed to pregabalin (monotherapy) during the first trimester compared to 380,347 pregnancies unexposed to antiepileptics, suggested a small increase in risk of major birth defects; adjusted relative risk 1.26 (CI 95% 0.64 to 2.49). The risk estimates crossed the null, and the study had limitations similar to the prior study. Other published epidemiologic studies reported inconsistent findings. No specific pattern of birth defects was identified across studies. All of the studies had limitations due to their retrospective design. Animal Data When pregnant rats were given pregabalin (500, 1250, or 2500 mg/kg) orally throughout the period of organogenesis, incidences of specific skull alterations attributed to abnormally advanced ossification (premature fusion of the jugal and nasal sutures) were increased at greater than or equal to 1250 mg/kg, and incidences of skeletal variations and retarded ossification were increased at all doses. Fetal body weights were decreased at the highest dose. The low dose in this study was associated with a plasma exposure (AUC) approximately 18 times human exposure at the MRD of 660 mg/day. A no-effect dose for rat embryo-fetal developmental toxicity was not established. When pregnant rabbits were given pregabalin (250, 500, or 1250 mg/kg) orally throughout the period of organogenesis, decreased fetal body weight and increased incidences of skeletal malformations, visceral variations, and retarded ossification were observed at the highest dose. The no-effect dose for developmental toxicity in rabbits (500 mg/kg) was associated with a plasma exposure approximately 17 times human exposure at the MRD. In a study in which female rats were dosed with pregabalin (50, 100, 250, 1250, or 2500 mg/kg) throughout gestation and lactation, offspring growth was reduced at greater than or equal to 100 mg/kg and offspring survival was decreased at greater than or equal to 250 mg/kg. The effect on offspring survival was pronounced at doses greater than or equal to 1250 mg/kg, with 100% mortality in high-dose litters. When offspring were tested as adults, neurobehavioral abnormalities (decreased auditory startle responding) were observed at greater than or equal to 250 mg/kg and reproductive impairment (decreased fertility and litter size) was seen at 1250 mg/kg. The no-effect dose for pre- and postnatal developmental toxicity in rats (50 mg/kg) produced a plasma exposure approximately 2 times human exposure at the MRD. In the prenatal-postnatal study in rats, pregabalin prolonged gestation and induced dystocia at exposures greater than or equal to 50 times the mean human exposure (AUC (0–24) of 123 μg∙hr/mL) at the MRD.
Use in specific populations
Information about use of the drug by patients in specific populations, including pregnant women and nursing mothers, pediatric patients, and geriatric patients.8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS Lactation: Breastfeeding is not recommended. ( 8.2 ) 8.1 Pregnancy Pregnancy Exposure Registry There is a pregnancy exposure registry that monitors pregnancy outcomes in women exposed to pregabalin during pregnancy. To provide information regarding the effects of in utero exposure to pregabalin extended-release tablets, physicians are advised to recommend that pregnant patients taking pregabalin extended-release tablets enroll in the North American Antiepileptic Drug (NAAED) Pregnancy Registry. This can be done by calling the toll free number 1-888-233-2334, and must be done by patients themselves. Information on the registry can also be found at the website http://www.aedpregnancyregistry.org/. Risk Summary Observational studies on the use of pregabalin during pregnancy suggest a possible small increase in the rate of overall major birth defects, but there was no consistent or specific pattern of major birth defects identified (see Data) . Available postmarketing data on miscarriage and other maternal, fetal, and long term developmental adverse effects were insufficient to identify risk associated with pregabalin. In animal reproduction studies, increased incidences of fetal structural abnormalities and other manifestations of developmental toxicity, including skeletal malformations, retarded ossification, and decreased fetal body weight were observed in the offspring of rats and rabbits given pregabalin orally during organogenesis, at doses that produced plasma pregabalin exposures (AUC) greater than or equal to 18 times human exposure at the maximum recommended dose (MRD) of 660 mg/day (see Data) . In an animal development study, lethality, growth retardation, and nervous and reproductive system functional impairment were observed in the offspring of rats given pregabalin during gestation and lactation. The no-effect dose for developmental toxicity was approximately twice the human exposure at MRD. The background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated populations are unknown. However, the background risk in the U.S. general population of major birth defects is 2% to 4% and of miscarriage is 15% to 20% of clinically recognized pregnancies. Data Human Data One database study, which included over 2,700 pregnancies exposed to pregabalin (monotherapy) during the first trimester compared to 3,063,251 pregnancies unexposed to antiepileptics demonstrated prevalence ratios for major malformations overall of 1.14 (CI 95% 0.96 to 1.35) for pregabalin, 1.29 (CI 95% 1.01 to 1.65) for lamotrigine, 1.39 (CI 95% 1.07 to 1.82) for duloxetine, and 1.24 (CI 95% 1.00 to 1.54) for exposure to either lamotrigine or duloxetine. Important study limitations include uncertainty of whether women who filled a prescription took the medication and inability to adequately control for the underlying disease and other potential confounders. A published study included results from two separate databases. One database, which included 353 pregnancies exposed to pregabalin (monotherapy) during the first trimester compared to 368,489 pregnancies unexposed to antiepileptics, showed no increase in risk of major birth defects; adjusted relative risk 0.87 (CI 95% 0.53 to 1.42). The second database, which included 118 pregnancies exposed to pregabalin (monotherapy) during the first trimester compared to 380,347 pregnancies unexposed to antiepileptics, suggested a small increase in risk of major birth defects; adjusted relative risk 1.26 (CI 95% 0.64 to 2.49). The risk estimates crossed the null, and the study had limitations similar to the prior study. Other published epidemiologic studies reported inconsistent findings. No specific pattern of birth defects was identified across studies. All of the studies had limitations due to their retrospective design. Animal Data When pregnant rats were given pregabalin (500, 1250, or 2500 mg/kg) orally throughout the period of organogenesis, incidences of specific skull alterations attributed to abnormally advanced ossification (premature fusion of the jugal and nasal sutures) were increased at greater than or equal to 1250 mg/kg, and incidences of skeletal variations and retarded ossification were increased at all doses. Fetal body weights were decreased at the highest dose. The low dose in this study was associated with a plasma exposure (AUC) approximately 18 times human exposure at the MRD of 660 mg/day. A no-effect dose for rat embryo-fetal developmental toxicity was not established. When pregnant rabbits were given pregabalin (250, 500, or 1250 mg/kg) orally throughout the period of organogenesis, decreased fetal body weight and increased incidences of skeletal malformations, visceral variations, and retarded ossification were observed at the highest dose. The no-effect dose for developmental toxicity in rabbits (500 mg/kg) was associated with a plasma exposure approximately 17 times human exposure at the MRD. In a study in which female rats were dosed with pregabalin (50, 100, 250, 1250, or 2500 mg/kg) throughout gestation and lactation, offspring growth was reduced at greater than or equal to 100 mg/kg and offspring survival was decreased at greater than or equal to 250 mg/kg. The effect on offspring survival was pronounced at doses greater than or equal to 1250 mg/kg, with 100% mortality in high-dose litters. When offspring were tested as adults, neurobehavioral abnormalities (decreased auditory startle responding) were observed at greater than or equal to 250 mg/kg and reproductive impairment (decreased fertility and litter size) was seen at 1250 mg/kg. The no-effect dose for pre- and postnatal developmental toxicity in rats (50 mg/kg) produced a plasma exposure approximately 2 times human exposure at the MRD. In the prenatal-postnatal study in rats, pregabalin prolonged gestation and induced dystocia at exposures greater than or equal to 50 times the mean human exposure (AUC (0–24) of 123 μg∙hr/mL) at the MRD. 8.2 Lactation Risk Summary Small amounts of pregabalin have been detected in the milk of lactating women. A pharmacokinetic study in lactating women detected pregabalin in breast milk at average steady state concentrations approximately 76% of those in maternal plasma. The estimated average daily infant dose of pregabalin from breast milk (assuming mean milk consumption of 150 mL/kg/day) was 0.31 mg/kg/day, which on a mg/kg basis would be approximately 7% of the maternal dose ( see Data ) . The study did not evaluate the effects of pregabalin on milk production or the effects of pregabalin on the breastfed infant. Based on animal studies, there is a potential risk of tumorigenicity with pregabalin exposure via breast milk to the breastfed infant [see Nonclinical Toxicology ( 13.1 )] . Available clinical study data in patients greater than 12 years of age do not provide a clear conclusion about the potential risk of tumorigenicity with pregabalin [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.9 )] . Because of the potential risk of tumorigenicity, breastfeeding is not recommended during treatment with pregabalin extended-release tablets. Data A pharmacokinetic study in ten lactating women, who were at least 12 weeks postpartum, evaluated the concentrations of pregabalin in plasma and breast milk. Pregabalin 150 mg oral capsule was given every 12 hours (300 mg daily dose) for a total of 4 doses. Pregabalin was detected in breast milk at average steady-state concentrations approximately 76% of those in maternal plasma. The estimated average daily infant dose of pregabalin from breast milk (assuming mean milk consumption of 150 mL/kg/day) was 0.31 mg/kg/day, which on a mg/kg basis would be approximately 7% of the maternal dose. The study did not evaluate the effects of pregabalin on milk production. Infants did not receive breast milk obtained during the dosing period, therefore, the effects of pregabalin on the breastfed infant were not evaluated. 8.3 Females and Males of Reproductive Potential Infertility Males Effects on Spermatogenesis In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled non-inferiority study to assess the effect of pregabalin on sperm characteristics, healthy male subjects received pregabalin at a daily dose up to 600 mg (n=111) or placebo (n=109) for 13 weeks (1 complete sperm cycle) followed by a 13-week washout period (off-drug). A total of 65 subjects in the pregabalin group (59%) and 62 subjects in the placebo group (57%) were included in the per protocol (PP) population. These subjects took study drug for at least 8 weeks, had appropriate timing of semen collections and did not have any significant protocol violations. Among these subjects, approximately 9% of the pregabalin group (6/65) vs. 3% in the placebo group (2/62) had greater than or equal to 50% reduction in mean sperm concentrations from baseline at Week 26 (the primary endpoint). The difference between pregabalin and placebo was within the pre-specified non-inferiority margin of 20%. There were no adverse effects of pregabalin on sperm morphology, sperm motility, serum FSH or serum testosterone levels as compared to placebo. In subjects in the PP population with greater than or equal to 50% reduction in sperm concentration from baseline, sperm concentrations were no longer reduced by greater than or equal to 50% in any affected subject after an additional 3 months off-drug. In 1 subject, however, subsequent semen analyses demonstrated reductions from baseline of greater than or equal to 50% at 9 and 12 months off-drug. The clinical relevance of these data is unknown. In the animal fertility study with pregabalin in male rats, adverse reproductive and developmental effects were observed [see Nonclinical Toxicology ( 13.1 )] . 8.4 Pediatric Use The safety and effectiveness of pregabalin extended-release tablets in pediatric patients have not been established. Juvenile Animal Toxicity Data In studies in which pregabalin (50 to 500 mg/kg) was orally administered to young rats from early in the postnatal period (Postnatal Day 7) through sexual maturity, neurobehavioral abnormalities (deficits in learning and memory, altered locomotor activity, decreased auditory startle responding and habituation) and reproductive impairment (delayed sexual maturation and decreased fertility in males and females) were observed at doses greater than or equal to 50 mg/kg. The neurobehavioral changes of acoustic startle persisted at greater than or equal to 250 mg/kg and locomotor activity and water maze performance at greater than or equal to 500 mg/kg in animals tested after cessation of dosing and, thus, were considered to represent long-term effects. The low effect dose for developmental neurotoxicity and reproductive impairment in juvenile rats (50 mg/kg) was associated with a plasma pregabalin exposure (AUC) approximately equal to human exposure at the maximum recommended dose of 660 mg/day. A no-effect dose was not established. 8.5 Geriatric Use In controlled clinical studies of pregabalin in neuropathic pain associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy, 246 patients were 65 to 74 years of age, and 73 patients were 75 years of age or older. In controlled clinical studies of pregabalin in neuropathic pain associated with postherpetic neuralgia, 282 patients were 65 to 74 years of age, and 379 patients were 75 years of age or older. In the pregabalin extended-release tablets neuropathic pain associated with postherpetic neuralgia study, 422 patients 65 years of age and older received pregabalin. No overall differences in safety and effectiveness were observed between these patients and younger patients, and other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients, but greater sensitivity of some older individuals cannot be ruled out. Pregabalin is known to be substantially excreted by the kidney, and the risk of adverse reactions to this drug may be greater in patients with impaired renal function. Because elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, care should be taken in dose selection, and it may be useful to monitor renal function. See Dosage and Administration ( 2.5 ) for recommendations for dosing in patients with renal impairment .
How supplied
Information about the available dosage forms to which the labeling applies, and for which the manufacturer or distributor is responsible. This field ordinarily includes the strength of the dosage form (in metric units), the units in which the dosage form is available for prescribing, appropriate information to facilitate identification of the dosage forms (such as shape, color, coating, scoring, and National Drug Code), and special handling and storage condition information.16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING Pregabalin extended-release tablets are supplied in the following strengths and package configurations: Pregabalin Extended-Release Tablets Package Configuration Tablet Strength (mg) NDC Tablet Description Bottles of 30 tablets 82.5 mg NDC 47781-379-30 White, oval-shaped, film-coated tablets, “ALV 379” imprinted in black ink on one side, blank on the other side. Bottles of 30 tablets 165 mg NDC 47781-380-30 Yellow, oval-shaped, film-coated tablets, “ALV 380” imprinted in black ink on one side, blank on the other side. Bottles of 30 tablets 330 mg NDC 47781-381-30 Pink, oval-shaped, film-coated tablets, “ALV 381” imprinted in black ink on one side, blank on the other side. Store at 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F), excursions permitted between 15°C and 30°C (between 59°F and 86°F) in the original container. (See USP Controlled Room Temperature)
| Package Configuration | Tablet Strength (mg) | NDC | Tablet Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bottles of 30 tablets | 82.5 mg | NDC 47781-379-30 | White, oval-shaped, film-coated tablets, “ALV 379” imprinted in black ink on one side, blank on the other side. |
| Bottles of 30 tablets | 165 mg | NDC 47781-380-30 | Yellow, oval-shaped, film-coated tablets, “ALV 380” imprinted in black ink on one side, blank on the other side. |
| Bottles of 30 tablets | 330 mg | NDC 47781-381-30 | Pink, oval-shaped, film-coated tablets, “ALV 381” imprinted in black ink on one side, blank on the other side. |
Disclaimer: Do not rely on openFDA or Phanrmacy Near Me to make decisions regarding medical care. While we make every effort to ensure that data is accurate, you should assume all results are unvalidated. Source: OpenFDA, Healthporta Drugs API