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| Product NDC Code | 59137-550 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Drug Name | Rasuvo |
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| Type | Brand | ||||||
| Pharm Class | Folate Analog Metabolic Inhibitor [EPC], Folic Acid Metabolism Inhibitors [MoA] |
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| Active Ingredients |
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| Route | SUBCUTANEOUS | ||||||
| Dosage Form | INJECTION, SOLUTION | ||||||
| RxCUI drug identifier | 1441416, 1544378, 1544383, 1544385, 1544386, 1544387, 1544388, 1544389, 1544390, 1544394, 1544395, 1544396, 1544397, 1544398, 1544401, 1544402, 1544403, 1544404 |
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| Application Number | NDA205776 | ||||||
| Labeler Name | Medexus Pharma Inc. | ||||||
| Packages |
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| Check if available Online | Get Medication Prices online with Discount |
Overdosage of Rasuvo
Information about signs, symptoms, and laboratory findings of acute ovedosage and the general principles of overdose treatment.10 OVERDOSAGE Leucovorin is indicated to diminish the toxicity and counteract the effect of inadvertently administered overdosages of methotrexate. Leucovorin administration should begin as promptly as possible. As the time interval between methotrexate administration and leucovorin initiation increases, the effectiveness of leucovorin in counteracting toxicity decreases. Monitoring of the serum methotrexate concentration is essential in determining the optimal dose and duration of treatment with leucovorin. In cases of massive overdosage, hydration and urinary alkalinization may be necessary to prevent the precipitation of methotrexate and/or its metabolites in the renal tubules. Generally speaking, neither hemodialysis nor peritoneal dialysis has been shown to improve methotrexate elimination. However, effective clearance of methotrexate has been reported with acute, intermittent hemodialysis using a high-flux dialyzer (Wall, SM et al: Am J Kidney Dis 28 (6): 846-854, 1996). Accidental intrathecal overdosage may require intensive systemic support, high-dose systemic leucovorin, alkaline diuresis and rapid CSF drainage and ventriculolumbar perfusion. In postmarketing experience, overdose with methotrexate has generally occurred with oral and intrathecal administration, although intravenous and intramuscular overdose have also been reported. Reports of oral overdose often indicate accidental daily administration instead of weekly (single or divided doses). Symptoms commonly reported following oral overdose include those symptoms and signs reported at pharmacologic doses, particularly hematologic and gastrointestinal reaction. For example, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia, pancytopenia, bone marrow suppression, mucositis, stomatitis, oral ulceration, nausea, vomiting, gastrointestinal ulceration, gastrointestinal bleeding. In some cases, no symptoms were reported. There have been reports of death following overdose. In these cases, events such as sepsis or septic shock, renal failure, and aplastic anemia were also reported. Symptoms of intrathecal overdose are generally central nervous system (CNS) symptoms, including headache, nausea and vomiting, seizure or convulsion, and acute toxic encephalopathy. In some cases, no symptoms were reported. There have been reports of death following intrathecal overdose. In these cases, cerebellar herniation associated with increased intracranial pressure, and acute toxic encephalopathy have also been reported. There are published case reports of intravenous and intrathecal carboxypeptidase G2 treatment to hasten clearance of methotrexate in cases of overdose.
Adverse reactions
Information about undesirable effects, reasonably associated with use of the drug, that may occur as part of the pharmacological action of the drug or may be unpredictable in its occurrence. Adverse reactions include those that occur with the drug, and if applicable, with drugs in the same pharmacologically active and chemically related class. There is considerable variation in the listing of adverse reactions. They may be categorized by organ system, by severity of reaction, by frequency, by toxicological mechanism, or by a combination of these.6 ADVERSE REACTIONS The following adverse reactions are discussed in more detail in other sections of the labeling. Organ System Toxicity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] Embryo-Fetal Toxicity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] Effects on Reproduction [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ] Malignant Lymphomas [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8) ] The most frequently reported adverse reactions include ulcerative stomatitis, leukopenia, nausea, and abdominal distress. Other frequently reported adverse reactions are malaise, undue fatigue, chills and fever, dizziness and decreased resistance to infection. Common adverse reactions are: nausea, abdominal pain, dyspepsia, stomatitis/mouth sores, rash, nasopharyngitis, diarrhea, liver function test abnormalities, vomiting, headache, bronchitis, thrombocytopenia, alopecia, leukopenia, pancytopenia, dizziness, photosensitivity, and "burning of skin lesions" ( 6 ). To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Medexus at 1-855-336-3322 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience This section provides a summary of adverse reactions reported in subjects in clinical studies conducted with Rasuvo as well as with methotrexate injection and oral methotrexate. Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug, and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. Rheumatoid Arthritis The approximate incidences of methotrexate-attributed (i.e. placebo rate subtracted) adverse reactions in 12 to 18 week double-blind studies of patients (n=128) with rheumatoid arthritis treated with low-dose oral (7.5 to 15 mg/week) pulse methotrexate, are listed below. Virtually all of these patients were on concomitant nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and some were also taking low dosages of corticosteroids. Hepatic histology was not examined in these short-term studies. Incidence greater than 10%: Elevated liver function tests 15%, nausea/vomiting 10%. Incidence 3% to 10%: Stomatitis, thrombocytopenia (platelet count less than 100,000/mm3). Incidence 1% to 3%: Rash/pruritis/dermatitis, diarrhea, alopecia, leukopenia (WBC less than 3000/mm3), pancytopenia, dizziness. Two other controlled trials of patients (n=680) with Rheumatoid Arthritis on 7.5 mg to 15 mg/wk oral doses showed an incidence of interstitial pneumonitis of 1%. Other less common reactions included decreased hematocrit, headache, upper respiratory infection, anorexia, arthralgias, chest pain, coughing, dysuria, eye discomfort, epistaxis, fever, infection, sweating, tinnitus, and vaginal discharge. Polyarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis The approximate incidences of adverse reactions reported in pediatric patients with pJIA treated with oral, weekly doses of methotrexate (5 to 20 mg/m 2 /wk or 0.1 to 0.65 mg/kg/wk) were as follows (virtually all patients were receiving concomitant nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and some also were taking low doses of corticosteroids): elevated liver function tests, 14%; gastrointestinal reactions (e.g., nausea, vomiting, diarrhea), 11%; stomatitis, 2%; leukopenia, 2%; headache, 1.2%; alopecia, 0.5%; dizziness, 0.2%; and rash, 0.2%. Although there is experience with dosing up to 30 mg/m 2 /wk in pJIA, the published data for doses above 20 mg/m 2 /wk are too limited to provide reliable estimates of adverse reaction rates. Psoriasis There are two literature reports (Roenigk, 1969, and Nyfors, 1978) describing large series (n=204, 248) of psoriasis patients treated with methotrexate. Dosages ranged up to 25 mg per week and treatment was administered for up to four years. With the exception of alopecia, photosensitivity, and "burning of skin lesions" (each 3% to 10%), the adverse reaction rates in these reports were very similar to those in the rheumatoid arthritis studies. Rarely, painful plaque erosions may appear (Pearce, HP and Wilson, BB: Am Acad Dermatol 35: 835-838, 1996). 6.2 Other Adverse Reactions Other adverse reactions that have been reported with methotrexate in oncology, RA, pJIA, and psoriasis patients are listed below by organ system. Alimentary System: gingivitis, pharyngitis, stomatitis, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hematemesis, melena, gastrointestinal ulceration and bleeding, enteritis, pancreatitis. Blood and Lymphatic System Disorders: suppressed hematopoiesis, anemia, aplastic anemia, pancytopenia, leukopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis, eosinophilia, lymphadenopathy and lymphoproliferative disorders (including reversible). Hypogammaglobulinemia has been reported rarely. Cardiovascular: pericarditis, pericardial effusion, hypotension, and thromboembolic events (including arterial thrombosis, cerebral thrombosis, deep vein thrombosis, retinal vein thrombosis, thrombophlebitis, and pulmonary embolus). Central Nervous System: headaches, drowsiness, blurred vision, transient blindness, speech impairment including dysarthria and aphasia, hemiparesis, paresis and convulsions have also occurred following administration of methotrexate. Following low doses, there have been occasional reports of transient subtle cognitive dysfunction, mood alteration or unusual cranial sensations, leukoencephalopathy, or encephalopathy. Hepatobiliary Disorders: hepatotoxicity, acute hepatitis, chronic fibrosis and cirrhosis, hepatic failure, decrease in serum albumin, liver enzyme elevations. Infection: There have been case reports of sometimes fatal opportunistic infections in patients receiving methotrexate therapy for neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases. Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia was the most common opportunistic infection. There have also been reports of infections, pneumonia, Cytomegalovirus infection, including cytomegaloviral pneumonia, sepsis, fatal sepsis, nocardiosis, histoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, Herpes zoster , Herpes simplex hepatitis, and disseminated Herpes simplex . Musculoskeletal System: stress fracture. Ophthalmic: conjunctivitis, serious visual changes of unknown etiology. Pulmonary System: respiratory fibrosis, respiratory failure, alveolitis, interstitial pneumonitis deaths have been reported, and chronic interstitial obstructive pulmonary disease has occasionally occurred. Skin: erythematous rashes, pruritus, urticaria, photosensitivity, pigmentary changes, alopecia, ecchymosis, telangiectasia, acne, furunculosis, erythema multiforme, toxic epidermal necrolysis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, skin necrosis, skin ulceration and exfoliative dermatitis. Urogenital System: severe nephropathy or renal failure, azotemia, cystitis, hematuria, proteinuria; defective oogenesis or spermatogenesis, transient oligospermia, menstrual dysfunction, vaginal discharge, and gynecomastia; infertility, abortion, fetal death, fetal defects. Other rarer reactions related to or attributed to the use of methotrexate such as nodulosis, vasculitis, arthralgia/myalgia, loss of libido/impotence, diabetes, osteoporosis, sudden death, lymphoma, including reversible lymphomas, tumor lysis syndrome, soft tissue necrosis and osteonecrosis. Anaphylactoid reactions have been reported.
Rasuvo Drug Interactions
Information about and practical guidance on preventing clinically significant drug/drug and drug/food interactions that may occur in people taking the drug.7 DRUG INTERACTIONS Aspirin, NSAIDs, and steroids: concomitant use may elevate and prolong serum methotrexate levels and cause increased toxicity ( 7.1 ) Proton pump inhibitors: concomitant use may elevate and prolong serum methotrexate levels and cause increased toxicity ( 7.2 ) 7.1 Aspirin, Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs, and Steroids Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) should not be administered prior to or concomitantly with the high doses of methotrexate, such as used in the treatment of osteosarcoma. Concomitant administration of some NSAIDs with high dose methotrexate therapy has been reported to elevate and prolong serum methotrexate levels, resulting in deaths from severe hematologic and gastrointestinal toxicity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ]. Caution should be used when NSAIDs and salicylates are administered concomitantly with lower doses of methotrexate, including Rasuvo. These drugs have been reported to reduce the tubular secretion of methotrexate in an animal model and may enhance its toxicity. Despite the potential interactions, studies of methotrexate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis have usually included concurrent use of constant dosage regimens of NSAIDs, without apparent problems. It should be appreciated, however, that the doses used in rheumatoid arthritis (7.5 to 15 mg/week) are somewhat lower than those used in psoriasis and that larger doses could lead to unexpected toxicity. Aspirin, NSAIDs, and/or low dose steroids may be continued, although the possibility of increased toxicity with concomitant use of NSAIDs including salicylates has not been fully explored. Steroids may be reduced gradually in patients who respond to methotrexate. 7.2 Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) and H2 Blockers Use caution if high-dose methotrexate is administered to patients receiving proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy. Case reports and published population pharmacokinetic studies suggest that concomitant use of some PPIs, such as omeprazole, esomeprazole, and pantoprazole, with methotrexate (primarily at high dose), may elevate and prolong serum levels of methotrexate and/or its metabolite hydroxymethotrexate, possibly leading to methotrexate toxicities. In two of these cases, delayed methotrexate elimination was observed when high-dose methotrexate was co-administered with PPIs, but was not observed when methotrexate was co-administered with ranitidine. However, no formal drug interaction studies of methotrexate with ranitidine have been conducted. 7.3 Oral Antibiotics Oral antibiotics such as tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and nonabsorbable broad spectrum antibiotics, may decrease intestinal absorption of methotrexate or interfere with the enterohepatic circulation by inhibiting bowel flora and suppressing metabolism of the drug by bacteria. Penicillins may reduce the renal clearance of methotrexate; increased serum concentrations of methotrexate with concomitant hematologic and gastrointestinal toxicity have been observed with high and low dose methotrexate. Use of Rasuvo with penicillins should be carefully monitored. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole has been reported rarely to increase bone marrow suppression in patients receiving methotrexate, probably by decreased tubular secretion and/or an additive antifolate effect. 7.4 Hepatotoxins The potential for increased hepatotoxicity when methotrexate is administered with other hepatotoxic agents has not been evaluated. However, hepatotoxicity has been reported in such cases. Therefore, patients receiving concomitant therapy with Rasuvo and other potential hepatotoxins (e.g., azathioprine, retinoids, and sulfasalazine) should be closely monitored for possible increased risk of hepatotoxicity. 7.5 Theophylline Methotrexate may decrease the clearance of theophylline; theophylline levels should be monitored when used concurrently with Rasuvo. 7.6 Folic Acid and Antifolates Vitamin preparations containing folic acid or its derivatives may decrease responses to systemically administered methotrexate. Preliminary animal and human studies have shown that small quantities of intravenously administered leucovorin enter the CSF primarily as 5-methyltetrahydrofolate and, in humans, remain 1 to 3 orders of magnitude lower than the usual methotrexate concentrations following intrathecal administration. However, high doses of leucovorin may reduce the efficacy of intrathecally administered methotrexate. Folate deficiency states may increase methotrexate toxicity. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole has been reported rarely to increase bone marrow suppression in patients receiving methotrexate, probably by decreased tubular secretion and/or an additive antifolate effect. 7.7 Mercaptopurine Methotrexate increases the plasma levels of mercaptopurine. The combination of Rasuvo and mercaptopurine may therefore require dose adjustment. 7.8 Nitrous oxide The use of nitrous oxide anesthesia potentiates the effect of methotrexate on folate dependent metabolic pathways, resulting in the potential for increased toxicity. Avoid the simultaneous use of nitrous oxide and methotrexate. 7.9 Other Drugs Methotrexate is partially bound to serum albumin, and toxicity may be increased because of displacement by certain drugs, such as salicylates, phenylbutazone, phenytoin, and sulfonamides. Renal tubular transport is also diminished by probenecid; use of Rasuvo with this drug should be carefully monitored. Combined use of methotrexate with gold, penicillamine, hydroxychloroquine, sulfasalazine, or cytotoxic agents, has not been studied and may increase the incidence of adverse effects.
Clinical pharmacology
Information about the clinical pharmacology and actions of the drug in humans.12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY 12.1 Mechanism of Action Methotrexate inhibits dihydrofolic acid reductase. Dihydrofolates must be reduced to tetrahydrofolates by this enzyme before they can be utilized as carriers of one-carbon groups in the synthesis of purine nucleotides and thymidylate. Therefore, methotrexate interferes with DNA synthesis, repair, and cellular replication. Actively proliferating tissues such as malignant cells, bone marrow, fetal cells, buccal and intestinal mucosa, and cells of the urinary bladder are in general more sensitive to this effect of methotrexate. The mechanism of action in rheumatoid arthritis is unknown; it may affect immune function. 12.2 Pharmacodynamics Two reports describe in vitro methotrexate inhibition of DNA precursor uptake by stimulated mononuclear cells, and another describes in animal polyarthritis partial correction by methotrexate of spleen cell hyporesponsiveness and suppressed IL 2 production. Other laboratories, however, have been unable to demonstrate similar effects. Clarification of methotrexate's effect on immune activity and its relation to rheumatoid immunopathogenesis await further studies. In psoriasis, the rate of production of epithelial cells in the skin is greatly increased over normal skin. This differential in proliferation rates is the basis for the use of methotrexate to control the psoriatic process. Methotrexate in high doses, followed by leucovorin rescue, is used as a part of the treatment of patients with non- metastatic osteosarcoma. The original rationale for high dose methotrexate therapy was based on the concept of selective rescue of normal tissues by leucovorin. More recent evidence suggests that high dose methotrexate may also overcome methotrexate resistance caused by impaired active transport, decreased affinity of dihydrofolic acid reductase for methotrexate, increased levels of dihydrofolic acid reductase resulting from gene amplification, or decreased polyglutamation of methotrexate. The actual mechanism of action is unknown. 12.3 Pharmacokinetics Absorption In adults, oral absorption appears to be dose dependent. Peak serum levels are reached within one to two hours. At doses of 30 mg/m 2 or less, methotrexate is generally well absorbed with a mean bioavailability of about 60%. The absorption of doses greater than 80 mg/m 2 is significantly less, possibly due to a saturation effect. In a relative bioavailability study in healthy subjects, the systemic exposure of methotrexate (AUC) from Rasuvo at doses of 7.5 mg, 15 mg, 22.5 mg, and 30 mg, was higher than that of oral methotrexate administered at the same doses by 35%, 49%, 51%, and 68%, respectively. In a relative bioavailability study in psoriasis patients, the systemic exposure (AUC) of methotrexate from Rasuvo at a dose of 30 mg, was similar to that of methotrexate administered at the same dose by the intramuscular route. In leukemic pediatric patients, oral absorption of methotrexate also appears to be dose dependent and has been reported to vary widely (23% to 95%). A twenty fold difference between highest and lowest peak levels (C max : 0.11 to 2.3 micromolar after a 20 mg/m 2 dose) has been reported. Significant interindividual variability has also been noted in time to peak concentration (T max : 0.67 to 4 hrs after a 15 mg/m 2 dose) and fraction of dose absorbed. The absorption of doses greater than 40 mg/m2 has been reported to be significantly less than that of lower doses. Food has been shown to delay absorption and reduce peak concentration. Methotrexate is generally completely absorbed from parenteral routes of injection. After intramuscular injection, peak serum concentrations occur in 30 to 60 minutes. As in leukemic pediatric patients, a wide interindividual variability in the plasma concentrations of methotrexate has been reported in pediatric patients with JIA. Following oral administration of methotrexate in doses of 6.4 to 11.2 mg/m 2 /week in pediatric patients with JIA, mean serum concentrations were 0.59 micromolar (range, 0.03 to 1.40) at 1 hour, 0.44 micromolar (range, 0.01 to 1.00) at 2 hours, and 0.29 micromolar (range, 0.06 to 0.58) at 3 hours. Distribution After intravenous administration, the initial volume of distribution is approximately 0.18 L/kg (18% of body weight) and steady-state volume of distribution is approximately 0.4 to 0.8 L/kg (40 to 80% of body weight). Methotrexate competes with reduced folates for active transport across cell membranes by means of a single carrier-mediated active transport process. At serum concentrations greater than 100 micromolar, passive diffusion becomes a major pathway by which effective intracellular concentrations can be achieved. Methotrexate in serum is approximately 50% protein bound. Laboratory studies demonstrate that it may be displaced from plasma albumin by various compounds including sulfonamides, salicylates, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, and phenytoin. Methotrexate does not penetrate the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier in therapeutic amounts when given orally or parenterally. High CSF concentrations of the drug may be attained by intrathecal administration of other parenteral forms of methotrexate. In dogs, synovial fluid concentrations after oral dosing were higher in inflamed than uninflamed joints. Although salicylates did not interfere with this penetration, prior prednisone treatment reduced penetration into inflamed joints to the level of normal joints. Metabolism After absorption, methotrexate undergoes hepatic and intracellular metabolism to polyglutamated forms which can be converted back to methotrexate by hydrolase enzymes. These polyglutamates act as inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase and thymidylate synthetase. Small amounts of methotrexate polyglutamates may remain in tissues for extended periods. The retention and prolonged drug action of these active metabolites vary among different cells, tissues and tumors. A small amount of metabolism to 7-hydroxymethotrexate may occur at doses commonly prescribed. Accumulation of this metabolite may become significant at the high doses used in osteogenic sarcoma. The aqueous solubility of 7-hydroxymethotrexate is 3 to 5 fold lower than the parent compound. Methotrexate is partially metabolized by intestinal flora after oral administration. Half-Life The terminal half-life reported for methotrexate is approximately three to ten hours for patients receiving treatment for psoriasis, or rheumatoid arthritis or low dose antineoplastic therapy (less than 30 mg/m 2 ). For patients receiving high doses of methotrexate, the terminal half-life is eight to 15 hours. In pediatric patients receiving methotrexate for acute lymphocytic leukemia (6.3 to 30 mg/m 2 ), or for JIA (3.75 to 26.2 mg/m 2 ), the terminal half-life has been reported to range from 0.7 to 5.8 hours or 0.9 to 2.3 hours, respectively. Excretion Renal excretion is the primary route of elimination and is dependent upon dosage and route of administration. With IV administration, 80% to 90% of the administered dose is excreted unchanged in the urine within 24 hours. There is limited biliary excretion amounting to 10% or less of the administered dose. Enterohepatic recirculation of methotrexate has been proposed. Renal excretion occurs by glomerular filtration and active tubular secretion. Nonlinear elimination due to saturation of renal tubular reabsorption has been observed in psoriatic patients at doses between 7.5 and 30 mg. Impaired renal function, as well as concurrent use of drugs such as weak organic acids that also undergo tubular secretion, can markedly increase methotrexate serum levels. Excellent correlation has been reported between methotrexate clearance and endogenous creatinine clearance. Methotrexate clearance rates vary widely and are generally decreased at higher doses. Delayed drug clearance has been identified as one of the major factors responsible for methotrexate toxicity. It has been postulated that the toxicity of methotrexate for normal tissues is more dependent upon the duration of exposure to the drug rather than the peak level achieved. When a patient has delayed drug elimination due to compromised renal function, a third space effusion, or other causes, methotrexate serum concentrations may remain elevated for prolonged periods. When other forms of parenteral methotrexate are administered during cancer chemotherapy, the potential for toxicity from high dose regimens or delayed excretion is reduced by the administration of leucovorin calcium during the final phase of methotrexate plasma elimination. Pharmacokinetic monitoring of methotrexate serum concentrations may help identify those patients at high risk for methotrexate toxicity and aid in proper adjustments of leucovorin dosing.
Mechanism of action
Information about the established mechanism(s) of the drugÕs action in humans at various levels (for example receptor, membrane, tissue, organ, whole body). If the mechanism of action is not known, this field contains a statement about the lack of information.12.1 Mechanism of Action Methotrexate inhibits dihydrofolic acid reductase. Dihydrofolates must be reduced to tetrahydrofolates by this enzyme before they can be utilized as carriers of one-carbon groups in the synthesis of purine nucleotides and thymidylate. Therefore, methotrexate interferes with DNA synthesis, repair, and cellular replication. Actively proliferating tissues such as malignant cells, bone marrow, fetal cells, buccal and intestinal mucosa, and cells of the urinary bladder are in general more sensitive to this effect of methotrexate. The mechanism of action in rheumatoid arthritis is unknown; it may affect immune function.
Pharmacodynamics
Information about any biochemical or physiologic pharmacologic effects of the drug or active metabolites related to the drugÕs clinical effect in preventing, diagnosing, mitigating, curing, or treating disease, or those related to adverse effects or toxicity.12.2 Pharmacodynamics Two reports describe in vitro methotrexate inhibition of DNA precursor uptake by stimulated mononuclear cells, and another describes in animal polyarthritis partial correction by methotrexate of spleen cell hyporesponsiveness and suppressed IL 2 production. Other laboratories, however, have been unable to demonstrate similar effects. Clarification of methotrexate's effect on immune activity and its relation to rheumatoid immunopathogenesis await further studies. In psoriasis, the rate of production of epithelial cells in the skin is greatly increased over normal skin. This differential in proliferation rates is the basis for the use of methotrexate to control the psoriatic process. Methotrexate in high doses, followed by leucovorin rescue, is used as a part of the treatment of patients with non- metastatic osteosarcoma. The original rationale for high dose methotrexate therapy was based on the concept of selective rescue of normal tissues by leucovorin. More recent evidence suggests that high dose methotrexate may also overcome methotrexate resistance caused by impaired active transport, decreased affinity of dihydrofolic acid reductase for methotrexate, increased levels of dihydrofolic acid reductase resulting from gene amplification, or decreased polyglutamation of methotrexate. The actual mechanism of action is unknown.
Pharmacokinetics
Information about the clinically significant pharmacokinetics of a drug or active metabolites, for instance pertinent absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion parameters.12.3 Pharmacokinetics Absorption In adults, oral absorption appears to be dose dependent. Peak serum levels are reached within one to two hours. At doses of 30 mg/m 2 or less, methotrexate is generally well absorbed with a mean bioavailability of about 60%. The absorption of doses greater than 80 mg/m 2 is significantly less, possibly due to a saturation effect. In a relative bioavailability study in healthy subjects, the systemic exposure of methotrexate (AUC) from Rasuvo at doses of 7.5 mg, 15 mg, 22.5 mg, and 30 mg, was higher than that of oral methotrexate administered at the same doses by 35%, 49%, 51%, and 68%, respectively. In a relative bioavailability study in psoriasis patients, the systemic exposure (AUC) of methotrexate from Rasuvo at a dose of 30 mg, was similar to that of methotrexate administered at the same dose by the intramuscular route. In leukemic pediatric patients, oral absorption of methotrexate also appears to be dose dependent and has been reported to vary widely (23% to 95%). A twenty fold difference between highest and lowest peak levels (C max : 0.11 to 2.3 micromolar after a 20 mg/m 2 dose) has been reported. Significant interindividual variability has also been noted in time to peak concentration (T max : 0.67 to 4 hrs after a 15 mg/m 2 dose) and fraction of dose absorbed. The absorption of doses greater than 40 mg/m2 has been reported to be significantly less than that of lower doses. Food has been shown to delay absorption and reduce peak concentration. Methotrexate is generally completely absorbed from parenteral routes of injection. After intramuscular injection, peak serum concentrations occur in 30 to 60 minutes. As in leukemic pediatric patients, a wide interindividual variability in the plasma concentrations of methotrexate has been reported in pediatric patients with JIA. Following oral administration of methotrexate in doses of 6.4 to 11.2 mg/m 2 /week in pediatric patients with JIA, mean serum concentrations were 0.59 micromolar (range, 0.03 to 1.40) at 1 hour, 0.44 micromolar (range, 0.01 to 1.00) at 2 hours, and 0.29 micromolar (range, 0.06 to 0.58) at 3 hours. Distribution After intravenous administration, the initial volume of distribution is approximately 0.18 L/kg (18% of body weight) and steady-state volume of distribution is approximately 0.4 to 0.8 L/kg (40 to 80% of body weight). Methotrexate competes with reduced folates for active transport across cell membranes by means of a single carrier-mediated active transport process. At serum concentrations greater than 100 micromolar, passive diffusion becomes a major pathway by which effective intracellular concentrations can be achieved. Methotrexate in serum is approximately 50% protein bound. Laboratory studies demonstrate that it may be displaced from plasma albumin by various compounds including sulfonamides, salicylates, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, and phenytoin. Methotrexate does not penetrate the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier in therapeutic amounts when given orally or parenterally. High CSF concentrations of the drug may be attained by intrathecal administration of other parenteral forms of methotrexate. In dogs, synovial fluid concentrations after oral dosing were higher in inflamed than uninflamed joints. Although salicylates did not interfere with this penetration, prior prednisone treatment reduced penetration into inflamed joints to the level of normal joints. Metabolism After absorption, methotrexate undergoes hepatic and intracellular metabolism to polyglutamated forms which can be converted back to methotrexate by hydrolase enzymes. These polyglutamates act as inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase and thymidylate synthetase. Small amounts of methotrexate polyglutamates may remain in tissues for extended periods. The retention and prolonged drug action of these active metabolites vary among different cells, tissues and tumors. A small amount of metabolism to 7-hydroxymethotrexate may occur at doses commonly prescribed. Accumulation of this metabolite may become significant at the high doses used in osteogenic sarcoma. The aqueous solubility of 7-hydroxymethotrexate is 3 to 5 fold lower than the parent compound. Methotrexate is partially metabolized by intestinal flora after oral administration. Half-Life The terminal half-life reported for methotrexate is approximately three to ten hours for patients receiving treatment for psoriasis, or rheumatoid arthritis or low dose antineoplastic therapy (less than 30 mg/m 2 ). For patients receiving high doses of methotrexate, the terminal half-life is eight to 15 hours. In pediatric patients receiving methotrexate for acute lymphocytic leukemia (6.3 to 30 mg/m 2 ), or for JIA (3.75 to 26.2 mg/m 2 ), the terminal half-life has been reported to range from 0.7 to 5.8 hours or 0.9 to 2.3 hours, respectively. Excretion Renal excretion is the primary route of elimination and is dependent upon dosage and route of administration. With IV administration, 80% to 90% of the administered dose is excreted unchanged in the urine within 24 hours. There is limited biliary excretion amounting to 10% or less of the administered dose. Enterohepatic recirculation of methotrexate has been proposed. Renal excretion occurs by glomerular filtration and active tubular secretion. Nonlinear elimination due to saturation of renal tubular reabsorption has been observed in psoriatic patients at doses between 7.5 and 30 mg. Impaired renal function, as well as concurrent use of drugs such as weak organic acids that also undergo tubular secretion, can markedly increase methotrexate serum levels. Excellent correlation has been reported between methotrexate clearance and endogenous creatinine clearance. Methotrexate clearance rates vary widely and are generally decreased at higher doses. Delayed drug clearance has been identified as one of the major factors responsible for methotrexate toxicity. It has been postulated that the toxicity of methotrexate for normal tissues is more dependent upon the duration of exposure to the drug rather than the peak level achieved. When a patient has delayed drug elimination due to compromised renal function, a third space effusion, or other causes, methotrexate serum concentrations may remain elevated for prolonged periods. When other forms of parenteral methotrexate are administered during cancer chemotherapy, the potential for toxicity from high dose regimens or delayed excretion is reduced by the administration of leucovorin calcium during the final phase of methotrexate plasma elimination. Pharmacokinetic monitoring of methotrexate serum concentrations may help identify those patients at high risk for methotrexate toxicity and aid in proper adjustments of leucovorin dosing.
Contraindications
Information about situations in which the drug product is contraindicated or should not be used because the risk of use clearly outweighs any possible benefit, including the type and nature of reactions that have been reported.4 CONTRAINDICATIONS Rasuvo is contraindicated in the following: Pregnancy ( 4 ) Alcoholism or liver disease ( 4 ) Immunodeficiency syndromes ( 4 ) Preexisting blood dyscrasias ( 4 ) Hypersensitivity to methotrexate ( 4 ) • Pregnancy Rasuvo can cause embryo-fetal toxicity and fetal death when administered during pregnancy. [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) and Use in Specific Populations (8.1) ]. • Alcoholism or Liver Disease Patients with alcoholism, alcoholic liver disease or other chronic liver disease [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ]. • Immunodeficiency Syndromes Patients who have overt or laboratory evidence of immunodeficiency syndromes [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ]. • Preexisting Blood Dyscrasias Patients who have preexisting blood dyscrasias, such as bone marrow hypoplasia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, or significant anemia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ]. • Hypersensitivity Patients with a known hypersensitivity to methotrexate. Severe hypersensitivity reactions have been observed with methotrexate use [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) and Adverse Reactions (6.1 and 6.2) ].
Description
General information about the drug product, including the proprietary and established name of the drug, the type of dosage form and route of administration to which the label applies, qualitative and quantitative ingredient information, the pharmacologic or therapeutic class of the drug, and the chemical name and structural formula of the drug.11 DESCRIPTION Rasuvo contains methotrexate, a folate analog metabolic inhibitor. Chemically, methotrexate is [N-[4-[[(2,4-diamino-6-pteridinyl)methyl]methylamino]benzoyl]-Lglutamic acid. The structural formula is: C 20 H 22 N 8 O 5 M.W.= 454.45 Rasuvo contains methotrexate in a sterile, preservative-free, non-pyrogenic solution for a single subcutaneous injection. Rasuvo is an isotonic, clear, yellow to brown solution. Rasuvo contains the following inactive ingredients: sodium chloride 0.4% w/v; water for injections, sodium hydroxide and, if necessary, hydrochloric acid are added to adjust the pH to approximately 8.5. Chemical Structure
Dosage and administration
Information about the drug product’s dosage and administration recommendations, including starting dose, dose range, titration regimens, and any other clinically sigificant information that affects dosing recommendations.2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION Rasuvo is for once weekly subcutaneous use only. Administer Rasuvo in the abdomen or thigh. ( 2.1 ) Use another formulation of methotrexate for patients requiring oral, intramuscular, intravenous, intra-arterial, or intrathecal dosing, doses less than 7.5 mg per week, doses above 30 mg per week, high-dose regimens, or dose adjustments of less than 2.5 mg increments ( 2.1 ) Starting doses of methotrexate: RA: 7.5 mg once weekly of an oral or subcutaneous formulation ( 2.2 ) pJIA: 10 mg/m2 once weekly ( 2.2 ) Psoriasis: 10 to 25 mg once weekly of an oral, intramuscular, subcutaneous, or intravenous formulation ( 2.3 ) Adjust dose gradually to achieve an optimal response ( 2.2 , 2.3 ) 2.1 Important Dosing Information Rasuvo is a single-dose manually-triggered auto-injector for once-weekly subcutaneous use only [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5) ]. Administer Rasuvo in the abdomen or the thigh. Rasuvo is only available in doses between 7.5 to 30 mg in 2.5 mg increments. Use another formulation of methotrexate for alternative dosing in patients who require oral, intramuscular, intravenous, intra-arterial, or intrathecal dosing, doses less than 7.5 mg per week, doses more than 30 mg per week, high-dose regimens, or dose adjustments of less than 2.5 mg increments. 2.2 Rheumatoid Arthritis including Polyarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Recommended starting dose of methotrexate: Adult RA: 7.5 mg as a single oral or subcutaneous dose once weekly. pJIA: 10 mg/m 2 once weekly. For patients switching from oral methotrexate to Rasuvo, consider any differences in bioavailability between oral and subcutaneously administered methotrexate [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ]. Dosages may be adjusted gradually to achieve an optimal response. Limited experience shows a significant increase in the incidence and severity of serious toxic reactions, especially bone marrow suppression, at doses greater than 20 mg/wk in adults. Although there is experience with doses up to 30 mg/m 2 /wk in children, there are too few published data to assess how doses over 20 mg/m 2 /wk might affect the risk of serious toxicity in children. Experience does suggest, however, that children receiving 20 to 30 mg/m 2 /wk (0.65 to 1.0 mg/kg/wk) may have better absorption and fewer gastrointestinal side effects if methotrexate is administered either intramuscularly or subcutaneously. Therapeutic response usually begins within 3 to 6 weeks and the patient may continue to improve for another 12 weeks or more. The optimal duration of therapy is unknown. Limited data available from long-term studies in adults indicate that the initial clinical improvement is maintained for at least two years with continued therapy. When methotrexate is discontinued, the arthritis usually worsens within 3 to 6 weeks. The patient should be fully informed of the risks involved and should be under constant supervision of the physician. Assessment of hematologic, hepatic, renal, and pulmonary function should be made by history, physical examination, and laboratory tests before beginning, periodically during, and before reinstituting Rasuvo therapy [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4) ]. Females of childbearing potential should not be started on Rasuvo until pregnancy is excluded [see Contraindications (4) and Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ]. All schedules should be continually tailored to the individual patient. An initial test dose may be given prior to the regular dosing schedule to detect any extreme sensitivity to adverse effects. Maximal myelosuppression usually occurs in seven to ten days. 2.3 Psoriasis Recommended starting dose of methotrexate: Psoriasis : 10-25 mg as a single oral, intramuscular, subcutaneous, or intravenous dose once weekly. For patients switching from oral methotrexate to Rasuvo, consider any differences in bioavailability between oral and subcutaneously administered methotrexate [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ]. Dosage may be gradually adjusted to achieve optimal clinical response; 30 mg/week should not ordinarily be exceeded. Once optimal clinical response has been achieved, the dosage should be reduced to the lowest possible amount of drug and to the longest possible rest period. The use of Rasuvo may permit the return to conventional topical therapy, which should be encouraged. 2.4 Administration and Handling Rasuvo is a manually-triggered auto-injector intended for subcutaneous use under the guidance and supervision of a physician. Patients may self-inject with Rasuvo if a physician determines that it is appropriate, if they have received proper training in how to prepare and administer the correct dose, and if they receive medical follow-up, as necessary. Rasuvo is injected once weekly . The patient must be explicitly informed about the once weekly dosing schedule. It is advisable to determine an appropriate fixed day of the week for the injection. Visually inspect Rasuvo for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration. Do not use Rasuvo if the seal is broken. Handle and dispose of Rasuvo consistent with recommendations for handling and disposal of cytotoxic drugs 1 . 2.5 Pregnancy testing Verify the pregnancy status of females of reproductive potential prior to initiating treatment with Rasuvo [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1 , 8.3) ]
Dosage forms and strengths
Information about all available dosage forms and strengths for the drug product to which the labeling applies. This field may contain descriptions of product appearance.3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS Rasuvo is an injection containing methotrexate at a concentration of 50 mg/ml available as a manually-triggered auto-injector that administers a single dose of methotrexate solution in the following dosage strengths: 7.5 mg 10 mg 12.5 mg 15 mg 17.5 mg 20 mg 22.5 mg 25 mg 27.5 mg 30 mg Injection: Single-dose manually-triggered auto-injector delivering methotrexate in the following dosage strengths: 7.5 mg, 10 mg, 12.5 mg, 15 mg, 17.5 mg, 20 mg, 22.5 mg, 25 mg, 27.5 mg, and 30 mg ( 3 ).
Indications and usage
A statement of each of the drug products indications for use, such as for the treatment, prevention, mitigation, cure, or diagnosis of a disease or condition, or of a manifestation of a recognized disease or condition, or for the relief of symptoms associated with a recognized disease or condition. This field may also describe any relevant limitations of use.1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Rasuvo is a folate analog metabolic inhibitor indicated for the: Management of patients with severe, active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (pJIA), who are intolerant of or had an inadequate response to first-line therapy ( 1.1 ) Symptomatic control of severe, recalcitrant, disabling psoriasis in adults who are not adequately responsive to other forms of therapy ( 1.2 ) Limitation of Use Rasuvo is not indicated for the treatment of neoplastic diseases ( 1.3 ). 1.1 Rheumatoid Arthritis including Polyarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Rasuvo is indicated in the management of selected adults with severe, active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (ACR criteria), or children with active polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (pJIA), who have had an insufficient therapeutic response to, or are intolerant of, an adequate trial of first-line therapy including full dose non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs). 1.2 Psoriasis Rasuvo is indicated in adults for the symptomatic control of severe, recalcitrant, disabling psoriasis that is not adequately responsive to other forms of therapy, but only when the diagnosis has been established, as by biopsy and/or after dermatologic consultation. It is important to ensure that a psoriasis "flare" is not due to an undiagnosed concomitant disease affecting immune responses. 1.3 Limitation of Use Rasuvo is not indicated for the treatment of neoplastic diseases.
Spl product data elements
Usually a list of ingredients in a drug product.Rasuvo methotrexate methotrexate sodium methotrexate sodium chloride water sodium hydroxide hydrochloric acid Rasuvo methotrexate methotrexate sodium methotrexate sodium chloride water sodium hydroxide hydrochloric acid Rasuvo methotrexate methotrexate sodium methotrexate sodium chloride water sodium hydroxide hydrochloric acid Rasuvo methotrexate methotrexate sodium methotrexate sodium chloride water sodium hydroxide hydrochloric acid Rasuvo methotrexate methotrexate sodium methotrexate sodium chloride water sodium hydroxide hydrochloric acid Rasuvo methotrexate methotrexate sodium methotrexate sodium chloride water sodium hydroxide hydrochloric acid Rasuvo methotrexate methotrexate sodium methotrexate sodium chloride water sodium hydroxide hydrochloric acid Rasuvo methotrexate methotrexate sodium methotrexate sodium chloride water sodium hydroxide hydrochloric acid Rasuvo methotrexate methotrexate sodium methotrexate sodium chloride water sodium hydroxide hydrochloric acid
Carcinogenesis and mutagenesis and impairment of fertility
Information about carcinogenic, mutagenic, or fertility impairment potential revealed by studies in animals. Information from human data about such potential is part of the warnings field.13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility Methotrexate has been evaluated in a number of animal studies for carcinogenic potential with inconclusive results. Although there is evidence that methotrexate causes chromosomal damage to animal somatic cells and human bone marrow cells, the clinical significance remains uncertain. Data are available regarding the risks for pregnancy and for fertility in humans [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1 and 8.3) ].
Nonclinical toxicology
Information about toxicology in non-human subjects.13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY 13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility Methotrexate has been evaluated in a number of animal studies for carcinogenic potential with inconclusive results. Although there is evidence that methotrexate causes chromosomal damage to animal somatic cells and human bone marrow cells, the clinical significance remains uncertain. Data are available regarding the risks for pregnancy and for fertility in humans [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1 and 8.3) ].
Package label principal display panel
The content of the principal display panel of the product package, usually including the product’s name, dosage forms, and other key information about the drug product.PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 7.5 mg Auto-Injector Carton NDC 59137-505-04 Rx only 7.5 mg Rasuvo ® methotrexate injection Rasuvo ® (methotrexate) injection 7.5 mg per 0.15 mL This carton contains 4 pre-assembled 0.15 mL pre-filled Rasuvo auto-injectors. FOR SUBCUTANEOUS USE ONLY See full prescribing information for dosage and administration. Read enclosed patient package insert carefully before using. PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 7.5 mg Auto-Injector Carton
PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 10 mg Auto-Injector Carton NDC 59137-510-04 Rx only 10 mg Rasuvo ® methotrexate injection Rasuvo ® (methotrexate) injection 10 mg per 0.20 mL This carton contains 4 pre-assembled 0.20 mL pre-filled Rasuvo auto-injectors. FOR SUBCUTANEOUS USE ONLY See full prescribing information for dosage and administration. Read enclosed patient package insert carefully before using. PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 10 mg Auto-Injector Carton
PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 12.5 mg Auto-Injector Carton NDC 59137-515-04 Rx only 12.5 mg Rasuvo ® methotrexate injection Rasuvo ® (methotrexate) injection 12.5 mg per 0.25 mL This carton contains 4 pre-assembled 0.25 mL pre-filled Rasuvo auto-injectors. FOR SUBCUTANEOUS USE ONLY See full prescribing information for dosage and administration. Read enclosed patient package insert carefully before using. PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 12.5 mg Auto-Injector Carton
PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 15 mg Auto-Injector Carton NDC 59137-520-04 Rx only 15 mg Rasuvo ® methotrexate injection Rasuvo ® (methotrexate) injection 15 mg per 0.30 mL This carton contains 4 pre-assembled 0.30 mL pre-filled Rasuvo auto-injectors. FOR SUBCUTANEOUS USE ONLY See full prescribing information for dosage and administration. Read enclosed patient package insert carefully before using. PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 15 mg Auto-Injector Carton
PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 17.5 mg Auto-Injector Carton NDC 59137-525-04 Rx only 17.5 mg Rasuvo ® methotrexate injection Rasuvo ® (methotrexate) injection 17.5 mg per 0.35 mL This carton contains 4 pre-assembled 0.35 mL pre-filled Rasuvo auto-injectors. FOR SUBCUTANEOUS USE ONLY See full prescribing information for dosage and administration. Read enclosed patient package insert carefully before using. PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 17.5 mg Auto-Injector Carton
PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 20 mg Auto-Injector Carton NDC 59137-530-04 Rx only 20 mg Rasuvo ® methotrexate injection Rasuvo ® (methotrexate) injection 20 mg per 0.40 mL This carton contains 4 pre-assembled 0.40 mL pre-filled Rasuvo auto-injectors. FOR SUBCUTANEOUS USE ONLY See full prescribing information for dosage and administration. Read enclosed patient package insert carefully before using. PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 20 mg Auto-Injector Carton
PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 22.5 mg Auto-Injector Carton NDC 59137-535-04 Rx only 22.5 mg Rasuvo ® methotrexate injection Rasuvo ® (methotrexate) injection 22.5 mg per 0.45 mL This carton contains 4 pre-assembled 0.45 mL pre-filled Rasuvo auto-injectors. FOR SUBCUTANEOUS USE ONLY See full prescribing information for dosage and administration. Read enclosed patient package insert carefully before using. PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 22.5 mg Auto-Injector Carton
PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 25 mg Auto-Injector Carton NDC 59137-540-04 Rx only 25 mg Rasuvo ® methotrexate injection Rasuvo ® (methotrexate) injection 25 mg per 0.50 mL This carton contains 4 pre-assembled 0.50 mL pre-filled Rasuvo auto-injectors. FOR SUBCUTANEOUS USE ONLY See full prescribing information for dosage and administration. Read enclosed patient package insert carefully before using. PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 25 mg Auto-Injector Carton
PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 30 mg Auto-Injector Carton NDC 59137-550-04 Rx only 30 mg Rasuvo ® methotrexate injection Rasuvo ® (methotrexate) injection 30 mg per 0.60 mL This carton contains 4 pre-assembled 0.60 mL pre-filled Rasuvo auto-injectors. FOR SUBCUTANEOUS USE ONLY See full prescribing information for dosage and administration. Read enclosed patient package insert carefully before using. PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 30 mg Auto-Injector Carton
Spl unclassified section
Information not classified as belonging to one of the other fields. Approximately 40% of labeling with effective_time between June 2009 and August 2014 have information in this field.Manufactured for: Medexus Pharma Inc. 29 N Wacker Drive, Suite 704 Chicago, IL 60606 Manufactured by: Oncotec Pharma Produktion GmbH Am Pharmapark D-06861 Dessau-Roßlau Germany
Rasuvo: Information for patients
Information necessary for patients to use the drug safely and effectively, such as precautions concerning driving or the concomitant use of other substances that may have harmful additive effects.17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION See FDA-approved patient labeling (Patient Information and Instructions for Use) Risk of Organ Toxicity Inform patients of the risks of organ toxicity, including gastrointestinal, hematologic, hepatic, infections, neurologic, pulmonary, renal and skin as well as possible signs and symptoms for which they should contact their healthcare provider. Advise patients of the need for close follow-up, including periodic laboratory tests to monitor toxicity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1 and 5.4) ]. Importance of Proper Dosing and Administration Both the physician and pharmacist should emphasize to the patient that the recommended dose is taken once weekly and that mistaken daily use of the recommended dose has led to fatal toxicity [see Dosage and Administration (2) ]. Rasuvo is intended for use under the guidance and supervision of a physician. Patients should not self-administer until they receive training from a healthcare professional. The patient's or caregiver's ability to administer Rasuvo should be assessed. Patients should be instructed to use administration sites on the abdomen or the thigh. Administration should not be made within 2 inches of the navel. Instruct patients not to administer Rasuvo to the arms or any other areas of the body, as delineated in the Rasuvo Instructions for Use [see Instructions for Use ]. Embryo-Fetal Toxicity Advise females of reproductive potential that Rasuvo can cause fetal harm and is contraindicated in pregnancy. Advise women of childbearing potential that Rasuvo should not be started until pregnancy is excluded. Women should be fully counseled on the serious risk to the fetus should they become pregnant while undergoing treatment. Inform patients to contact their physician if they suspect that they are pregnant [see Boxed Warning , Contraindications (4) , Warnings and Precautions (5.2) , Use in Specific Populations (8.1) ]. Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during Rasuvo treatment and for 6 months after the final dose [see Use in Specific Populations (8.3) ]. Advise males of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during Rasuvo treatment and for 3 months after the final dose [see Use in Specific Populations (8.3) ]. Infertility Advise patients of reproductive potential that Rasuvo may cause impairment of fertility, oligospermia and menstrual dysfunction [see Use in Specific Populations (8.3) ]. Lactation Advise females not to breastfeed during treatment with Rasuvo and for one week after the final dose [see Use in Specific Populations (8.2) ]. Ability to Drive or Operate Machinery Inform patients that adverse reactions such as dizziness and fatigue may affect their ability to drive or operate machinery. Proper Storage and Disposal Advise patients to store Rasuvo at room temperature (68 to 77°F or 20 to 25°C). Inform patients and caregivers of the need for proper disposal after use, including the use of a sharps disposal container.
Clinical studies
This field may contain references to clinical studies in place of detailed discussion in other sections of the labeling.14 CLINICAL STUDIES 14.1 Rheumatoid Arthritis Clinical trials in patients with rheumatoid arthritis were performed using other formulations of methotrexate. In patients with rheumatoid arthritis, effects of methotrexate on articular swelling and tenderness can be seen as early as 3 to 6 weeks. Most studies of methotrexate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis are relatively short term (3 to 6 months). Limited data from long-term studies indicate that an initial clinical improvement is maintained for at least two years with continued therapy. 14.2 Polyarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Clinical trials in patients with polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis were performed using other formulations of methotrexate. In a 6-month double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 127 pediatric patients with pJIA (mean age, 10.1 years; age range, 2.5 to 18 years; mean duration of disease, 5.1 years) on background nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and/or prednisone, methotrexate given weekly at an oral dose of 10 mg/m 2 provided significant clinical improvement compared to placebo as measured by either the physician's global assessment, or by a patient composite (25% reduction in the articular-severity score plus improvement in parent and physician global assessments of disease activity). Over two-thirds of the patients in this trial had polyarticular-course JIA, and the numerically greatest response was seen in this subgroup treated with 10 mg/m 2 /wk methotrexate. The overwhelming majority of the remaining patients had systemic-course JIA. All patients were unresponsive to NSAIDs; approximately one-third were using low dose corticosteroids. Weekly methotrexate at a dose of 5 mg/m2 was not significantly more effective than placebo in this trial.
References
This field may contain references when prescription drug labeling must summarize or otherwise relay on a recommendation by an authoritative scientific body, or on a standardized methodology, scale, or technique, because the information is important to prescribing decisions.15 REFERENCES "Hazardous Drugs". OSHA . http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/hazardousdrugs/index.html
Geriatric use
Information about any limitations on any geriatric indications, needs for specific monitoring, hazards associated with use of the drug in the geriatric population.8.5 Geriatric Use Clinical studies of methotrexate did not include sufficient numbers of subjects age 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic and renal function, decreased folate stores, concomitant disease or other drug therapy (i.e., that interfere with renal function, methotrexate or folate metabolism) in this population [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) , Drug Interactions (7.7) and Use in Specific Populations (8.6) ]. Since decline in renal function may be associated with increases in adverse reactions and serum creatinine measurements may over estimate renal function in the elderly, more accurate methods (i.e., creatinine clearance) should be considered. Serum methotrexate levels may also be helpful. Elderly patients should be closely monitored for early signs of hepatic, bone marrow and renal toxicity. In chronic use situations, certain toxicities may be reduced by folate supplementation. Post-marketing experience suggests that the occurrence of bone marrow suppression, thrombocytopenia, and pneumonitis may increase with age [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ].
Pediatric use
Information about any limitations on any pediatric indications, needs for specific monitoring, hazards associated with use of the drug in any subsets of the pediatric population (such as neonates, infants, children, or adolescents), differences between pediatric and adult responses to the drug, and other information related to the safe and effective pediatric use of the drug.8.4 Pediatric Use The safety and effectiveness of methotrexate, including Rasuvo, have not been established in pediatric patients with psoriasis. The safety and effectiveness of Rasuvo have not been established in pediatric patients with neoplastic diseases. The safety and effectiveness of methotrexate have been established in pediatric patients with polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis [see Clinical Studies (14.2) ]. Published clinical studies evaluating the use of methotrexate in children and adolescents (i.e., patients 2 to 16 years of age) with pJIA demonstrated safety comparable to that observed in adults with rheumatoid arthritis [see Adverse Reactions (6.1) ]. Rasuvo does not contain a preservative. However, methotrexate injectable formulations containing the preservative benzyl alcohol are not recommended for use in neonates. There have been reports of fatal 'gasping syndrome' in neonates (children less than one month of age) following the administrations of intravenous solutions containing the preservative benzyl alcohol. Symptoms include a striking onset of gasping respiration, hypotension, bradycardia, and cardiovascular collapse. Serious neurotoxicity, frequently manifested as generalized or focal seizures, has been reported with unexpectedly increased frequency among pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who were treated with intermediate-dose intravenous methotrexate (1 gm/m 2 ) [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ].
Pregnancy
Information about effects the drug may have on pregnant women or on a fetus. This field may be ommitted if the drug is not absorbed systemically and the drug is not known to have a potential for indirect harm to the fetus. It may contain information about the established pregnancy category classification for the drug. (That information is nominally listed in the teratogenic_effects field, but may be listed here instead.)8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary Based on published reports, and methotrexate's mechanism of action, methotrexate can cause embryo-fetal toxicity and fetal death when administered to a pregnant woman [see Data and Clinical Pharmacology (12.1) ]. In pregnant women with psoriasis or rheumatoid arthritis, Rasuvo is contraindicated [see Contraindications (4) ]. There are no animal data that meet current standards for nonclinical developmental toxicity studies. The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated populations are unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2 – 4 % and 15 – 20 %, respectively. Data Human Data Published data from cases, literature reviews, and observational studies report that methotrexate exposure during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of embryo-fetal toxicity and fetal death. Methotrexate exposure during the first trimester of pregnancy is associated with an increased incidence of spontaneous abortions and multiple adverse developmental outcomes, including skull anomalies, facial dysmorphism, central nervous system abnormalities, limb abnormalities, and sometimes cardiac anomalies and intellectual impairment. Adverse outcomes associated with exposure during second and third trimesters of pregnancy include intrauterine growth restriction and functional abnormalities. Because methotrexate is widely distributed and persists in the body for a prolonged period, there is a potential risk to the fetus from preconception methotrexate exposure. A prospective multicenter study evaluated pregnancy outcomes in women taking methotrexate less than or equal to 30 mg/week after conception. The rate of miscarriage in pregnant women exposed to methotrexate was 42.5% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 29.2-58.7), which was higher than in unexposed patients with autoimmune disease (22.5%, 95% CI 16.8-29.7) and unexposed patients with non-autoimmune disease (17.3%, 95% CI 13-22.8). Of the live births, the rate of major birth defects in pregnant women exposed to methotrexate after conception was higher than in unexposed patients with autoimmune disease (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.8 [95% CI 0.6-5.7]) and unexposed patients with non-autoimmune disease (adjusted OR 3.1 [95% CI 1.03-9.5]) (2.9%).Major birth defects associated with pregnancies exposed to methotrexate after conception were not always consistent with methotrexate-associated adverse developmental outcomes.
Use in specific populations
Information about use of the drug by patients in specific populations, including pregnant women and nursing mothers, pediatric patients, and geriatric patients.8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS Pediatric use: Safety and efficacy of methotrexate, including Rasuvo, have not been established in pediatric patients with psoriasis. Safety and efficacy of Rasuvo have not been established in pediatric patients with malignancy ( 8.4 ) Geriatric use: Use caution in dose selection ( 8.5 ) Lactation: Advise women not to breastfeed ( 8.2 ) 8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary Based on published reports, and methotrexate's mechanism of action, methotrexate can cause embryo-fetal toxicity and fetal death when administered to a pregnant woman [see Data and Clinical Pharmacology (12.1) ]. In pregnant women with psoriasis or rheumatoid arthritis, Rasuvo is contraindicated [see Contraindications (4) ]. There are no animal data that meet current standards for nonclinical developmental toxicity studies. The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated populations are unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2 – 4 % and 15 – 20 %, respectively. Data Human Data Published data from cases, literature reviews, and observational studies report that methotrexate exposure during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of embryo-fetal toxicity and fetal death. Methotrexate exposure during the first trimester of pregnancy is associated with an increased incidence of spontaneous abortions and multiple adverse developmental outcomes, including skull anomalies, facial dysmorphism, central nervous system abnormalities, limb abnormalities, and sometimes cardiac anomalies and intellectual impairment. Adverse outcomes associated with exposure during second and third trimesters of pregnancy include intrauterine growth restriction and functional abnormalities. Because methotrexate is widely distributed and persists in the body for a prolonged period, there is a potential risk to the fetus from preconception methotrexate exposure. A prospective multicenter study evaluated pregnancy outcomes in women taking methotrexate less than or equal to 30 mg/week after conception. The rate of miscarriage in pregnant women exposed to methotrexate was 42.5% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 29.2-58.7), which was higher than in unexposed patients with autoimmune disease (22.5%, 95% CI 16.8-29.7) and unexposed patients with non-autoimmune disease (17.3%, 95% CI 13-22.8). Of the live births, the rate of major birth defects in pregnant women exposed to methotrexate after conception was higher than in unexposed patients with autoimmune disease (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.8 [95% CI 0.6-5.7]) and unexposed patients with non-autoimmune disease (adjusted OR 3.1 [95% CI 1.03-9.5]) (2.9%).Major birth defects associated with pregnancies exposed to methotrexate after conception were not always consistent with methotrexate-associated adverse developmental outcomes. 8.2 Lactation Risk Summary Limited published literature report the presence of methotrexate in human breast milk in low amounts following oral methotrexate administration, with the highest breast milk to plasma concentration ratio reported to be 0.08:1. No information is available on the effects of methotrexate on a breastfed infant or on milk production. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions from methotrexate in breastfed infants, including myelosuppression advise women not to breastfeed during treatment with Rasuvo and for one week after the final dose. 8.3 Females and Males of Reproductive Potential Pregnancy Testing Verify the pregnancy status of females of reproductive potential prior to initiating Rasuvo . Contraception Females Rasuvo can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1) ]. Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during and for 6 months after the final dose of Rasuvo. Males Methotrexate can cause chromosomal damage to sperm cells. Advise males with female partners of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during and for at least 3 months after the final dose of Rasuvo. Infertility Females Based on the published reports of female infertility after treatment with methotrexate, advise females of reproductive potential that Rasuvo can cause impairment of fertility and menstrual dysfunction during and after cessation of therapy. It is not known if the infertility may be reversed in all affected females. Males Based on published reports of male infertility after treatment with methotrexate, advise males of reproductive potential that Rasuvo can cause infertility or oligospermia during and after cessation of therapy. It is not known if the infertility may be reversed in all affected males. 8.4 Pediatric Use The safety and effectiveness of methotrexate, including Rasuvo, have not been established in pediatric patients with psoriasis. The safety and effectiveness of Rasuvo have not been established in pediatric patients with neoplastic diseases. The safety and effectiveness of methotrexate have been established in pediatric patients with polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis [see Clinical Studies (14.2) ]. Published clinical studies evaluating the use of methotrexate in children and adolescents (i.e., patients 2 to 16 years of age) with pJIA demonstrated safety comparable to that observed in adults with rheumatoid arthritis [see Adverse Reactions (6.1) ]. Rasuvo does not contain a preservative. However, methotrexate injectable formulations containing the preservative benzyl alcohol are not recommended for use in neonates. There have been reports of fatal 'gasping syndrome' in neonates (children less than one month of age) following the administrations of intravenous solutions containing the preservative benzyl alcohol. Symptoms include a striking onset of gasping respiration, hypotension, bradycardia, and cardiovascular collapse. Serious neurotoxicity, frequently manifested as generalized or focal seizures, has been reported with unexpectedly increased frequency among pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who were treated with intermediate-dose intravenous methotrexate (1 gm/m 2 ) [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ]. 8.5 Geriatric Use Clinical studies of methotrexate did not include sufficient numbers of subjects age 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic and renal function, decreased folate stores, concomitant disease or other drug therapy (i.e., that interfere with renal function, methotrexate or folate metabolism) in this population [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) , Drug Interactions (7.7) and Use in Specific Populations (8.6) ]. Since decline in renal function may be associated with increases in adverse reactions and serum creatinine measurements may over estimate renal function in the elderly, more accurate methods (i.e., creatinine clearance) should be considered. Serum methotrexate levels may also be helpful. Elderly patients should be closely monitored for early signs of hepatic, bone marrow and renal toxicity. In chronic use situations, certain toxicities may be reduced by folate supplementation. Post-marketing experience suggests that the occurrence of bone marrow suppression, thrombocytopenia, and pneumonitis may increase with age [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ]. 8.6 Renal Impairment Methotrexate elimination is reduced in patients with impaired renal function. Such patients require especially careful monitoring for toxicity and require dose reduction or, in some cases, discontinuation of Rasuvo administration. 8.7 Hepatic Impairment The effect of hepatic impairment on methotrexate pharmacokinetics has not been studied. Rasuvo is contraindicated in patients with alcoholic liver disease or other chronic liver disease. Patients with obesity, diabetes, hepatic fibrosis or steatohepatitis are at increased risk for hepatic injury and fibrosis secondary to methotrexate, and should be monitored closely [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ].
How supplied
Information about the available dosage forms to which the labeling applies, and for which the manufacturer or distributor is responsible. This field ordinarily includes the strength of the dosage form (in metric units), the units in which the dosage form is available for prescribing, appropriate information to facilitate identification of the dosage forms (such as shape, color, coating, scoring, and National Drug Code), and special handling and storage condition information.16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING Rasuvo contains methotrexate in a preservative-free sterile solution for a single subcutaneous injection in the following configurations. Strength Pack Configuration Single unit configurations are not for sale. Sample only. NDC 7.5 mg per 0.15 mL 1 59137-505-01 4 59137-505-04 10 mg per 0.20 mL 1 59137-510-01 4 59137-510-04 12.5 mg per 0.25 mL 1 59137-515-01 4 59137-515-04 15 mg per 0.30 mL 1 59137-520-01 4 59137-520-04 17.5 mg per 0.35 mL 1 59137-525-01 4 59137-525-04 20 mg per 0.40 mL 1 59137-530-01 4 59137-530-04 22.5 mg per 0.45 mL 1 59137-535-01 4 59137-535-04 25 mg per 0.50 mL 1 59137-540-01 4 59137-540-04 27.5 mg per 0.55 mL 1 59137-545-01 4 59137-545-04 30 mg per 0.60 mL 1 59137-550-01 4 59137-550-04 Not all pack sizes may be marketed. Store at controlled room temperature, 25°C (77°F); excursions permitted to 15° to 30°C (59° to 86°F). PROTECT FROM LIGHT. Handling and Disposal Handle and dispose of Rasuvo consistent with recommendations for handling and disposal of cytotoxic drugs. 1
| Strength | Pack Configuration | NDC |
|---|---|---|
| 7.5 mg per 0.15 mL | 1 | 59137-505-01 |
| 4 | 59137-505-04 | |
| 10 mg per 0.20 mL | 1 | 59137-510-01 |
| 4 | 59137-510-04 | |
| 12.5 mg per 0.25 mL | 1 | 59137-515-01 |
| 4 | 59137-515-04 | |
| 15 mg per 0.30 mL | 1 | 59137-520-01 |
| 4 | 59137-520-04 | |
| 17.5 mg per 0.35 mL | 1 | 59137-525-01 |
| 4 | 59137-525-04 | |
| 20 mg per 0.40 mL | 1 | 59137-530-01 |
| 4 | 59137-530-04 | |
| 22.5 mg per 0.45 mL | 1 | 59137-535-01 |
| 4 | 59137-535-04 | |
| 25 mg per 0.50 mL | 1 | 59137-540-01 |
| 4 | 59137-540-04 | |
| 27.5 mg per 0.55 mL | 1 | 59137-545-01 |
| 4 | 59137-545-04 | |
| 30 mg per 0.60 mL | 1 | 59137-550-01 |
| 4 | 59137-550-04 |
Storage and handling
Information about safe storage and handling of the drug product.Store at controlled room temperature, 25°C (77°F); excursions permitted to 15° to 30°C (59° to 86°F). PROTECT FROM LIGHT.
Boxed warning
Information about contraindications or serious warnings, particularly those that may lead to death or serious injury.WARNING: SEVERE TOXIC REACTIONS, INCLUDING EMBRYO-FETAL TOXICITY AND DEATH Rasuvo should be used only by physicians whose knowledge and experience include the use of antimetabolite therapy. Because of the possibility of serious toxic reactions (which can be fatal), Rasuvo should be used only in patients with psoriasis or rheumatoid arthritis with severe, recalcitrant, disabling disease which is not adequately responsive to other forms of therapy. Deaths have been reported with the use of methotrexate in the treatment of malignancy, psoriasis, and rheumatoid arthritis. Patients should be closely monitored for bone marrow, liver, lung, skin, and kidney toxicities. Patients should be informed by their physician of the risks involved and be under a physician's care throughout therapy [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ]. 1. Methotrexate can cause embryo-fetal toxicity, including fetal death. Use is contraindicated during pregnancy. Verify the pregnancy status of females of reproductive potential prior to initiating therapy. Advise females and males of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during and after treatment with Rasuvo [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) , Contraindications (4) , and Use in Specific Populations (8.1 , 8.3) ]. 2. Methotrexate elimination is reduced in patients with impaired renal functions, ascites, or pleural effusions. Such patients require especially careful monitoring for toxicity, and require dose reduction or, in some cases, discontinuation of Rasuvo administration [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6) ]. 3. Unexpectedly severe (sometimes fatal) bone marrow suppression, aplastic anemia, and gastrointestinal toxicity have been reported with concomitant administration of methotrexate (usually in high dosage) along with some nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) and Drug Interactions(7.1) ]. 4. Methotrexate causes hepatotoxicity, fibrosis and cirrhosis, but generally only after prolonged use. Acutely, liver enzyme elevations are frequently seen. These are usually transient and asymptomatic, and also do not appear predictive of subsequent hepatic disease. Liver biopsy after sustained use often shows histologic changes, and fibrosis and cirrhosis have been reported; these latter lesions may not be preceded by symptoms or abnormal liver function tests in the psoriasis population. For this reason, periodic liver biopsies are usually recommended for psoriatic patients who are under long-term treatment. Persistent abnormalities in liver function tests may precede appearance of fibrosis or cirrhosis in the rheumatoid arthritis population [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ]. 5. Methotrexate-induced lung disease, including acute or chronic interstitial pneumonitis, is a potentially dangerous lesion, which may occur acutely at any time during therapy and has been reported at low doses. It is not always fully reversible and fatalities have been reported. Pulmonary symptoms (especially a dry, nonproductive cough) may require interruption of treatment and careful investigation [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ]. 6. Diarrhea and ulcerative stomatitis require interruption of therapy: otherwise, hemorrhagic enteritis and death from intestinal perforation may occur [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ]. 7. Malignant lymphomas, which may regress following withdrawal of methotrexate, may occur in patients receiving low-dose methotrexate and, thus, may not require cytotoxic treatment. Discontinue Rasuvo first and, if the lymphoma does not regress, appropriate treatment should be instituted [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8) ]. 8. Like other cytotoxic drugs, methotrexate may induce "tumor lysis syndrome" in patients with rapidly growing tumors [see Warnings and Precautions (5.9) ]. 9. Severe, occasionally fatal, skin reactions have been reported following single or multiple doses of methotrexate. Reactions have occurred within days of oral, intramuscular, intravenous, or intrathecal methotrexate administration. Recovery has been reported with discontinuation of therapy [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ]. 10. Potentially fatal opportunistic infections, especially Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia, may occur with methotrexate therapy [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ]. 11. Methotrexate given concomitantly with radiotherapy may increase the risk of soft tissue necrosis and osteonecrosis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.10) ]. WARNING: SEVERE TOXIC REACTIONS, INCLUDING EMBRYO- FETAL TOXICITY AND DEATH See full prescribing information for complete boxed warning. Serious toxic reactions and death have been reported with the use of methotrexate. Patients should be closely monitored for bone marrow, liver, lung, skin, and kidney toxicities ( 5.1 ). Methotrexate can cause embryo-fetal toxicity, including fetal death. Use is contraindicated during pregnancy ( 4 ). Advise females and males of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during and after treatment with methotrexate. ( 5.2 , 8.1 , 8.3 ). Unexpectedly severe (sometimes fatal) bone marrow suppression, aplastic anemia, and gastrointestinal toxicity have been reported with concomitant administration of methotrexate (usually in high dosage) along with some nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) ( 5.1 ). Hepatotoxicity, fibrosis, and cirrhosis may occur after prolonged use ( 5.1 ). Methotrexate may cause interstitial pneumonitis at any time during therapy and has been reported at low doses. Pulmonary symptoms (especially a dry, nonproductive cough) may require interruption of treatment and careful investigation ( 5.1 ). Diarrhea, ulcerative stomatitis, hemorrhagic enteritis, and death from intestinal perforation may occur ( 5.1 ). Severe, occasionally fatal, skin reactions have been reported ( 5.1 ). Potentially fatal opportunistic infections may occur ( 5.1 ).
Disclaimer: Do not rely on openFDA or Phanrmacy Near Me to make decisions regarding medical care. While we make every effort to ensure that data is accurate, you should assume all results are unvalidated. Source: OpenFDA, Healthporta Drugs API